Digestive Efficiencies and Maintenance Energy Requirements of Captive Wild Felidae: Cougar (Felis concolor); Leopard (Panthera pardus); Lion (Panthera leo); And Tiger (Panthera tigris)

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Barbiers ◽  
L. M. Vosburgh ◽  
P. K. Ku ◽  
D. E. Ullrey ◽  
Ju
Keyword(s):  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Felis Concolor

scholarly journals Playback of felid growls mitigates crop-raiding by elephants Elephas maximus in southern India

Oryx ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Thuppil ◽  
Richard G. Coss
Keyword(s):  
Southern India ◽  
Elephas Maximus ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Motion Detector ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractWe attempted to deter crop-raiding elephants Elephas maximus by using playbacks of threatening vocalizations such as felid growls and human shouts. For this purpose, we tested two sound-playback systems in southern India: a wireless, active infrared beam-triggered system to explore the effects of night-time uncertainty in elephants' assessment of predatory threats, and a passive infrared motion detector-triggered system for closer-range playbacks. Using the first system, we deterred 90% of crop-raiding attempts using tiger Panthera tigris growls, 72.7% using leopard Panthera pardus growls, and 57.1% using human shouts, with no statistically significant difference among the three sounds. Using the second system, playbacks of tiger and lion Panthera leo growls deterred 100 and 83.3% of crop-raiding attempts, respectively, with no statistically reliable difference between the two, although video evidence indicated that elephants were more fearful of tiger growls. Our results indicate that playbacks of threatening sounds can be effective in mitigating human–elephant conflict, particularly in bolstering existing deterrent methods.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of phylogenetic history to resolve the subspecies anomaly of Pantherine cats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranajit Das ◽  
Priyanka Upadhyai
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Snow Leopards

AbstractAll charismatic big cats including tiger (Panthera tigris), lion (Panthera leo), leopard (Panthera pardus), snow leopard (Panthera uncial), and jaguar (Panthera onca) are grouped into the subfamily Pantherinae. Several mitogenomic approaches have been employed to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the Pantherine cats but the phylogeny has remained largely unresolved till date. One of the major reasons for the difficulty in resolving the phylogenetic tree of Pantherine cats is the small sample size. While previous studies included only 5‐10 samples, we have used 43 publically available taxa to reconstruct Pantherine phylogenetic history. Complete mtDNA sequences were used from all individuals excluding the control region (15,489bp). A Bayesian MCMC approach was employed to investigate the divergence times among different Pantherine clades. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny generated a dendrogram: Neofelis nebulosa (Panthera tigris (Panthera onca (Panthera uncia (Panthera leo, Panthera pardus)))), grouping lions with leopards and placing snow leopards as an outgroup to this clade. The phylogeny revealed that lions split from their sister species leopard ~3 Mya and the divergence time between snow leopards and the clade including lions and leopards was estimated to be ~5 Mya. Our study revealed that the morphology-based subspecies designation for both lions and tigers is largely not valid. The estimated tMRCA of 2.9 Mya between Barbary lions and Sub-Saharan African lions depicts the restriction of female-mediated gene flow between the lion populations in the backdrop of the habitat fragmentation taking place from late Pliocene to early to mid-Pleistocene creating islands of forest refugia in central Africa.

MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF MANDIBLE OF ASIATIC LION (Panthera leo), INDIAN TIGER (Panthera tigris) AND COMMON LEOPARD (Panthera pardus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweta Pandya ◽  
D.M. Bhayani ◽  
Y.L. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Coronoid Process ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Asiatic Lion ◽  
Angular Process ◽  
Horizontal Ramus ◽  
Lower Incisors

The morphology and morphometric study on mandibles of lion, tiger and leopard was carried out at Sakkarbaug Zoo, Junagadh (Gujarat). The mandible is formed by two symmetrical halves fused rostrally by symphysis. The alveolar border presented six alveoli for lower incisors and two large deep alveoli for canine teeth. The average length of mandible was 19.08, 17.40 and 13.54 cm in lion, tiger and leopard, with the corresponding average mandible weight of 0.338, 0.271, and 0.145 kg, respectively. However, the width of mandible was significantly more in lion (3.28 cm) than that of tiger (2.51 cm) and leopard (1.71 cm). The mandibular height up to condyle and coronoid process in lion, tiger and leopard was 4.17 and 9.24, 4.19 and 9.16, 3.04 and 7.14 cm, respectively. Both the heights were significantly higher in lion and tiger than those of leopard. The average length of symphysis-mandibularis was significantly higher in lion (6.58 cm) and tiger (6.68 cm) than leopard (4.47 cm). The mental foramina were three in tiger and two in lion and leopard, and they were deeper in lion and tiger than the leopard. The angular process was placed at caudal border of horizontal ramus and found blunt and medially curved in all three species.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii AND OTHER PARASITES STUDIED IN FELINE FECES IN ZOOS IN CUBA AND BRAZIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginette Villar Echarte ◽  
Alynne Da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Jessica Lima Pinheiro ◽  
Alejandro Manuel Rodriguez Segon ◽  
Anderson Mendes Augusto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina

Under certain circumstances, wild animals kept in zoos may be more exposed to infectious parasitic diseases. The puprpose of this study was to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal parasites in captive wild felids in the National Zoological Park (PZN) in Cuba (Havana) and in RioZoo in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). A total of 52 fecal samples were collected from 52 felids, as follows: 19 Panthera leo, two Leopardus tigrinus, two Leopardus pardalis, one Panthera tigris altaica, four Panthera tigris tigris, six Panthera onca, seven Puma concolor, one Herpailurus yagouaroundi, three Acinonyx jubatus, two Caracal caracal and five Panthera pardus. The fecal samples were processed and examined microscopically. The frequency of parasite positive animals was 17.5% (7/40) in PZN and 25% (3/12) in RioZoo. Panthera pardus (40%) and Panthera onca (20%) were most frequently infected in PZN and Panthera leo (100%) and Leopardus pardalis (50%) in RioZoo. Hookworm (12.5%) was detected in PZN as well as Toxascaris leonina (10%) and in RioZoo nematode larvae (9.1%) , hookworm eggs (9.1%), Toxascaris leonina (2%) and the cestode eggs from the Diphyllobothriidae family (9.1%) were found. Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts were not detected in feline feces. Although the positivity of gastrointestinal parasites detected in feline fecal samples was not very high in these zoos, both institutions need to implement and maintain sanitary measures, including routine diagnosis of parasitosis followed by specific treatment according to the infections detected.KEY WORDS: Captive wild felids; gastrointestinal parasites; National Zoo Park of Cuba; Rio de Janeiro Zoo; Brazil.

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

Maintenance energy requirements of grazing sheep: A detailed comparison between models

1984 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wallach ◽  
Jean Michel Elsen ◽  
Jean Louis Charpenteau
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Grazing Sheep

scholarly journals Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan: a hot spot for wild felids

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshering Tempa ◽  
Mark Hebblewhite ◽  
L. Scott Mills ◽  
Tshewang R. Wangchuk ◽  
Nawang Norbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
Prionailurus Bengalensis ◽  
Eastern Himalayan Region

AbstractThe non-uniformity of the distribution of biodiversity makes allocation of the limited resources available for conservation of biodiversity a difficult task. Approaches such as biodiversity hotspot identification, endemic bird areas, crisis ecoregions, global 200 ecoregions, and the Last of the Wild are used by scientists and international conservation agencies to prioritize conservation efforts. As part of the biodiverse Eastern Himalayan region, Bhutan has been identified as a conservation priority area by all these different approaches, yet data validating these assessments are limited. To examine whether Bhutan is a biodiversity hot spot for a key taxonomic group, we conducted camera trapping in the lower foothills of Bhutan, in Royal Manas National Park, from November 2010 to February 2011. We recorded six species of wild felids of which five are listed on the IUCN Red List: tiger Panthera tigris, golden cat Pardofelis temminckii, marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata, leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa and common leopard Panthera pardus. Our study area of 74 km2 has c. 16% of felid species, confirming Bhutan as a biodiversity hot spot for this group.

scholarly journals New Geometric Morphometric Insights in Digital Taphonomy: Analyses into the Sexual Dimorphism of Felids through Their Tooth Pits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7848
Author(s):  
Darío Herranz-Rodrigo ◽  
Silvia J. Tardáguila-Giacomozzi ◽  
Lloyd A. Courtenay ◽  
Juan-José Rodríguez-Alba ◽  
Antonio Garrucho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Applied Statistics ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Felid Species

Recent studies using geometric morphometrics for taphonomy have yielded interesting results, opening new horizons of research in both archaeological and paleontological sites. Here we present the analysis of tooth pits left by male and female individuals of two different carnivore species (Panthera tigris and Panthera pardus) in order to see if sexual dimorphism influences the morphology of tooth pit marks. In the process, 3D-scanning and applied statistics were used. Based on samples derived from two individuals of different sexes, the present results indicate sexual dimorphism in these felid species to not be a conditioning factor of tooth pit morphology.

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