Some Aspects of the Economic Development of India: The Problem of Accelerated Reaction

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-599
Author(s):  
Karl von Vorys
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Moment

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the rate of economic growth in India will have to be increased if the standard of living is to rise significantly within the foreseeable future. At the moment India is completing her Second Five-Year Plan. The objectives of the plan are indeed very modest. They provide for a 25 per cent increase in the national income and an 18 per cent increase in the per capita income over a five-year period. To reach these objectives, investment in the private and public sectors was to be increased to a rate of 10.68 per cent of the national income by 1961. An 18 per cent increase would raise the per capita income of India to only Rs 331 ($69.50) and the investment rate of 10.68 per cent may be just about sufficient for a take-off into economic development. Nevertheless, almost immediately after these targets were approved, doubts appeared whether the necessary funds for investment would become available. Although more foreign aid was provided than was originally expected, this was more than offset by the difficulties faced in mobilizing domestic resources. By 1958 the total objectives were revised downward by about 12 per cent.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

The Determinants of U.K. Investment Abroad, 1870–1913: The U.S. Case

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 980-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Industrial Output ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Foreign Lending ◽  
The U.S

Perhaps because the world had never before or since seen such a large proportion of national income devoted to accumulating overseas assets, the processes of British accumulation in the period from 1870 to 1913 have long been given disproportionate attention in the study of modern British economic history. Calculations based on C. H. Feinstein's latest studies of U.K. income, expenditures and product suggest that roughly half of the nation's annual savings took the form of net foreign lending during these years, savings averaging slightly less than ten percent of net national income. Undoubtedly, interest in these matters has been further augmented by the intriguing problem of the United Kingdom's loss of world leadership in both industrial output and per capita income during these same years.

Dynamics, Characteristics and Prospects of Consumer Spending in Albania

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Alqi Naqellari ◽  
Eros Angjeli ◽  
Nexhmi Dumani
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Abstract In this paper analyzes the problem of the dynamics of income and expenditure of households in Albania. Analyzing costs in general, spending on food in particular, both connected with a range of other indicators of welfare, with per capita income, expenses for the basket of goods, according to its elements and structure. Survey basket expenditure according to regions of Albania. Analyzed per capita income, expenses basket compared with countries in the region, Europe and the world. The goal is: to extract an accurate conclusion, the place at which ranks Albania in these indicators. What to do in the future, in order to emerge from this negative situation. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are: Albania ranks last places of the world, the indicator of per capita income and expenditure of households. Ranked in first countries in the region and in Europe for the indication of the percentage of expenditure on food and non-alcoholic drinks to the total cost of items in the basket. This situation has come as a result of lower rates of growth of its economy. It recommended changes in the structure of GDP in terms of growth of light industry and food industry extraction and processing, etc. By developing these branches will grow faster GDP and national income, and consequently will increase per capita income. Methods used are: methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of description and comparison, statistical methods etc.

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MAJOR INDIAN STATES

Paradigm ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
P.V. Rajeev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Parts

Infrastructure bottlenecks may impose severe constraints on the process of economic development in India. The pattern of infrastructure development has not been uniform in different parts of the country. In this paper an attempt is made to study the extent of disparities that exist in infrastructure development in major states in India. It has been found that States with higher per capita income are also the ones where better progress has been achieved in infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karima Muthmaina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Per Capita

Economic Development is a process of increasing total income and income per capita by contributing to population growth and fundamental changes in the economic structure of a country and income ranking for the population of a country. Indonesia's development should be for the development of Indonesia's human resources, so that the use of per capita income indicators is not only an indicator of the success of Indonesia's development. Regarding the matters in question above, the use of Human Development Indicators (HDI) becomes relevant.

scholarly journals ZAKAT AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: STUDY IN THREE MUSLIM COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
An’im Kafabih ◽  
Setyo Tri Wahyudi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Douglas Production Function

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of zakat on per capita income as one indicator of economic development. The data is analyzed by Cobb-Douglas production function and panel data analysis model. Study findings show that zakat significantly and positively affect on per capita income. This study also found that compared to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), most popular instrument of government to increase economic development, zakat has a greater coefficient. In addition, Muslims as a majority population on average unable to contribute significantly to economic development. However, they could contribute to zakat as seen from increase in amount of zakat collection.

Comparison of Socio Economic Development of Tarai and Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Dipak Duvey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

The comparison of socio economic development of Tarai and Nepal is the comparison of development of total Nepal with its southern part Tarai. Socio economically southern belt of Nepal, Tarai is leading whole Nepal in development. There are not any significant impacts of conflicts of Tarai in one and half decade, in socio economic development of rural development of Tarai. The comparative study has selected timeline of 2004, 2011 and 2019 to collect and analyze the socioeconomic indicators based on data of Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Data). It is the study of literacy rate, access to electricity, GDP Growth rate and Per capita income of Nepal and Tarai region in different point of time of conflicts and resiliencies. The literacy rate was 55%, 65%, and72% in Tarai and 49%, 60% and 69% in Nepal; access to electricity were 40%, 78% and 95% in Tarai and 37%, 65% and 96% in Nepal. Similarly, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth rate was 5%, 5% and 7.2% in Tarai and 4.7 %, 3.4%, and 7.1% in Nepal; Per capita income in USD was 300, 629 and 1100 in Tarai and 286, 610, and 1034 in Nepal from 2004, 2011, and 2019respectively. Therefore, Tarai is leading Nepal in socio economic development.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF TAX REVENUE ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Okenwa Ogbodo ◽  
Chike Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect

The main objective of this study is to ascertain the effect of Tax Revenue on Economic Development with a focus on Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine; the effect of Companies’ Income Tax on Per Capita Income, Petroleum Profit Tax on Per Capita Incomeof Nigeria from 2000-2019. This study employed the use of time series data and Ex-post facto research design was adopted. Secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Statistical Bulletin, Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), World Bank Statistical Bulletin and Annual Abstract of Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). Inferential statistics of the hypotheses were carried out with the aid of E-views 10 statistical software using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression analysis, Granger Causality test. The study found that companies’ income tax has a significant positive effect on per capita income of Nigeria; petroleum profit tax has a significant positive effect on per capita income of Nigeria; It was recommended inter alia that federal government of Nigeria should underpin public financial management reforms, strengthen supervisory and transparency practices, improve tax administration, and fight tax evasion.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Performance of Government of Pakistan

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (4II) ◽  
pp. 831-841
Author(s):  
Farooq Rasheed ◽  
Eatzaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
National Income ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Per Capita

The use of social and economic indicators to evaluate and rank governments’ performance is often found in literature. The Anglo-Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries rest on the surveillance of work in the various ministries. This performance accounting approach thus becomes crucial for any regime to perform superlatively to their predecessors and thus it provides the basis to suggest why it is important to inspect governance of a government. Government’s efficacy also depends on the magnitude of the welfare that it is able to achieve. Debate on welfare is dated back to Adam Smith at-least. Now the question is what should be the welfare gauging indicators. We understand that, issues related to poverty, land utilisation, agriculture and industrial sectors, health services, education, growth rate of national income, per capita income, employment, etc. are important factors that can explain welfare status of a nation. Thus by developing an index based on performance in these areas, various political regimes can be evaluated and ranked. These evaluations and rankings set standards for future governments to improve. Thus these studies can be useful for developing and improving social welfare standards.

scholarly journals The effect of democracy on income: An analysis of countries affected by coups d’état

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Ozan Saray
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Definite Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coups D'etat ◽  
Data Estimation ◽  
Positive Effect

Although there is a considerable amount of study which examines the effect of democracy on national income, a limited number of papers analyses the effect of democracy on per capita income. The main objective of this research is to show the effect of democracy level on per capita income among new sample, 21 countries which share a similar coup d??tat experience in their political history, to fulfil the gap in the literature. The countries selected are from different continents and are those most affected by coups. The impact of two different democracy indicators (Freedom House and Polity IV) on the per capita income of the countries in the period 2000-2014 is analysed. The results of the panel data estimation show that, an increase in democracy level has a positive effect on per capita income for both democracy indicators. As expected, the effect of the investment, secularism and education variables on income is positive, whereas the effect of population growth rate is negative. And trade has no definite effect on per capita income.

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