Black Consciousness and Political Participation: The Missing Link

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Shingles
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Black Consciousness ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Politically Active

Recent research has demonstrated that black Americans are far more politically active than whites of similar socioeconomic status. The difference has been related to black consciousness. Yet the reasons for this relationship have not been adequately explained. Starting with the work of Gurin and Gamson, this article theorizes that black consciousness contributes to political mistrust and a sense of internal political efficacy which in turn encourages policy-related participation. The relationship between the two attitudes and policy-related behavior is demonstrated to be conditional. The conditions favor blacks more than whites. What I shall call the Gamson-Gurin thesis is supported by data from Verba's and Nie's 1967 survey of the American public. The thesis, and its derivations, prove useful in clarifying the scope and nature of black participation in the American political process as well as helping us to understand how individuals in general select one mode of participation over another and how the choice varies by race and social class.

“Mind the gap”: to succeed in marketing politics, think of social media innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Patrick Amfo Anim ◽  
Frederick Okyere Asiedu ◽  
Matilda Adams ◽  
George Acheampong ◽  
Ernestina Boakye
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Political Marketing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Young Voters ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationships between political marketing via social media and young voters’ political participation in Ghana. Additionally, this study examines the mediating role political efficacy plays in enhancing the relationship. Design/methodology/approach With a positivist mindset, and adopting the survey strategy, data gathered from the questionnaire administered from the sampled 320 young voters (18-29 years) in Greater Accra were quantitatively analyzed. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to assess and confirm the proposed scales validity and the relationships of the research model. Findings The study revealed that a political party or candidate’s ability to achieve political participation from Ghanaian young voters’ is dependent on how effective they build customer relationship or gaining visibility through social media. In addition, the study showed that political efficacy mediates the relationship between customer relationship building or gaining visibility through social media and political participation among Ghana young voters. Thus, young voters in Ghana must see themselves to have a say in the affairs of political parties through the political messages they gather from social media platforms to enhance their political participation activities. Practical implications The results of this paper will enable political marketers and politicians not only in Ghana but across the globe, to better understand how social media as a communication tool could be used to positively influence users’ political participation. Originality/value Considering the uniqueness of this study in a Ghanaian context, this paper is the first of its kind to use the social capital theory in examining the mediating role political efficacy plays in enhancing the relationship between political marketing on social media and young voters’ political participation.

scholarly journals Investigating the Effect of Personal Mediators on the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Political Participation

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Seyed Javad Emamjomeza ◽  
Mahmoodreza Rahbargazi ◽  
Zohre Marandi ◽  
Hoseyn Ruhani
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
The Relationship

Mobilisierung zu politischer Partizipation durch das Internet: Erwartungen, Erkenntnisse und Herausforderungen der Forschung

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Escher
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Politically Active

AbstractThis article is focusing on the state of research into the extent to which the opportunities for information, communication and participation opened up by the Internet have led to greater mobilisation of the public for political participation. After briefly presenting the diversity of conflicting expectations towards the Internet’s role for the political process, the article discusses the relevance of digital media as a means for mobilising greater and more equal political participation from a liberal-representative perspective on democracy. At the core of the article is a discussion of the last 15 years of research empirically testing the mobilisation hypothesis as well as the theories proposed to explain the observed participation patterns. What becomes dear is that the Internet does indeed slightly increase rates of political participation but with few exceptions those newly mobilised come from parts of the population that are already politically active. At the same time, the explanations still exhibit considerable gaps that remain to be dosed. To this end future research needs to address a number of challenges which are discussed in the final section of the article.

scholarly journals Nonelectoral Participation in Deeply Divided Societies: Transforming Consociations from the Ground Up?

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Timofey Agarin
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Context Shapes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Decision Making

Abstract Premised on elite accommodation, consociations provide little consideration for citizens’ input on institutional change. Likewise, valuable analyses of cross-community political participation in divided societies have emerged in recent years, yet whether the relationship between the grassroot and formal political process has broader consequences remains to be fully explored. The article examines the conditions in which nonelectoral participation takes place and the ways in which actors involved therein negotiate constraints for continuous cross-community mobilization. The structure of political systems and the nature of deep divisions in Northern Ireland and Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina invite a comparison of the consequences of nonelectoral political participation in these two illustrative case studies. The article concludes that while the formal political context shapes the likelihood of engagement on a cross-community basis, whether nonelectoral participation changes the structure of political decision-making depends on the willingness and ability of those involved to cooperate with formal institutional politics.

Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Carew Boulding ◽  
Claudio A. Holzner
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Politically Active

The concluding chapter considers the implications of the book’s findings for the health and stability of democracy in the region and for future research. Democracy is not strong unless the voices of all people are heard and considered equally by those in power. Political equality obviously affects representation and accountability, and also impacts public policies that are likely to be more responsive to the needs of all citizens where the poor are politically active. The chapter reflects on the limitations of socioeconomic status (SES) and resource-based theories of political participation that emphasize individual-level factors and attitudes and advocates for more comparative analyses of political behavior that takes institutional factors seriously in explaining who participates and in which political activities.

The genetics of political participation, civic duty, and political efficacy across cultures: Denmark and the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klemmensen ◽  
Peter K Hatemi ◽  
Sara Binzer Hobolt ◽  
Inge Petersen ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Civic Duty ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies have shown that variation in political attitudes and participation can be attributed to both genes and the environment. This finding raises the question of why genes matter to participation, and by which pathways. Two hypotheses suggest that feelings of civic duty and sense of political efficacy intermediate the relationship between genes and political participation and, thus, that these traits have a common heritable component. If so, how robust are the relationships across cultural contexts? Utilizing two new twin studies on political traits, one in Denmark and one in the United States, we show that the heritability of political participation and political efficacy is remarkably similar across cultures. Moreover, most of the covariation between efficacy and political participation is accounted for by a common underlying genetic component.

The Political Incorporation of Undocumented Youth

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom K Wong ◽  
Angela S García ◽  
Carolina Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Political Incorporation ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Undocumented Youth ◽  
Organizational Membership ◽  
The Many ◽  
Immigrant Political Incorporation ◽  
Politically Active

AbstractThis article develops and empirically tests a model of political incorporation for undocumented youth in the United States, focusing on nonvoting forms of political engagement. Using one of the first nationwide surveys of undocumented millennials between the ages of 18 and 35 (n = 1,472), we show that (1) undocumented youth express much higher levels of political efficacy and participation than the literature on immigrant political incorporation leads us to expect, (2) membership in organizations that work on immigration-related issues is a main determinant of this sense of political efficacy, and (3) through mediation analysis, that organizational membership (the mediator) influences how political efficacy affects political participation, and not the other way around. The literature on immigrant political incorporation is vast, but precedent studies too often focus on formal acts of political participation, such as naturalization and voting, by those with lawful immigration status. With an analytical focus on youth without lawful immigration status, this article contributes to theoretical and empirical knowledge about how and to what extent undocumented youth become politically active and engaged despite the many obstacles that exist to their formal participation in politics.

Political Culture, Political Structure and Political Change

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Pateman
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Efficacy ◽  
Civic Culture ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Sense Of Efficacy ◽  
The Relationship

In The Civic Culture, perhaps the best known study of political culture, Almond and Verba say that ‘the relationship between political culture and political structure [is] one of the most significant researchable aspects of the problem of political stability and change’. I want to look at the way this relationship has been treated in one particular area, an area very relevant to questions of political stability and change in our own society; that is, in studies of political participation and apathy, especially research into the sense of political efficacy or competence. This is the area with which The Civic Culture itself is largely concerned, and it is now well established that individuals low in a sense of political efficacy tend to be apathetic about politics; indeed, Almond and Verba consider the sense of efficacy or competence to be a ‘key political attitude’.

scholarly journals Subjective Economic Inequality Decreases Emotional Intelligence, Especially for People of High Social Class

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110240
Author(s):  
Anita Schmalor ◽  
Steven J. Heine
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
High Social Class ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Difference

Across five studies (three preregistered; N = 2,481), we investigated two effects as follows: (1) Is higher subjective economic inequality associated with a decreased ability to accurately identify emotions (emotional intelligence)? When inequality is high, people are less focused on others and may thus be less motivated to correctly identify their emotions. (2) Is this main effect of subjective inequality qualified by an interaction with socioeconomic status (SES)? Past research suggests that high SES leads to lower emotional intelligence because people of higher SES are less dependent on others and thus less motivated to identify their emotions. When perceiving higher inequality, high SES individuals should feel even more self-reliant, thereby exacerbating the difference in emotional intelligence between people of low and high SES. We provide empirical support in three out of five studies for the first and in four out of five studies for the second hypothesis. An internal meta-analysis supported both hypotheses.

scholarly journals Class, Gender, and Rhoticity: The Social Stratification of Non-Prevocalic /r/ in Edinburgh Speech

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Dickson ◽  
Lauren Hall-Lew
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Analysis Of Variation ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the prominence of socioeconomic status as a factor in models of English variation, few studies have explicitly considered speakers whose social class status changed over their lifetime. This paper presents an auditory and acoustic analysis of variation in non-prevocalic /r/ among middle-aged adults from Edinburgh, Scotland. The speakers represent three groups: the Established Middle Class (EMC) and the Working Class (WC), both of which are characterized as socioeconomically non-mobile, and a third group we call the New Middle Class (NMC), comprising individuals born to working-class families and living middle-class lives at the time of data collection. The results demonstrate that realizations of /r/ have a significant correlation with socioeconomic status, and that the effect of class further interacts with gender. NMC speakers demonstrate the highest level of rhoticity of all three groups. In contrast, WC men show extensive derhoticization and deletion, while WC women show patterns of rhoticity that are more comparable to the NMC women. The EMC speakers show more non-rhoticity than either the NMC speakers or the WC women. A consideration of the indexical value of weak rhoticity highlights the need for more robust phonetic measures distinguishing non-rhoticity from derhoticization, and to that end we consider the cue of post-vocalic frication. Overall, the results point to the need to conceptualize socioeconomic status as potentially fluid and changeable across the lifespan, thereby improving models of the relationship between social class and linguistic variation.

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