From One Generation to the Next: Changes in Fertility, Family Size Preferences, and Family Planning in an Indian State between 1951 and 1975

A cross sectional study about the relationships between family size and marital age and the impact of educatimt, occupation and family planning programme was conducted in the region of South Tapanuli North Sumatera. The study was performed on 246 married couples by simple random sampling of households in the villages Pakantea, Tamiang, Muarasoro and Sumuran, during the period of September 25 up to October 3, 1982. The eariiest age of marriage for women was 14 years, ancl the latest 20 years. Most of the women (68%) married at 15-20 year. The main education of responders were primary school (67%). The occupational status was mostly (90%) farmer. The mean family size under 20 years old was 6.3 and over 20 years, 5.3. Fertility rate under 20 years was still high. Family Planning was not yet widely accepted in this area.

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Planning a family in Nairobi’s informal settlements: results of a qualitative study

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932019000452 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 286-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Catriona A. Towriss ◽

Donatien Beguy ◽

Alison Wringe ◽

Barwako Hassan Hussein ◽

Ian M. Timæus

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Focus Group ◽

Family Size ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Present Moment ◽

High Fertility ◽

Focus Group Discussions ◽

Group Discussions ◽

Childbearing Intentions

AbstractChildbearing intentions among women in high-fertility contexts are usually classified into those wanting to have a baby, those wanting to ‘space’ a birth and those wanting to ‘limit’ their family size. However, evidence from Africa increasingly suggests that women’s intentions are more complex than this classification suggests, and that there is fluidity in these intentions. This research explores women’s accounts of their childbearing intentions and decisions in order to examine how this fluidity plays out in a low-fertility context in urban Africa. Six focus group discussions were conducted in April and May 2012 with women of reproductive age in Nairobi, Kenya. Participants were recruited using random and purposive sampling techniques. The focus group discussions had an average of seven participants each. Data were coded thematically and analysed using Nvivo software. The analysis explored the factors that women consider to be influential for childbearing and found that the health of the mother and child, costs of raising a child and relationships were commonly reported to be important. Evidence of intentions to space births and limit family size was found. However, the data also showed that there is fluidity in women’s family planning intentions, driven by changes in relationships or household finances, which often result in a desire to avoid pregnancy in the present moment. The fluidity observed in women’s childbearing intentions cannot be accounted for by the concepts of either ‘spacing’ or ‘limitation’ but is best explained by the concept of ‘postponement’. The research reveals the need for family planning clinics to provide a full method mix, as well as high-quality counselling, to enable women to choose a method that best suits their needs.

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Family planning in Lae urban area of Papua New Guinea 1981

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932000015042 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 269-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William K. A. Agyei

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Urban Area ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

Family Size ◽

Contraceptive Use ◽

New Guinea ◽

Ideal Family Size ◽

Ideal Family ◽

High Level ◽

The Ideal

SummaryA summary of 298 male and 358 female respondents in the Lae urban area of Papua New Guinea in 1981 revealed a relatively high level of contraceptive awareness, but the level of contraceptive use is low. However, the overall current usages of non-traditional methods for the wives of the male and for the female respondents are 34–2% and 37% respectively. The male and the female respondents have the same views on the ideal family size—approximately three children.

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Family size, fertility preferences, and sex ratio in China in the era of the one child family policy: results from national family planning and reproductive health survey

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.38775.672662.80 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 333 (7564) ◽

pp. 371-373 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

Qu Jian Ding ◽

Therese Hesketh

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Reproductive Health ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Family Size ◽

Health Survey ◽

Family Policy ◽

Fertility Preferences ◽

National Family ◽

National Family Planning ◽

The One

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Gender Norms and Family Planning Practices Among Men in Western Jamaica

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988314543792 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 307-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melonie M. Walcott ◽

John Ehiri ◽

Mirjam C. Kempf ◽

Ellen Funkhouser ◽

Marion Bakhoya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Family Size ◽

Gender Norms ◽

Unwanted Pregnancy ◽

Large Family ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Large Family Size ◽

And Gender

The objective of this study was to identify the association between gender norms and family planning practices among men in Western Jamaica. A cross-sectional survey of 549 men aged 19 to 54 years attending or visiting four government-operated hospitals was conducted in 2011. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, intention to have a large family size (three or more children), and fathering children with multiple women. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from the models. Reduced odds for taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy among men with moderate (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) and high (AOR = 0.3; 95% CI = 0.1-0.6) support for inequitable gender norms was observed. Desiring large family size was associated with moderate (AOR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.3-2.5) and high (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.5-4.3) support for macho scores. For men with two or more children (41%), there were increased odds of fathering children with multiple women among those who had moderate (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.0-4.4) and high (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.1-5.6) support for masculinity norms. Support for inequitable gender norms was associated with reduced odds of taking steps to prevent unwanted pregnancy, while support for masculinity norms was associated with desiring a large family size and fathering children with multiple women. These findings highlight the importance of including men and gender norms in family planning programs in Jamaica.

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