Environment, Population Size and Vital Statistics: An Analysis of Demographic Data from 18th Century Villages in the Province of Reggio Emilia (Italy)

Ecology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Carlo Matessi ◽  
Paolo Menozzi
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Reggio Emilia

Conservation of Cape BArren Geese, Cereopsis novaehollandiae, in Tasmania

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
IH Eberhard ◽  
RJ Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Local Farmers

'Cape Barren geese are restricted to the coastline of southern Australia; the Furneaux Group of islands, at the eastern end of Bass Strait, is one of two principal population centres. Population size has fluctuated since Europeans first settled in the Group at the end of the 18th century, as a result of variable predation on birds and eggs and of changes to habitat. Population monitoring began in 1957; numbers of geese appear to have at least doubled up to 1973. During this period large flocks of geese have grazed paddocks of improved pasture on Flinders I., the largest island of the Group, and this had led to outcry from local farmers. Because these geese are widely considered to be a rare species, shooting has prompted significant public concern. This paper describes the development and implementation of a management program to conserve Cape Barren geese in the Furneaux Group, while minimizing real hardships experienced by farmers and improving public understanding of the problem.

The 1789 Life Table of Edward Wigglesworth

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maris A. Vinovskis
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Early America ◽  
Demographic Analysis ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Family Reconstitution

Systematic demographic analysis of early America has been neglected until quite recently. As the interest in and need for demographic data on pre-1800 America have increased during the last five years, efforts have been made to remedy this situation.The most recent studies are utilizing such new techniques as family reconstitution to avoid the problems created by the lack of reliable census data and vital statistics. But these techniques yield results very slowly, and in any case their results are subject to methodological limitations that make it necessary to check them against larger aggregates. For these reasons we need to reexamine the usefulness and accuracy of earlier studies on colonial population that were based on aggregate data. Unfortunately, this latter task has not been adequately carried out during the recent burst of activity among demographers of early America.

scholarly journals SPATIAL DEMOGRAPHIC DATA FOR PLANNING AND RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nai Peng Tey ◽  
Rozita Talha ◽  
Ezatul Nisha Abdul Rahman ◽  
Muhamad Fadzil Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Business Planning ◽  
Resource Reallocation ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Social Statistics ◽  
Small Area Statistics ◽  
Regional Imbalance

In Malaysia, spatial demographic studies are lacking due to data paucity. This exploratory study illustrates the relevance of spatial demographic data for development and business planning at the local level. Data for this study came from Malaysian population censuses, vital statistics reports and social statistics bulletins. Bivariate analyses were performed to present some examples of the potential use of spatial demographic data for more target-oriented planning. Data show that the population in several densely populated districts continues to grow rapidly. Hence, development planning should aim to forestall the exacer-bation of the regional imbalance. Localities with high birth rate and rapid population ageing must be prepared to cope with the changing demographic scenario. The wide variations in pupil-teacher ratio across districts indicate the need for resource reallocation. The under-reporting of births and deaths in the remote areas may result in misallocation of health and educational resources. Comparisons of indictors from different data sources demonstrate data inconsistency and deficiency. This study aims to present a strong case for collecting and disseminating small area statistics to enhance spatial demographic research for socio-economic development, infrastructural, regional and business planning.

scholarly journals Barguzin Buryats: population size, wedding traditions (based on the field research materials of 2018–2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
V. V. Lygdenova ◽  
O. B. Dashinamzhilov
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lena River ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Traditional Performance ◽  
Different Parts

The paper is dedicated to studying the history of population, songs and wedding traditions of the Barguzin Buryats, who live in Barguzin and Kurumkan regions of the Republic of Buryatia. Barguzin Buryats represent the local ethnical group of Buryats who moved from the banks of the Lena River in the 18th century and settled in the Barguzin Valley, where they have lived up to now. Wedding traditions of Buryats were studied by many scholars such as M. N. Khangalov, S. P. Baldayev, K. D. Basaeva, G. R. Galdanova, and others. The paper’s relevance is due to the novel field materials collected by the authors in 2018−2019, including songs, wishes, cliché dialogues, etc. For in- stance, the tradition assumes many cliché dialogues during the ritual of matchmaking, and they are also described in the paper. Also, different fragments of songs for putting on different parts of wedding clothes and accessories are considered. All the songs were collected from the old women living in different villages of Barguzin and Kurumkan regions. They were recorded in the Barguzin dialect of the Buryat language. The songs were sung by their mothers, and the women inherited their traditional performance. The paper summarizes the peculiarities of modern wedding traditions of Barguzin Buryats, with the fragments of songs provided. Each wedding stage is described, and the sequence of actions is specified.

scholarly journals Civil Registration and Vital Statistics as Sources of Socio-Demographic Data for Good Governance in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ukoji V. Ukoji ◽  
Ethelbert Okoronkwo ◽  
Chukwuechefulam K. Imo ◽  
Chidi S. Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Sociodemographic Data

Timely and accurate demographic data, resulting from robust Civil Registration and Vital Statistics [CRVS] systems play critical roles in facilitating the realisation of key developmental goals in most countries. A well-functioning CRVS system can afford Nigeria the ambit to gather timely data for evidence-based policy-making. However, just as in many other developing countries, Nigeria’s CRVS framework is plagued by weak institutional linkages resulting to poor quality sociodemographic data. Therefore, this paper focused on the importance of a robust CRVS system as source of quality sociodemographic data in Nigeria, with the objective of situating it within the broader context of good governance. The paper is primarily theoretical and employed the activity theory to examine access to and use of population-based data from the CRVS system for good governance. This paper concludes that the inability to generate actionable and quality population-based data due to Nigeria’s weak CRVS system, as well as non-data driven socioeconomic policies hinders good governance. Therefore, more investments are needed to scale-up Nigeria’s CRVS system and the resulting sociodemographic data should be a priority in driving national policy-making for good governance.

Town and Country in nineteenth-century germany: A review of urban-rural differentials in demographic behavior

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Knodel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Industrial Societies

In recent decades historians have become increasingly interested in utilizing the approaches of quantitative social sciences to aid their understanding of the past. One aspect of social life that lends itself well to quantitative study is demographic behavior and indeed historical demography has been flourishing. Although the questions posed by social historians inevitably transcend purely demographic issues, a firm knowledge of demographic conditions can be a valuable asset in the pursuit of a broader understanding of society in past times.For the latter part of the nineteenth century, a critical period in the transformation of western European populations into modern urban-industrial societies, abundant demographic data are available in the relatively easily accessible published census and vital statistics reports. Because nineteenth-century statisticians and bureaucrats considered the urban-rural division as a fundamental and meaningful delineation of society, statistical bureaus throughout Europe tabulated a large number of statistics, including those derived from censuses and vital registration, according to some scheme of urban-rural classification and frequently provided separate tabulations for individual large cities. In addition, a number of contemporary scholars wrote articles and monographs utilizing these data. * Together these sources can be particularly useful for assessing the differences between urban and rural conditions of life at a time when cities and towns were beginning to claim an increasing share of a country’s population.

scholarly journals Population size and structure of the Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus in the lower Zambezi valley

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Wallace ◽  
Alison J. Leslie ◽  
Tim Coulson ◽  
Audrey S. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Estimate Population Size ◽  
Nile Crocodile ◽  
Zambezi Valley

AbstractConcern has been raised about the lack of population data for the Nile crocodile Crocodylus niloticus in the lower/middle Zambezi valley. This area is important for conservation as well as being a source of crocodile eggs and adults for the ranching industry. Two spotlight surveys, in 2006 and 2009, were used to estimate population size, structure and trends. A stage-structured matrix model was parameterized from existing literature and the expected predictions were compared to those observed. The survey data suggests a population increase since 2006. Crocodile density was greatest (3.1 km−1) in the areas of increased wildlife and habitat protection and lowest (1.4 km−1) in areas of increased human presence. The predicted population stage structure differed to that observed, suggestive of a population not at equilibrium. Data on offtakes of crocodile eggs and adults would be useful for examining why this is the case. Continued monitoring of the wild population is necessary, to evaluate the trend of an increasing crocodile population, and additional demographic data for modelling purposes would be desirable.

On the Potential for Estimating the Effective Number of Breeders From Heterozygote-Excess in Progeny

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Pudovkin ◽  
D V Zaykin ◽  
D Hedgecock
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Effective Population Size ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Heterozygote Excess ◽  
Effective Number Of Breeders ◽  
Age Structured

Abstract The important parameter of effective population size is rarely estimable directly from demographic data. Indirect estimates of effective population size may be made from genetic data such as temporal variation of allelic frequencies or linkage disequilibrium in cohorts. We suggest here that an indirect estimate of the effective number of breeders might be based on the excess of heterozygosity expected in a cohort of progeny produced by a limited number of males and females. In computer simulations, heterozygote excesses for 30 unlinked loci having various numbers of alleles and allele-frequency profiles were obtained for cohorts produced by samples of breeders drawn from an age-structured population and having known variance in reproductive success and effective number. The 95% confidence limits around the estimate contained the true effective population size in 70 of 72 trials and the Spearman rank correlation of estimated and actual values was 0.991. An estimate based on heterozygote excess might have certain advantages over the previous estimates, requiring only single-locus and single-cohort data, but the sampling error among individuals and the effect of departures from random union of gametes still need-to be explored.

The effects of fire on a population of Red-winged Fairy-wrens Malurus elegans in Karri forest in southwestern Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Russell ◽  
I. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Prescribed Burns ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nesting Substrate ◽  
Eucalyptus Diversicolor

In April 1994, an intense fire burnt part of Smith's Brook Nature Reserve near Manjimup, Western Australia where we had studied an individually marked population of the Red-winged Fairy-wren Malurus elegans in Karri Eucalyptus diversicolor forest since 1980. We estimated the population size in a 25 ha area at the start of the breeding season each year 1980?95, including two years post-fire. In the 32 territories present in 1993, the entire area of 26 was almost completely burnt to a height of 10 m, with few remaining unburnt patches. The mean population size for the 13 years 1981?93 was 119 birds in a mean of 29 groups. In November 1993, 126 birds were present in 32 groups. In November 1994, following the April fire, there were 114 birds in 31 groups, but nesting substrate was very scarce, breeding was delayed, and only 0.18 yearling males per group were produced, compared with 0.52 for the years 1981?93. By November 1995, the population had fallen to 73 birds in 23 groups with nine territories vacant. The time necessary for the population to recover to its prefire level was estimated from long-term demographic data to be at least 10 years, longer than the present cycle of 7?9 years for prescribed burns in the southern (Karri) State Forests of Western Australia.

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