U.S. Business Interests in Cuba and the Rise of Castro

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
New Business ◽  
Human Skills ◽  
The Government ◽  
Direct Government ◽  
Private Investors

Private investment in Latin America by citizens of the United States, as well as in other less-developed areas of the world, is widely regarded as a valuable—if not an indispensable—component of the overall U.S. foreign assistance program. By quickly identifying and exploring promising new business opportunities, and by providing financial resources and human skills required to translate them into going ventures, U.S. investment activities can make a vital contribution to economic development. Recognizing the role of private investment in furthering its national interests, the U.S. government has for a number of years sought to promote the flow of new investment: a rapidly growing investment guarantee program, direct government loans to eligible private investors, and investment information services are some of the instruments employed by the government in pursuing this objective. To provide additional incentives, a bill currently before Congress stipulates that U.S. investors making certain kinds of new investments in eligible, less-developed countries would be permitted to deduct 30 per cent of the cost of the investment from their total federal income-tax obligations.

scholarly journals Overseas Private Investment Corporation

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Investment Financing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The purpose of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) is “to mobilize and facilitate the participation of United States private capital and skills in the economic and social development of less developed friendly countries and areas, thereby complementing the development assistance objectives of the United States” (Foreign Assistance Act of 1969, quoted in Investment Insurance Handbook, p. 3). OPIC seeks to accomplish this through providing investment insurance and financing to corporations which are willing to invest in less developed countries. “In all instances the projects OPIC supports must assist in the social and economic development of the country, and must be consistent with the economic interests of the United States” (Investment Financing Handbook p. 3).

Greek economy could slip into recession again

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Greek Economy ◽  
Target Set ◽  
The Government

Subject Greece’s stagnating economy. Significance The economy failed to turn a corner in 2016, registering zero real GDP growth. The ambitious 2.7% GDP growth target, set for 2017 by the government and Greece’s lenders, now looks hard to achieve. However, the economy’s stabilisation, albeit at a level much lower than before the crisis, is evident. Impacts A swift end to the bailout review might lift uncertainty and improve the investment climate, allowing both domestic and private investment. Inclusion into the ECB’s quantitative easing programme would help inject additional liquidity into the economy, stimulating credit growth. Over the medium term, rising protectionism in the United States and Europe might restrict trade, reducing Greek goods and services exports.

scholarly journals Evolution of the U.S. Assistance Program and the Soviet “Economic Offensive” Factor (1950s)

2021 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Sergey Shenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Third World ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Third World

Introduction. This article is devoted to studying the influence of the Soviet “economic offensive” factor in the 1950s on the formation of the New World Economic Order by the American by the American ruling elite in general and the use of such an important tool as foreign assistance in particular in the framework of this process. The reconstruction of this process makes it possible to clarify the specifics of the foreign policy decision-making mechanism in the United States, to identify the ideological approaches of main political interest groups to the goals and methods of building a new world order. Methods and materials. The study uses a group analysis approach as well as American executive and legislative documents, press material, speeches by key politicians, etc., to identify the reasons for the differences among representatives of the three leading interest groups in interpreting the nature of the Soviet “economic offensive” in the Third World countries. Analysis. These differences were primarily due to the possibility of using the factor of the Soviet “aggression” for conducting domestic propaganda campaigns as part of the interest groups struggle for control over the foreign assistance program. Thus, the representatives of the atlantists group claimed that the main threat from the Communist world remained in the military sphere; the globalist-oriented progressives insisted that the Soviet “economic offensive” was a critical danger to U.S. interests, while conservatives declared that the “myths” about the Soviet-communist threats to the United States in the Third World were invalid. Results. In the second half of the 1950s the group of progressives used the factor of the Soviet “economic offensive” more effectively in the framework of their campaigns (there were four of them), which allowed them to take control over the foreign assistance program and begin to reorient the American strategic course from the prevailing ideology of “mutual security” towards the global developmentalism.

scholarly journals The Role of Marketing and Business Approach on SME Development

Ekonomika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Hykmete Bajrami ◽  
Vjosa Fejza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Approach

Almost two decades after the war, Kosovo is an import-based consumption economy. Its weak export does not get any closer to imports, and this makes the country dependent on foreign assistance and remittances. The structure of the economy, with trade as a dominating undertaking, a sustenance-based agricultur,e and very limited production facilities, is a very fragile ground for economic development. Incentives to attract FDI were not competitive with neighboring countries and the country development is still lagging behind. In this respect, the lack of a proper marketing and business approach is present too. Theory and practice from developed countries show that firms that want to increase sales produce what is needed or/and wanted from costumers. In most of the market economy countries, when one wants to engage in business, the first step to start is market research; this rarely happens in Kosovo, people go in business almost ad hoc. Evidence shows that firms do neglect marketing by being mainly sales-oriented; they do produce what they think is good for the costumers and then use lots of resources to convince them that this is what they need. In general, this paper analyses the dynamics of economic development in Kosovo in post-conflict time, the government efforts to change the economic structure, its constraints with emphasis on perception of marketing and the role of consumers for SMEs in the country. In particular, the paper tries to explain why companies need to change their way of doing business; hence, it recommends the change of their business approach. The research, done with 200 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo, shows there are rather few firms that understand marketing and through it fight competition and strive to establish long-term relationships with their customers.

Current Approaches to Federal E-Government

2011 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
M. E. Chen ◽  
C. K. Davis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Privacy Issues

The U.S. government is making strides to provide electronic access to government agencies and services. A variety of issues are involved when implementing e-government programs such as electronic tax filing, access to drug information, and so forth. Financial, technical, personnel, and legal issues are common. Privacy issues in the creation of e-government are also of interest to both the e-government implementer and citizen. There are a variety of issues in planning and implementing projects of the scope and magnitude of e-government. Issues such as user requirements, organizational change, government regulations, and politics, as well as descriptions of planning and implementation frameworks, are important. Experience in developed countries shows that it is not difficult for people to imagine a situation where all interaction can be done 24 hours each day, 7 days each week. Many countries, including the United States, France, Australia, Greece, Canada, Singapore, and Italy have been offering government services online (West, 2004). According to Sharma and Gupta (2003), Canada, Singapore, and the United States are categorized as “innovative leaders” (p. 34) whose continued leadership in the creation of e-government and more mature online services sets them apart from other countries. Canada leads the way in e-government innovation while Singapore, the United States, Australia, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Finland, Germany, and Ireland are countries in the top-10 list. Several Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Burma have initiated the concept of e-government as well (Dodgson, 2001). An article in Federal Computer Week (Perera, 2004) reported findings of a recent poll indicating that 77% of Internet users (or some 97 million people) in the United States have gone online for government information. E-government is rapidly becoming a key priority of the government of the United States.

scholarly journals Do Budget Deficit Crowds Out Private Investment: A Case of Tanzanian Economy

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Samwel Mwigeka
Keyword(s):  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Budget Deficits ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
High Government ◽  
Johansen Cointegration Test ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors

The existing high budget deficit in Tanzanian economy has created an immense concern among economic policy analysts. The study inspects whether budget deficits crowd out or crowd in private investment in Tanzania, using annual data for the period from 1970 to 2012. Using the Johansen cointegration test advocates there is at least one cointegration vector among these variables. Given such condition, the application vector error correction model (VEC) became inevitable as it presents additional and superior information in relation to other data production processes. The results indicate a close long–term connection between private investment, and other variables included in the study. Results suggest that budget deficits considerably crowds out private investment. The study advocates that government should readdress its fiscal policy that would support the private investors. The government should discourage high government expenditures and maintaining a low fiscal deficit also capital market should be used to finance budget deficit.

Analysis of the Existent Problem and the Policy Suggestions for Chinese New Energy Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 1967-1970
Author(s):  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Existent Problem ◽  
New Situation

After the Financial Crisis, to stave off recession, the United States, the European Union enacted and promulgated a series of policies, those developed countries not only put forward the development of new energy industry as avery important national economic strategy but also make the relevant laws and regulations and policies to ensure a favorable environment for new energy industry. In such a new situation, our country is vigorously promoting the development of new energy sources. But we also meet some problems in the process of develop. This paper discuss the issues regarding the policies and capital bottleneck that appears on the development of new energy industry, calls upon the Government to implement relevant policies of new energy industry as soon as possible and make effort to support the industry development

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-650 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Director General ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
United Nations Educational ◽  
United Arab Republic ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
The Government

The Executive Board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) held its 54th session in Paris, June 1–12, 1959. Under the heading, Execution of the Program, th Board took the following decisions, inter alia:1) to appoint a rapporteur, commissione to follow the successive discussions of the Director-General ‘s reports by the Board, for the purpose of assisting in the preparation of comments by the Board on these reports for information to the General Conference at its forthcoming session; 2) to authorize the Director-General to request the Technical Assistance Committee to contribute for 1960 a sum of $505, 779 toward the Headquarters costs of administering the Technical Assistance Program; 3) to designate twelve Member States— namely, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and the United States—which were to be entitled to appoint a representative for two years on the Intergovernmental Advisory Committee for the Major Project on the Extension of Primary Education in Latin America; 4) to request the Director-General to accept the invitation of the government of Denmark to hold in Denmark in i960 an intergovernmental conference on international oceanographic research and training vessels; 5) to approve the celebration of the anni- 1 Document 54 EX/Decisions, June 22, 1959. For a summary of the 33d session, see International Organization, Spring 1939 (Vol. 13, No. 2), p. 324. versaries of the great personalities (Frederic Chopin and Charles Darwin) listed in one of the documents before the Board; and 6) to authorize the Director-General to signify UNESCO&'s agreement in principle to the proposals by the government of the United Arab Republic concerning international action for the study and protection of the archaeological monuments of Nubia threatened by submergence as a result of the construction of the Aswan High Dam.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Islam Sebagai Grand Design Pendidikan Karakter

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isnaini
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formal Curriculum ◽  
National Education ◽  
Education Agenda ◽  
The Government

Character education is a positive offer in the eradication of moral crises which particularly emerged in our students. Therefore, the internalization of values of character education in the educational institution is a must. As an Islamic education institution in Indonesia, the existence of Boarding school is considered to be able to develop values of character education which may be done through formal or non-formal curriculum. This is so because since its early existence, Boarding school has delineated its distinctive feature which is different from the other common types of education. Here, the implementation of character values have been integrated (within large portion) in the religious subjects. Character education, at least in the discourse, still a potent tool in addressing the arious issues that whack this nation. Not only in Indonesia, even in developed countries such as the United States, Germany, Japan, and, still rely on character education as a mainstay of kick to overcome various moral issues at hand. Character education became very warm issue in the education scene in Indonesia due to the rampant cases of moral that afflicts this nation, ranging from scenes in high State institutions, educational nstitutions until those cases that occur in the streets. The cases allegedly due to the failure of education that has lasted until today. Criticisms of the educational world tends to be mechanical, cognitive aspects than prefer the affective and psychomotor, and a series of spicy criticism more have graced the writings of educational expert. In order to respond to these concerns, the Government now, through the Ministry of education and culture and supported by the Ministry of Religion, raised character education agenda as the national education agenda. Sayang sayang thousand, until now there has been no clear concept of philosophy as well as on the technical implementation. This paper will offer solutions to various problems in philosophy as well as the implementation of character education. The author of the theme of humanist-religious is one of spirits in character education. The reason is that to improve the character of a nation, certainly could not depart from values which do not come from the nation itself. Humanist-religious is a character that belongs to the people of Indonesia so that character education is applied in this country inevitably had to depart from this character. After discussing the philosophy of character education from the perspective of humanist-religious, the author offers some alternatives that are related to the stages of education, learning methods, as well as the position of teachers in character education

scholarly journals The impact of public external debt on private investment. Evidence from Zimbabwe under the multi-currency system.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Nathan Mugumisi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Series Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Export Revenue ◽  
The Impact

The levels of public debt have grown significantly in both emerging and developed countries even during times of peace. The rising levels of debt pose substantial debt sustainability issues to developing countries including Zimbabwe. A defaulting country usually has limited access to new international credit lines or tends to borrow at a higher cost, due to high perceived country risk premium, making the country a less attractive investment destination. Zimbabwe is currently suffering debt distress and has since the year 2000 struggled to service her external debt from international multilateral financial institutions. Zimbabwe’s external debt continues to pile up due to penalties on defaults. This paper examines the impact of public external debt on private investment in Zimbabwe, using quarterly time-series data for the period 2009 and 2017. The period of study was a period of relative stability when Zimbabwe operated under a multicurrency system.  Interest rates, political risk, trade openness and household consumption are control variables of this study. Using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we find that external debt and external debt squared have a negative impact on private investment in the long run. Results suggest that Zimbabwe’s external debt is crowding out private investment.  In the short-term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to apply for debt rescheduling to avoid penalties that have so far contributed to the ballooning of Zimbabwe’s external debt obligations. In the medium term, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to design comprehensive debt and arrears reduction strategies, to reduce Zimbabwe’s external debt to sustainable levels. In the long term, after regaining borrowing rights, we urge the government of Zimbabwe to invest external borrowings in productive ventures, to facilitate debt amortisation. Secondly, we recommend that external debt be invested in education, health and infrastructure, which can potentially stimulate private investment, and thus create a multiplier effect on economic growth. Lastly, we recommend the government to invest foreign loans in sectors where Zimbabwe enjoys a comparative advantage, to ensure reliable export revenue for debt servicing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document