Conservation of Cape BArren Geese, Cereopsis novaehollandiae, in Tasmania

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
IH Eberhard ◽  
RJ Pearse
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Improved Pasture ◽  
Local Farmers

'Cape Barren geese are restricted to the coastline of southern Australia; the Furneaux Group of islands, at the eastern end of Bass Strait, is one of two principal population centres. Population size has fluctuated since Europeans first settled in the Group at the end of the 18th century, as a result of variable predation on birds and eggs and of changes to habitat. Population monitoring began in 1957; numbers of geese appear to have at least doubled up to 1973. During this period large flocks of geese have grazed paddocks of improved pasture on Flinders I., the largest island of the Group, and this had led to outcry from local farmers. Because these geese are widely considered to be a rare species, shooting has prompted significant public concern. This paper describes the development and implementation of a management program to conserve Cape Barren geese in the Furneaux Group, while minimizing real hardships experienced by farmers and improving public understanding of the problem.

Pitfalls in using counts of roaring stags to index red deer (Cervus elaphus) population size

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Ciucci ◽  
Gianluca Catullo ◽  
Luigi Boitani
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Type I ◽  
High Type ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Absolute Density

Counting roaring stags during the rut has been proposed as a means to assess deer population size and trends but few, if any, attempts have been made to evaluate the reliability of this technique. By means of a commonly used field protocol, we assessed to what extent relative abundance estimates of red deer (Cervus elaphus) based on roaring-stag counts in the northern Apennines (Italy) were susceptible to exogenous and unpredictable sources of variability. By using up to 26 simultaneous observers in an area of 5218 ha, we estimated densities from 0.45 to 0.61 roaring stags per 100 ha in 3 consecutive years (1992–94), corresponding to annual changes in the number of counted roaring stags ranging from –21% to +35.7%. However, only in two of the three years were seasonal trends and peaks in roaring activity apparent, and timing of the survey was not always synchronous with the roaring peak. In addition, annual and nocturnal variation in roaring activity, and weather conditions during the survey, might have influenced the counts to some extent, probably determining high Type I and Type II error rates. We contend that additional sources of error, associated with unknown demographic and ecological settings, may further increase unreliability of the technique when it is used to estimate absolute density of red deer populations. We conclude by emphasising that managers should not use this method for population monitoring unless they can prove it can yield reliable results.

scholarly journals Vaccine Hesitancy

Vaccines ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Feemster
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases

Questions regarding the benefits of vaccines and their safety have persisted since vaccines were first introduced during the 18th century. As widespread vaccination has caused the prevalence of vaccine-preventable diseases to decrease, public concern for the threat of these diseases has decreased, too. This has...

scholarly journals Barguzin Buryats: population size, wedding traditions (based on the field research materials of 2018–2019)

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
V. V. Lygdenova ◽  
O. B. Dashinamzhilov
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Lena River ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Traditional Performance ◽  
Different Parts

The paper is dedicated to studying the history of population, songs and wedding traditions of the Barguzin Buryats, who live in Barguzin and Kurumkan regions of the Republic of Buryatia. Barguzin Buryats represent the local ethnical group of Buryats who moved from the banks of the Lena River in the 18th century and settled in the Barguzin Valley, where they have lived up to now. Wedding traditions of Buryats were studied by many scholars such as M. N. Khangalov, S. P. Baldayev, K. D. Basaeva, G. R. Galdanova, and others. The paper’s relevance is due to the novel field materials collected by the authors in 2018−2019, including songs, wishes, cliché dialogues, etc. For in- stance, the tradition assumes many cliché dialogues during the ritual of matchmaking, and they are also described in the paper. Also, different fragments of songs for putting on different parts of wedding clothes and accessories are considered. All the songs were collected from the old women living in different villages of Barguzin and Kurumkan regions. They were recorded in the Barguzin dialect of the Buryat language. The songs were sung by their mothers, and the women inherited their traditional performance. The paper summarizes the peculiarities of modern wedding traditions of Barguzin Buryats, with the fragments of songs provided. Each wedding stage is described, and the sequence of actions is specified.

scholarly journals Population monitoring for kangaroo management.

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Pople
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
The Relationship

In wildlife management, the program of monitoring will depend on the management objective. If the objective is damage mitigation, then ideally it is damage that should be monitored. Alternatively, population size (N) can be used as a surrogate for damage, but the relationship between N and damage obviously needs to be known. If the management objective is a sustainable harvest, then the system of monitoring will depend on the harvesting strategy. In general, the harvest strategy in all states has been to offer a quota that is a constant proportion of population size. This strategy has a number of advantages over alternative strategies, including a low risk of over- or underharvest in a stochastic environment, simplicity, robustness to bias in population estimates and allowing harvest policy to be proactive rather than reactive. However, the strategy requires an estimate of absolute population size that needs to be made regularly for a fluctuating population. Trends in population size and in various harvest statistics, while of interest, are secondary. This explains the large research effort in further developing accurate estimation methods for kangaroo populations. Direct monitoring on a large scale is costly. Aerial surveys are conducted annually at best, and precision of population estimates declines with the area over which estimates are made. Management at a fine scale (temporal or spatial) therefore requires other monitoring tools. Indirect monitoring through harvest statistics and habitat models, that include rainfall or a greenness index from satellite imagery, may prove useful.

Quantifying the Efficacy of an Assessment-Based Pest Management (APM) Program for German Cockroach (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) Control in Low-Income Public Housing Units

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Dini M Miller ◽  
Eric P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
German Cockroach ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Management Contracts ◽  
Housing Facilities

Abstract Over the last several decades, low-income public housing facilities have been known to be infested with particularly large German cockroach populations. These populations persist even though the housing pest control contracts often require, and pay for, IPM practices to be used in their facilities. When Virginia Tech researchers began reviewing public housing contracts in Virginia and North Carolina, it was easy to see why these ‘IPM programs’ were not successful. Many of these ‘low-bidder’ contracts do not allow the technician enough time in each apartment to assess the size of the pest population. In addition, these pest management contracts did not require German cockroach population monitoring, even though all IPM programs are based on assessments of the pest population. There was a clear need for an effective, easy to apply cockroach management program in U.S. public housing authorities. This study determined the long-term efficacy of an Assessment-based Pest Management (APM) program for German cockroach control in U.S. public housing facilities. Specifically, we evaluated an APM program where the residents were not asked to clean or prepare for treatment, and where overnight cockroach trap counts were used to determine the volume of gel bait that would be applied. The APM baiting program was conducted for 15 mo in three housing authorities. In all three housing authorities, cockroach populations in test units were typically reduced by >90%. German cockroach infestations were even eliminated from 49 of the 65 (75%) test units during this study.

scholarly journals Comparing Genetic Diversity in Three Threatened Oaks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Emma Suzuki Spence ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Kayri Havens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Geographic Range Size

Genetic diversity is a critical resource for species’ survival during times of environmental change. Conserving and sustainably managing genetic diversity requires understanding the distribution and amount of genetic diversity (in situ and ex situ) across multiple species. This paper focuses on three emblematic and IUCN Red List threatened oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), a highly speciose tree genus that contains numerous rare species and poses challenges for ex situ conservation. We compare the genetic diversity of three rare oak species—Quercus georgiana, Q. oglethorpensis, and Q. boyntonii—to common oaks; investigate the correlation of range size, population size, and the abiotic environment with genetic diversity within and among populations in situ; and test how well genetic diversity preserved in botanic gardens correlates with geographic range size. Our main findings are: (1) these three rare species generally have lower genetic diversity than more abundant oaks; (2) in some cases, small population size and geographic range correlate with genetic diversity and differentiation; and (3) genetic diversity currently protected in botanic gardens is inadequately predicted by geographic range size and number of samples preserved, suggesting non-random sampling of populations for conservation collections. Our results highlight that most populations of these three rare oaks have managed to avoid severe genetic erosion, but their small size will likely necessitate genetic management going forward.

scholarly journals Avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 16764-16774
Author(s):  
Varsha Trivedi ◽  
Sanjay Vaghela
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Ecological Indices ◽  
University Campus ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
Line Transects

We examined the avifauna of Saurashtra University Campus (SUC), Rajkot, Gujarat from July to December 2017.  The study area was divided into four sections: North (N), East (E), South (S) and West (W) and surveyed over 18 visits (four line transects/visit).  We recorded a total of 82 bird species from 67 genera, 40 families and 16 orders.  Of these 57 species were terrestrial and 25 aquatic.  By population size the most abundant birds were members of Columbidae (28%), Sturnidae (13%), and Charadridae (8%).  Seventy per cent of birds observed (n=7665) were classed as very common and 2% (n=261) as very rare.  Species density (S/N = 3.39) and population density (n/N = 196) were at their maximum in December.  Ecological indices on temporal base reveal high species richness and Simpson diversity (1/D =17.0 and 1-D= 0.942) in August and November and Shannon diversity was high (H’=3.275) in November during study period.  

scholarly journals Population size of the Common Quail Coturnix coturnix at Ljubljansko barje decreased in the last twenty years by half, perhaps even (much?) more

Acrocephalus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (170-171) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Davorin Tome ◽  
Al Vrezec ◽  
Špela Ambrožič ◽  
Andrej Kapla
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Monitoring Protocol ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Quail ◽  
Ljubljansko Barje ◽  
Central Slovenia

Abstract In 2015, we used the same method as in the 1989-1996 period to count calling males of the Common Quail Coturnix coturnix in selected 1x1 km squares of Ljubljansko barje (central Slovenia). We counted 39 males, which is 87% less compared to the survey 20 years ago. Quails were found in 56% fewer squares. Since Quail populations are known to fluctuate greatly between years, we think that the most realistic long-term estimate for population decline would be somewhere between 50 to 90%. We detected that within only one week males stopped calling in some squares, while in others they began calling although they had not been detected there before, indicating possible relocations. This dynamics should be considered when designing a population monitoring protocol for the Quail.

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