Contention and Management in International Relations

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 720-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth N. Waltz
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Invisible

THE idea that peaceful adjustment of the relations of states may result from contention among them Claude believes to be hopelessly outmoded. The presence of nuclear weapons means that any equilibrium of states, however stable it may seem, is not nearly stable enough. The task of the theorist and the statesman alike is to introduce order from above, to replace the “invisible hand” by which adjustments are contrived in systems of self-regulation with something a little more substantial. Here the juxaposition of our two authors enlivens the subject. F. H. Hinsley considers the notion of spontaneous equilibrium to be a liberating idea. He applies the eighteenth century's beautiful system of natural harmony to the world of the present and is delighted with the result. Though large-scale war would now be devastating, we need not worry. Nuclear power is absolute and nuclear states, competent to control the instruments of power at their disposal, deter each other absolutely.

Israel

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin Narang
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear State ◽  
Nuclear Program ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

This chapter considers how one might treat Israel's nuclear posture, given that it is a posture comprising capabilities that have never been confirmed. Israel is the world's oldest closet nuclear state. For more than forty years it has neither confirmed nor denied its possession of nuclear weapons, and has vowed not to be the first to “introduce” nuclear weapons into the Middle East. But it has circulated enough credible rumors and hints that it does possess a nuclear weapons capability to lead most of the world to believe that Israel was the world's sixth nuclear power. Based on incredible access to Israeli officials and declassified U.S. documents, this chapter reveals the most authoritative history of Israel's nuclear program. Drawing on previous works on the subject, this chapter fits Israel's nuclear posture into the broader comparative typology.

scholarly journals VALUE-SENSE MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1(82)) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
A. Kurbatov ◽  
L. Kurbatova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The World ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Practical

The greatest crisis, which is being experienced by the world economy, has not come unexpectedly, since it was predicted with a sufficient degree of precision. Moreover, the matters, causing obstacles for the transformation in the period of transition from the mixed economy to the intellectual economy, have been studied well enough and the technologies of the harmonious transformation have not just been developed but also successfully approbated. However, the crisis is escalating with increasing strength, and many analysts are warning against the risk of irreversible losses, that threaten the mankind with self-destruction due to the effect of 'the lacuna' and 'the gap' between the speed of changes in life conditions and the velocity of growth of human and humanity abilities to adapt to fast changing conditions of ecological, economic, technological and political reality. As anticipated, the main problem turned out to be the intellectual inertia. Despite the fact that the system analysis of the global crisis in education, which does not any longer provide the human and humanity with the proper competencies, even those necessary for the survival, was published by F.G.Coobles back in 1968, the approaches which are long outdated and, therefore, have become dangerous, are still widely spread all over the world. The reports of the Roman club have repeatedly highlighted that the overcoming of 'the lacuna' effect requires new approaches to education, but this has not led to large scale practical results, in spite of the fact, that the task of the development of the new system of the continuous anti-crisis education (for all ages) was accomplished back in the USSR and the experimental model proved to be efficient in process of the 20 years approbation in conditions of the Russian Federation. The psychological bareers arising during the transition from the programme goal method to the system-synergetic approach, from the crisis model of economy to value-sense one, from the subject-object relations to the subject-subject ones and others, have turned to be hard to overcome without the help of specialists, equipped with the methods of the value-sense management, which enable each subject, experiencing the negative impact of the modern economic crisis, to successfully overcome it. This article is dedicated to the peculiarities of the author's scientific-practical school of the value-sense management as a means of overcoming the modern economic crisis. 

Challenges to Traditional International Relations Theory Posed by Environmental Change

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Dyer
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Challenge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

Changes in the environment can impact international relations theory, despite enjoying only a limited amount of attention from scholars of the discipline. The sorts of influence that may be identified include ontology, epistemology, concepts, and methods, all of these being related to varying perspectives on international relations. It is likely that the most profound implications arise at the ontological level, since this establishes assumptions about, for example, whether the world we wish to understand is both political and ecological. However, more recently the recognition of the practical challenge presented by the environment has become widespread, though it has not yet translated into a significant impact on the discipline of international relations, even when theoretical implications are noted. It is now almost obligatory to include the environment in any list of modern international relations concerns, as over time it has become necessary to include peace, underdevelopment, gender, or race, as they quite rightly became recognized as significant aspects of the field. Moreover, the environment, as a relatively novel subject matter, has naturally brought some critique and innovation to the field. However, studies of the environment are also subject to such descriptors as “mainstream” and “radical” in debates about how best to tackle the subject. As is often the case, the debates are sharpest among those with the greatest interest in the subject.

Nuclear Energy for the Poor

Worldview ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Akhund
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Third World ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Equal Degree ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Doubt

The subject of nuclear energy, arousing hope and anxiety in almost equal degree, is of interest to all mankind. Of late, however, attention has focused on the implications of the spread of nuclear power and technology to Third World countries, and in that context the views of Pakistan—a developing country with similar economic compulsions—may be of some general interest.Thirty years after Hiroshima-Nagasaki one sees nuclear energy being used beneficently all over the world in research institutions and hospitals, in farms and factories. But a number of recent developments have reawakened the fear and moral doubt concerning man's capacity to make wise use of the terrible power his intelligence has unleashed: the explosion by India of a nuclear device in 1974; disclosures about the real risks of accidents in power reactors; and the fear that terrorists, political or’ criminal, may obtain recourse to nuclear bombs to further their ends.

scholarly journals Undercomprehension

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Good Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Visible Hand ◽  
The Invisible

MY SENSE OF OUR TIME IS OF A GROWING GAP BETWEEN THE good society that we seek and the ways and means of achieving it. As I have put it,Knowledge becomes more and more the problem as politics becomes more and more complicated. The growing complexity of the world of politics . . . results not only from increasing and global interdependencies, but from the very expansion of the sphere of politics. The more the visible hand and political engineering displace the invisible hand of automatic adjustments (and maladjustments), and the more politics enters everywhere, the less we are in control of what we are doing.And my conclusion repeats: ‘We are . . . living above and beyond our intelligence, above our grasp of what we are doing. The more we engage in remaking the body politic, the more I am struck by the uneasy feeling that we are apprentice sorcerers’.

An estranged gaze at the world of work: La mano invisible (Isaac Rosa 2011; David Macián 2016)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Carmina Gustrán Loscos
Keyword(s):  
Invisible Hand ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Liberal Society ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Invisible

This article analyses the unusual representation of work and workers in the novel La mano invisible (Isaac Rosa 2011) and its cinematic version (David Macián 2016). It explores how Rosa and Macián challenge the hegemonic invisibility of labour and labourers in the collective imagination of Spanish society by materializing not only the invisible hand of the workers behind the production of commodities and the supply of services, but also the invisible hand behind labour relations in a neo-liberal society. These representations are also analysed in their context of production and reception: post-industrial Europe and, more specifically, post-2008 crisis Spain.

scholarly journals Teologiczne podstawy monastycznej mistyki nestoriańskiej (syro-orientalnej) w listach Jana z Dalijata

Vox Patrum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Andrzej Uciecha
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Spiritual Experience ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Literary Output ◽  
The Invisible

The article attempts to draw an outline of the mystic theology of the Nesto­rian monk John of Dalyatha (John Saba, „the Elder”), who lived at the border of what is now Turkey and Iraq at the turn of the 7th and the 8th centuries. His literary output consists of the letters and the homilies and belongs to the „golden age” of the East Syrian Christian literature. In line with the Nestorian Orthodoxy, John Saba denied the perception of the God’s nature, which was identified by him with the transcendent nature of Father. He accepted, however, a contemplation of God’s glory, understood as a radiance and a reflection of the invisible nature. John of Dalyatha was the only mystic who attempted to explain this distinction in the light of ideas of St. Paul (2Cor 3:18 and 4:6). The subject of the current analysis is the idea behind the expressions „remembrance of God” and „the world of changeability”. Unceasing looking at the God, and searching for Him deep into the heart is necessary for the development of mystical sensitivity. The psychological depth of John’s religious programme is striking. In the human soul, the heart is the place of a union with the God, as it was in „the Holy of Holies”. John conveys his spiritual experience, although he is fully conscious of imperfect means through which man can communicate the mysteries of God.

scholarly journals Nuclear Deficit: Why Nuclear Weapons Are Natural, but Scotland Doesn’t Need Nature

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Michael Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
First Century ◽  
Scottish Enlightenment ◽  
Temporal Abstraction ◽  
Foundational Principle ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
The Uk

This article argues that millennial Scottish culture has been animated in large part by a push to overcome a historiographical compulsion built into the modern British state’s understanding of nature. This understanding of nature became the foundational principle of government during the Financial Revolution and British unification in the 1690s–1710, then was made the subject of a universal history by the Scottish Enlightenment of the later eighteenth century, and has remained in place to be extended by neoliberalism. The article argues more specifically that the British association of progress with dominion over the world as nature demands a temporal abstraction, or automation, reducing the determinability of the present, and that correspondingly this idea of nature ‘softens’ conflict in a way that points to weapons carrying perfectly abstracted violence. Nuclear weapons become an inevitable corollary of the nature of British authority. Against this, twenty-first century Scottish cultures, particularly a growing mainstream surrounding independence or stressing national specificity, have noticeably turned against both nuclear weapons and the understanding of nature these weapons protect. These cultures draw from a 1980s moment in which anti-nuclear action came both to be understood as ‘national’, and to stand in relief to the British liberal firmament. These cultures are ‘activist’ in the literal sense that they tend to interrupt an assumption of the eternal that stands behind both nuclear terror and its capture of nature as dominion over the world. A dual interruption, nuclear and counter-natural, can be read in pro-independence cultural projects including online projects like Bella Caledonia and National Collective, which might be described as undertaking a thorough ‘denaturing’. But if the question of nature as resources for dominion has been a topic for debate in the environmental humanities, little attention has been paid to this specifically British ‘worlding’ of nature, or to how later constitutional pressures on the UK also mean pressures on this worlding. Andreas Malm’s Fossil Capital (2016), for example, a powerful account of the automation of production in the British industrial revolution, might be related to the automation of ideas of progress pressed during the Scottish Enlightenment, and entrenching a dualism of owning subject and nature as object-world that would drive extraction in empire. Finally, this article suggests that this dualism, and the nature holding it in place, have also been a major target of the ‘wilderness encounters’ that form a large sub-genre in twenty-first century Scottish writing. Such ‘denaturing’ encounters can be read in writers like Alec Finlay, Linda Cracknell, Thomas A. Clark, and Gerry Loose, often disrupting the subject standing over nature, and sometimes explicitly linking this to a disruption of nuclear realism.

Good for the Goose — Good for the Gander?

1984 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Chapman ◽  
Bernie McKay
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Good For ◽  
Smoking Control

Complaints and judgements about smoking and anti-smoking advertisements under advertising self regulation. The advertising self-regulatory system in Australia has recently dealt with two complaints concerning cigarette smoking. Two advertisements from a large-scale smoking control program were the subject of a complaint from the tobacco industry, resulting in one being effectively banned. Complaints were also sent to the same self-regulatory body by a consumer group about three cigarette advertisements. These were not upheld. Details of the complaints and their outcomes are given, with the critical conclusion being drawn that considerably greater latitude in what was judged to be acceptable was afforded the cigarette advertisers than was the smoking control program: Inherent limits on the impartiality of self-regulatory systems are discussed.

Unnatural acts

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-128
Author(s):  
Matthew Woods
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Nuclear Arms

International relations theory overdetermines proliferation but few states possess nuclear arms. This article maintains the linguistic construction of ‘proliferation’ accounts for the international nonnuclear order. Following an overview of its approach, the article begins with a review of earlier works and notes the inability of ‘nuclear language studies’ to account for the order of rejection rather than acquisition of nuclear arms. The article traces that limitation to a practical assumption about the world that animates scholars to attend to how words distort rather than create reality. The article then introduces a version of constructivism that claims speech acts produce constitutive rules that create what ‘is’ and oblige order (as ‘same use’) to suggest how language accounts for the order that turns on rejection of nuclear weapons. Finally, the article illustrates how states, following this constructivist process, often used discursive practices that emphasized the ‘unnatural’ to create ‘proliferation’ between 1958 and 1968.

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