Political Development and Political Decay

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel P. Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Civilized Society

Among the laws that rule human societies,” de Tocqueville said, “there is one which seems to be more precise and clear than all others. If men are to remain civilized or to become so, the art of associating together must grow and improve in the same ratio in which the equality of conditions is increased.”1 In much of the world today, equality of political participation is growing much more rapidly than is the “art of associating together.” The rates of mobilization and participation are high; the rates of organization and institutionalization are low. De Tocqueville's precondition for civilized society is in danger, if it is not already undermined. In these societies, the conflict between mobilization and institutionalization is the crux of politics. Yet in the fast-growing literature on the politics of the developing areas, political institutionalization usually receives scant treatment. Writers on political development emphasize the processes of modernization and the closely related phenomena of social mobilization and increasing political participation. A balanced view of the politics of contemporary Asia, Africa, and Latin America requires more attention to the “art of associating together” and the growth of political institutions. For this purpose, it is useful to distinguish political development from modernization and to identify political development with the institutionalization of political organizations and procedures. Rapid increases in mobilization and participation, the principal political aspects of modernization, undermine political institutions. Rapid modernization, in brief, produces not political development, but political decay.

Political Participation, Institutionalization and Stability in India

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Brass
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
New States

TWENTY YEARS OF BREAKDOWNS IN PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNMENTS; the replacement of competitive political systems by military-bureaucratic regimes throughout Asia and Africa; civil war in Vietnam; the disintegration of Nigeria and the perpetration of genocide in that country, have inspired pessimism among most observers about the future of democratic politics in the new states. It has been suggested that political scientists now turn their attentions to the question of ‘political decay’ as well as to the question of ‘political development’ and that political leaders in the new states concentrate upon building the instruments of political control before engaging in serious economic development and social mobilization, and before permitting political competition and political participation: for, it is argued, rapid increases in economic development, social mobilization, and political participation work against the building and maintenance of strong and stable political institutions in a developing society.

scholarly journals Emerging Latin America

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Leticia Peña ◽  
Dayr Reis
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic

This paper is specially dedicated to the students of management of the world. After outlining the historical, demographic, and physical aspects of Latin America, the authors establish and use a framework to describe and explain the modern economic, social, and political development of this region. The paper is firmly grounded on the historical dimensions of contemporary Latin America. Its background is the context of an exceptionally fast-moving global economy.

Nexus Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Flinders ◽  
Matthew Wood
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Tribal Politics

Existing research on alternative forms of political participation does not adequately account for why those forms of participation at an “everyday” level should be defined as political. In this article we aim to contribute new conceptual and theoretical depth to this research agenda by drawing on sociological theory to posit a framework for determining whether nontraditional forms of political engagement can be defined as genuinely distinctive from traditional participation. Existing “everyday politics” frameworks are analytically underdeveloped, and the article argues instead for drawing upon Michel Maffesoli’s theory of “neo-tribal” politics. Applying Maffesoli’s insights, we provide two questions for operationally defining “everyday” political participation, as expressing autonomy from formal political institutions, and building new political organizations from the bottom up. This creates a substantive research agenda of not only operationally defining political participation, but examining how traditional governmental institutions and social movements respond to a growth in everyday political participation: nexus politics.

Periodization and Party System Institutionalization in Latin America: A Reply to Mainwaring

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
Party System ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Party System Institutionalization ◽  
Partisan Competition

The study of party system institutionalization in Latin America is complicated by the fact that political development in the region has been indelibly marked by period-specific stages and challenges of capitalist development. These periods are associated with distinct patterns of social mobilization, class conflict and political incorporation or exclusion of labour and popular constituencies. These patterns heavily condition the programmatic structuring of partisan competition and its impact on party system institutionalization. Important theoretical insights can be derived from the study of intra-regional variation in period-specific challenges and effects, but this requires careful attention to the factors that differentiate cases.

The challenges facing Latin America in the world today

CEPAL Review ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 (34) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Guillermo Maldonado Lince
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World

Latin America and World Problems: Prospects and Alternatives

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor L. Urquidi ◽  
Vincente Sanchez ◽  
Eduardo Terrazas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article will serve as a commentary on the future of Latin America and on some possible alternatives for the problems facing it while taking worldwide issues and problems into account. It does not claim to formulate or reformulate existing theories on the management and dynamics of the global crisis that threaten the world today. It will, however, go into the premises on which our thinking is based and the various levels of distinction used in approaching these global problems.The basic premise is that the relationship of man in society with nature has progressively deteriorated. Man is an integral part of nature, a fact that is increasingly being ignored. As society has increased in complexity and extent, there has been a growing alienation between man and the natural system of which he is a part. This has resulted in a series of crises between man and nature in areas such as the environment, food, energy, population, and so on, which are only different facets of the global crisis.

Crime Victimization and Political Participation

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
REGINA BATESON
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Exposure To Violence ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Violent Crimes ◽  
The World

Crime victimization is an important cause of political participation. Analysis of survey data from five continents shows that individuals who report recent crime victimization participate in politics more than comparable nonvictims. Rather than becoming withdrawn or disempowered, crime victims tend to become more engaged in civic and political life. The effect of crime victimization is roughly equivalent to an additional five to ten years of education, meaning that crime victimization ranks among the most influential predictors of political participation. Prior research has shown that exposure to violence during some civil wars can result in increased political participation, but this article demonstrates that the effect of victimization extends to peacetime, to nonviolent as well as violent crimes, and across most of the world. At the same time, however, crime victimization is sometimes associated with dissatisfaction with democracy and support for authoritarianism, vigilantism, and harsh policing tactics, especially in Latin America.

Aspects of Community Political Participation in Japan: Sex, Education, and Generation in the Process of Political Socialization

1968 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice ◽  
Yasumasa Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right

One of the historical generalizations one can make about politics in the past several hundred years is that an increasing proportion of the adult population is participating politically everywhere. A group which has gained the right to vote in recent times is women. Political scientists have paid relatively little attention to this largest minority in the world of politics. Women constitute more than one half of the total population in many parts of the world today, yet the differences in sex is treated along with other demographic variables and receives little specific attention by political scientists.

scholarly journals Nossa América interpela a Igreja

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (266) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Pedro Assis Ribeiro de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
America Latina

A importância sociológica da religião não se mede pelo número de seus adeptos, mas por sua capacidade de formar o “clima moral” da sociedade. A América Latina, constituída para ser economicamente explorada pelas metrópoles e ainda na periferia do sistema econômico mundial, vive hoje uma onda de participação política dos setores populares em busca de democracia e de uma outra AL possível. Esses sinais dos tempos interpelam a Igreja católica, onde a pastoral comprometida com os Direitos Humanos e com as lutas populares tem sido contestada por setores conservadores. O V CELAM reafirmará a participação da Igreja na construção desse novo “clima político”, ou se preocupará apenas em aumentar o número de seus membros?Abstract: The sociological significance of religion is not measured by the number of its followers but by its ability to produce a “moral climate” in society. Latin America, still on the periphery of the world economic system and constituted to be economically exploited by the metropolises is currently experiencing a wave of political participation on the part of the most popular sectors of society in search of real democracy and of other possibilities for Latin America. These signsofthetimes are challenging the Catholic Church where the pastoral committed to the popular struggle and to Human Rights is being contested by the conservative sectors. Will the 5th Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM) reaffirm the Church’s participation in the construction of this new “political climate” or will it only be concerned with expanding its membership?

The 1965 Congressional Election in Chile: An Analysis

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orville G. Cope
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Congressional Election ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Emerging Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
Election System ◽  
American Nation ◽  
Complex Subject

Political scientists have embarked upon the creation of “grand theories” of “political development” and “modernization” in the emerging nations of the world in an effort to explain the changing nature of various political systems. Applications of these theories to Latin America have been relatively recent. However, lack of sufficient scientifically verified data about Latin American social and political phenomena still exists, thus making generalized theories about political development inconclusive. This study is an attempt to provide an analysis of a national congressional election in a Latin American nation, Chile. A description of the legitimacy of Chile's changing election system and an examination of the issues and voting results of the 1965 congressional election serve as important points of entry into the complex subject of political development in one nation of Latin America.

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