Military Advancement: The Visibility Theory of Promotion

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 452-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Moore ◽  
B. Thomas Trout
Keyword(s):  
Military Organization ◽  
Promotion System ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Promotion Process ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This article examines the dynamics of military promotion and explores its consequences both for individual officers and for military organization. The central argument is that performance, while a necessary standard for acceptability into a rather large pool of officers from which the elite will emerge, is nonetheless a minor influence on promotion and becomes even less discriminating as an officer's career progresses, whereas visibility–the extent to which an individual has developed contacts with peers and superiors who can influence his movement in the organization–begins moderately and eventually becomes the dominant influence. To present this argument, the article first examines the prevailing concepts of performance and seniority and outlines an expanded model of the promotion process. The component variables of that model are applied to three separate military career levels–junior, middle-grade and senior officers–and are traced longitudinally through the entire officer career pattern. Finally, the impact of contextual factors on the model, particularly the differences between wartime and peacetime, is discussed and illustrated with data from general officer promotion in the army. The implications of this theory are significant for civil control of the military. Through the control of access to the elite nucleus represented by the promotion system, especially with the emphasis on visibility, the military is able to sustain a high degree of autonomy. By the time Congress or other civilian actors are able to exercise selection of the military elite, the promotion system has already preselected those individuals who most highly represent military values held by preceding leaders.

scholarly journals The Impact of Toxic Leadership in Theater of Operations – Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Cristian Ene ◽  
Alexandru Baboș ◽  
Marius Bucurenciu
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe toxic leadership point out damaging attitudes and behaviours which can affect leaders’ personal traits resulting severe damage to the organization and its subordinates. Given the multinational environment from a theatre of operations, what might be toxic for the military in one country might be accepted in another one, taking into consideration the discrepancies between cultures. No matter their cultural background or their national particularities, the toxic leaders reduce the effectiveness of the organization and of it’s operations. This article wants to highlight, from an analytical approach, the existing types of toxic leaders and their impact to the military organization in Afghanistan theatre of operations.

Military Radicals, 1790–1850

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
Nick Mansfield
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Political Careers ◽  
Junior Officers ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is a detailed chronological description and analysis of the military and political careers of important early nineteenth century soldier and ex-soldier activists, both rank and file and junior officers. This covers late eighteenth century military radicals, and the impact of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, through to popular reforming movements like Owenism, co-operation and Chartism. It makes a special study of the influential Napier Brothers, who were successful senior officers and committed political radicals. This all forms a unique and untold story of ‘military radicals’.

scholarly journals Opinions on the Contribution of the Bio-Psycho-Physical Component in Military Confrontations Carried Out in Extreme Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Robert Stănciulescu ◽  
Lucian Tarnu
Keyword(s):  
Training System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Complex Training ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The adaptation of the fighter to the combat situations within the different missions, as well as the need to face any request coming up during the confrontations, imposes an extremely complex training system. Having an essential role in combat, the fighter must acquire qualities both in terms of mental, biological and physical features. Due to the threats that hang over the fighters at any time in this type of conflicts, the emphasis in their training is aimed at training in conditions as close to the existing reality as possible, with a focus on the impact that the battlefield has on his psyche and physique, so that at the same time he can adapt his systems of action of the body to the requirements of any nature imposed by each mission. The paper highlights that the process of training this type of fighters includes, among the training pillars, physical and mental training as a support for exceptional training and effective exercise of roles and missions entrusted to the military organization in peacetime, in situations of crisis and especially at war. In the economics of the formative process, physical and mental training represents the essence of a high level of acquiring the qualities specific to the successful conduct of combat, a fact for which their development has been and will always remain a priority objective throughout the continuous training of fighters.

scholarly journals Specific Elements of Marketing in the Recruitment and Selection of Human Resources Process in Romanian Army

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Mihai-Bogdan Alexandrescu
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military ◽  
Interest And Motivation ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The issue of recruiting a quality human resource appears to be, more or less, a universal one, and it is not just an issue for the United States of America but also for Europe, as the modern armies are confronting with difficulties in recruiting and retaining military personnel. The reasons are generated by the changes of the values in civil society, as well as by the fact that the interest and motivation of joining the army are declining, especially among young people. The competition between the private labor market and the military organization is increasing due to the high level of education of the younger generation and the unemployment rate. Increasing the confidence of the population towards the army and emphasizing the its role of employer determine the connection with the young people, especially for stimulating the desire and attracting them to the military profession.

scholarly journals Organizational identification, commitment and orientations of professional military personnell

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Todorovic ◽  
Milanko Cabarkapa ◽  
Milica Tosic-Radev ◽  
Ines Miladinovic
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Civil Sector ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Military

Background/Aim. All military organizations seek such employees who will advocate for the organization's mission and act responsibly in the direction of achieving the objectives of operational and working groups to which they belong. Accordingly, the primary task of the military organization management is not only the cultivation of the members who would be committed to the organization, but also the officers and soldiers who identify with the organizational mission. The aim of this study was to examine differences in organizational identification, commitment to the organization and organizational orientations of the professional military personnel and employees in service and administrative activities. Methods. The research sample consisted of 450 respondents, of whom 150 were professional soldiers, 150 civilian employees in the service sector and 150 employees in the civil sector in administration. For statistical analysis of the data, the analysis of variance and canonical discriminant analysis were used. Results. Professional military personnel was characterized by a high degree of both organizational commitment and organizational identification, compared with employees in the civil sector - service and administrative activities. Through the process of canonical discriminant analysis, it was found that the professional military personnel are different from the other personnel in the sense that they identify with their colleagues and they feel a high degree of loyalty to the military organization, as key aspects of organizational identification. In addition, professional military personnel have pronounced affective commitment to the organization. Conclusion. Human resources are the key and the essential factor of advantage in the context of strong competitiveness in the field of military defense's reality. Given that they are more adaptable and flexible, compared with the technological and structural resources, a high degree of experienced similarity with the other members of the organization, pronounced loyalty and affective commitment to the organization, to a large extent guarantee new successes and the progress of the military organization.

scholarly journals Calculation of prestressed structures for shock loading

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 482-495
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Lalin ◽  
Olga N. Pertseva ◽  
Vladimir R. Kamaltdinov ◽  
Gleb V. Martynov ◽  
Daria E. Monastyreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Loading ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Classical Calculation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Aircraft Crash ◽  
Prestressed Structures

Introduction. With the use of prestressing, coatings are made for special-purpose buildings, requiring calculations for extreme impacts. Such impacts include an airplane strike. Modeling of prestressed structures and calculation of shock loads is difficult to implement in classical calculation programs. A universal tool for solving such problems is the PC SOFiSTIK. This software complex allows you to interact with the most modern software solutions. Materials and methods. For the description of the method, special-purpose coating was selected and the strike calculation of the Learjet 23 aircraft was performed. For modeling prestressing, the SOFIPLUS interface is used. To describe the impact, the internal programming language CADINP is used. Results. The nature of the change in the coating deformations in the first seconds of the aircraft crash is presented graphically. Also, iso-ares of internal bending moments of the coating were derived for the selection of reinforcement and the diagram of the moments of the beams from the action of prestressing, taking into account tension losses. Conclusions. SOFiSTIK PC allows you to solve complex engineering problems with a high degree of automation. Thanks to the open source code, it becomes possible to calculate atypical extreme effects. The obtained graphs and diagrams confirm the passage of checks on the limiting states of the coating, and can also be used to design and calculate similar special-purpose structures.

SELECTION OF BEHAVIORAL STRATEGIES FOR OBJECT MANAGEMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF SITUATIONAL CHANGES IN THEIR STATES

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
S.A. Bagrezov ◽  
A.B. Palitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Financial Economic ◽  
Behavioral Strategy ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industry Associations ◽  
Selection Of

In relation to the tasks of active counteraction to the dangers and threats of technogenic, military, socio-political and financial-economic character in the objects of management (for example, industry associations of the military-industrial complex), the activity of the management (in a generalized representation, the decision-maker (LPR) in order to choose the most optimal behavioral strategy (strategies) of the LPR in relation to scenarios of emergency situations that are the consequence of the impact on the management of these types of hazards and threats. It is proposed to use formal-logical methods to select strategies.

The Origins and Development of the Penannular Brooch in Europe

1960 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 149-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Personal Reason ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
Roman World ◽  
Minor Factor ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Military ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is in a sense a by-product of a detailed study of ‘Dark Age’ metalwork and grew out of the realization that any interpretation of post-Roman history depends on an understanding of the archaeology of Roman and Iron Age Britain. For too long, the post-Roman world has been regarded as separate from the preceding periods, and has been seen mainly through aesthetic spectacles. Recent studies of the pottery of the period have to some extent corrected the perspective hitherto largely based on subjective and even nationalistic examinations of the better known art and metalwork. To make a new and comparable survey of the metalwork seemed worthwhile, and in doing this attention was focused on the ordinary, and common, pieces of metalwork which have been overshadowed by the more magnificent and highly decorated pieces. It became evident that in many ways the Roman occupation was not all important but was merely a minor factor in the development of material culture, and that this was particularly true of the Military Province of Britain. The specialist nature of so much of Romano-British archaeology has tended to obscure the continuity of Iron Age culture. It was felt that the selection of one or more pieces of metalwork might illustrate this as well as providing a background for the achievements in metalwork and design in the ‘Dark Ages’.The penannular brooch was chosen as the ‘type-fossil’ for this study because it was the typical and characteristic dress ornament of the Celtic post-Roman world, was equally common in Romano-British contexts and seemed to be native to these islands. A complete run through from Iron Age to Early Christian times has thus been obtained, and it is hoped that deductions drawn from a study of the penannular brooches may be paralleled and applied to other metalwork of the period and so allow general conclusions to be drawn. A more personal reason for selecting the penannular brooch was a desire to investigate the reasons for such a bewildering variety of contradictory opinions on the origin and development of the type.

Developing a Military Cyber Maturity Model for Multi-Domain Battle Mission Resilience and Success

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
David Ormrod ◽  
Benjamin Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Information Assurance ◽  
Maturity Model ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Behavioral Defense ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Modern military forces rely heavily on cyber-enabled systems; for logistics, communication, and control. Modern military platforms are heavily integrated with computing capability. This integration and reliance will only increase over time. Modern military operations require the support of flexible, responsive and resilient cyber-capabilities. Current information system security models and information assurance constructs seek to achieve information assurance, a high degree of certainty in the confidentiality, integrity and availability of cyber-systems supporting combat operations. However, this approach assumes that an information assurance approach is a complete and comprehensive defense. History though, has proven otherwise. This work argues that the information assurance approach, whilst a worthy goal, is not reflective of the lessons of history or warfare. Specifically, this work outlines the need for, and introduces The Military Cyber-Maturity Model, a pragmatic model that assumes a technically capable and intelligent adversary. This model assumes the possibility of an adversary utilizing an unknown vulnerability to attack the system, and expends resources to minimise the impact of the successful attack rather than relying entirely on an impregnable defense. This approach extends beyond the assumption that a cyber-attack immediately causes mission failure, by recognizing that each cyber-attack has different requirements and outcomes and will affect different assets and processes. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model seeks to model business continuity through a high degree of cultural change, embedded work practices that parallel analogue and digital work practices with deceptive counterintelligence behavior. The Military Cyber-Maturity Model incorporates the concepts of behavioral defense and mission assurance to provide agility and increase the likelihood of success in combat. Information deception provides a behavioral defense, creating uncertainty and doubt in the adversary's mind and reducing the degree of trust they have in the information available. This paper introduces the model, outlines its aims, components and justifications. This work also outlines the need for simulation and testing to validate the model's effectiveness, and introduces a number of potential use-cases.

scholarly journals COMMON VALUES OF THE MILITARY ORGANIZATION AND OF THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
Marius Constantin ISTRATE ◽  
Ion BĂLĂCEANU
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Common Values ◽  
Sports Team ◽  
Military Structure ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The military organization, due to its fundamental role in defending and maintaining the sovereignty and security of any state in the world, has undergone a natural evolutionary process. In this process man plays the main role. Thus, the continuous transformation to which the military organization was and is still subjected to, being permanently conditioned by the constantly changing threats and challenges, was achieved simultaneously with human evolution, under the impact of all discoveries and technologies developed and implemented by it. In this article, we will analyze two important areas of human activity, military organization and sports, focusing on finding common values for the two areas and generating relevant answers to the question: Is a sports team equivalent to a military structure?   Keywords: military organization; physical education and sports; common values; connections.

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