A Connecting Pot Technique for Root Competition Investigations Between Woody Plants or Between Woody and Herbaceous Plants

Ecology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Whitcomb ◽  
Eliot C. Roberts ◽  
Roger Q. Landers
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Pot Technique

Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) of Latvia: an annotated checklist

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4629 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-236
Author(s):  
ARTURS STALAŽS ◽  
INĀRA TURKA
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Eriophyoid Mite ◽  
Damage Symptoms

A bibliographical checklist of eriophyoid mites reported from Latvia is compiled. To date, 67 eriophyoid mite species associated with more than 29 plant genera have been recorded from Latvia. Many eriophyoid mite species previously reported in the literature were based on damage symptoms only rather than mite morphology. Some species records did not involve collecting and identifying actual specimens. To date, the majority of eriophyoid species documented from Latvia are associated with ornamental and wild woody plants with low commercial significance. Only damage caused by several Cecidophyopsis species, the pests of blackcurrants and redcurrants, is considered to be of economic significance, although in recent years Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessart) has become a problem in plum orchards. Eriophyoid mites inhabiting herbaceous plants in Latvia have been poorly studied as only five species have been described. The present study shows that major revision is necessary for many of the eriophyoid mite species previously recorded. 

The Influence of Woody and Herbaceous Competition on Early Growth of Naturally Regenerated Loblolly and Shortleaf Pines

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Four levels of competition control were used to study the response of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Treatments included: (1) Check (no competition control), (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. Herbaceous plants were controlled for 4 consecutive years, and woody plants were controlled for 5 years. Control of herbaceous vegetation resulted in significant increases in pine height, groundline diameter (GLD), and volume per tree. Control of only woody competition did not improve pine growth compared to untreated checks. After 5 years, pines on total control plots had significantly larger GLDs and significantly more volume per tree compared to pines on any other treatment. Pine growth gains were achieved with herbaceous competition control and total control of nonpine vegetation although these two treatments averaged 4,000 more pines/ac, in trees taller than 5 ft, than the other two treatments. Results of this investigation represent a unique standard of pine growth to which operational treatments might be compared. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):179-185.

Root competition, not soil compaction, restricts access to soil resources for aspen on a reclaimed mine soil

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon W. Bockstette ◽  
Bradley D. Pinno ◽  
Miles F. Dyck ◽  
Simon M. Landhäusser
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Belowground Competition ◽  
Deep Tillage

Restricted rooting space in response to soil compaction and belowground competition with herbaceous plants are two main limiting factors for successful reforestation after surface mining. Fine-textured, nutrient-rich soils with adequate soil moisture are particularly susceptible to both of these concerns and while there are recognized ways to manage competition, attempts to alleviate soil compaction through mechanical means have produced varying results. While roots of some herbaceous plants may penetrate compacted soil layers, possibly offering an alternative means to overcome physical restrictions, these potential benefits need to be weighed against negative effects from competition with planted trees. We examined the individual and combined impact of soil decompaction (deep tillage) and management of competing vegetation (herbicide) on soil properties, resource availability, and above- and below-ground growth of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings on a reconstructed mine soil affected by severe subsoil compaction. Our findings suggest that although deep tillage reduced bulk density, this did not increase resource availability and had limited effect on seedling growth. In contrast, competition with smooth brome grass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) drastically reduced aspen belowground growth because the grass rapidly occupied available rooting space, while simultaneously lowering the availability of water and nutrients, in particular nitrogen.

scholarly journals COENOFLORA OF ADONIS VERNALIS L. IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (383) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Sultangazina ◽  
А. N. Kuprijanov ◽  
О. А. Kuprijanov ◽  
R. S. Beyshov
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Meadow Steppe ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Ephemeral Species

The current article presents the results of the study made on Adonis vernalis L. coenoflora of Northern Kazakhstan. The materials have been obtained in the course of field research considering the literary data. The list of Adonis vernalis L. flora discovered in Northern Kazakhstan is based on detailed route studies. The coenoflora of Adonis vernalis L. in Northern Kazakhstan includes 140 species belonging to 31 families and 96 genera. The leading families are Artemisia, Veronica, Achillea, Galatella, Lathyrus, Potentilla, Seseli, Silene. The majority of species belongs to perennial species, annuals and biennials are represented by six species, and there is only one ephemeral species. Woody and semi-woody plants are represented by three trees, five shrubs and one semishrub. Among the herbaceous plants there are more long-rooted and stem-rooted species. The coenoflora mainly consists of mesophytes (68 species) and xeromesophytes (57 species). There are 15 species of xerophytes, which makes 10,7%. A little number of xerophytes proves meadow and meadow-steppe nature of the coenoflora.

scholarly journals Increasing aridity may reduce productivity and soil organic carbon storage with woody plant encroachment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhua Liu ◽  
Junhui Cheng ◽  
Bernhard Schmid ◽  
Jiandong Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Woody Plant Encroachment ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Arid Grasslands ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Aims We have found a positive effect of woody plants on total plant carbon (C) storage in less arid grassland was shifted to a negative effect in arid grasslands in Xinjiang, a typical arid region in China. In this study, we further assessed the effects of woody plants on aboveground primary productivity (ANPP) and soil organic C (SOC) storage and explored the mediation of climate conditions on these effects. We also aimed to elucidate the reasons for the effects on SOC storage in terms of ANPP and belowground biomass C (BGC). Methods We compared the difference in ANPP and SOC content between pure and wooded grasslands and evaluated the relation between SOC content and ANPP and BGC in six grassland types along the altitude (climatic) gradients. Results In three arid types, woody plants had a negative effect on ANPP due to their more negative impacts on herbaceous plants and lower ANPP. The negative effect on ANPP and BGC led to that on SOC storage in these types. In less arid types, there had a positive effect on ANPP because woody plants had weaker negative impacts on herbaceous plants and higher ANPP. A positive effect on ANPP combined with a neutral impact on BGC contributed to a positive effect on SOC storage in these types. Conclusions Woody plants had a negative effect on ANPP and SOC storage in most arid grasslands in Xinjiang. We predicted that increasing aridity may reduce ANPP and SOC storage with woody plant encroachment in the future.

HEMITHEA AESTIVARIA, A GEOMETRID NEW TO NORTH AMERICA, ESTABLISHED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE: GEOMETRINAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miktat Doǧanlar ◽  
Bryan P. Beirne
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Institute

Hemithea aestivaria, “the common emerald” in Britain, is common throughout most of Europe and in Eastern Asia. The larva feeds on many herbaceous plants before hibernation and on a wide variety of woody plants in the spring.Forty of the distinctively-marked larvae were collected on cherry, apple, wild plum, and species of Rubus and Crataegus at Burnaby, New Westminister, and Langley, in British Columbia, between 1.IV.78 and 18.V.78. A sample reared produced a male that was identified by Dr. K. B. Bolte, Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, as of Hemithea aestivaria, a species and genus apparently not recorded previously from North America.

Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (NA) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena L. Zvereva ◽  
Marja Roitto ◽  
Mikhail V. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Point Polluters ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Identification of factors explaining diversity in plant responses to industrial pollution is crucial for predicting fates of polluted ecosystems. Meta-analysis based on 203 publications demonstrated that plants growing near point polluters showed similar decreases in characters reflecting growth (–13.1%) and reproduction processes (–8.5%). In herbaceous plants, root growth was reduced, while aboveground biomass did not change, because the decrease in leaf size was compensated by an increase in leaf number. In contrast, woody plants demonstrated no changes in allometry and their growth was reduced to a greater extent than growth of herbaceous plants. Raunkiaer’s classification of life forms appeared the best predictor of species’ responses to pollution. Within woody plants, trees and shrubs, but not dwarf shrubs, showed strong decreases in growth and reproduction. Within herbaceous plants, significant growth reduction was observed only in annuals. Longevity of foliage or plant phylogeny did not explain variation in species’ responses. Adverse effects of pollution were stronger in regions with higher temperature and precipitation, hinting that existing pollution loads may become more harmful for plants as climate changes. Relatively minor explanatory value of the characteristics of individual polluters removes one of the principal obstacles to accounting for the effects of pollution in vegetation models and allows extrapolation of the effects observed near point polluters to both regional and global scales. We conclude that losses in productivity of plant communities due to aerial pollution can be approximately estimated on the basis of the life form spectra and climate.

scholarly journals The effects of evolutionary and environmental variance on estimates of phylogenetic diversity in temperate forest plots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xu ◽  
Jia-Jia Liu ◽  
Hai-Ning Li ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Kevin S Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Diversity Metrics

Abstract Aims Phylogenetic diversity metrics can discern the relative contributions of ecological and evolutionary processes associated with the assembly of plant communities. However, the magnitude of the potential variation associated with phylogenetic methodologies, and its effect on estimates of phylogenetic diversity, remains poorly understood. Here, we assess how sources of variation associated with estimates of phylogenetic diversity can potentially affect our understanding of plant community structure for a series of temperate forest plots in China. Methods In total, 20 forest plots, comprising of 274 woody species and 581 herbaceous species, were surveyed and sampled along an elevational gradient of 2800 m on Taibai Mountain, China. We used multi-model inference to search for the most parsimonious relationship between estimates of phylogenetic diversity and each of four predictors (i.e., type of phylogenetic reconstruction method, phylogenetic diversity metric, woody or herbaceous growth form, and elevation), and their pairwise interactions. Important Findings There was no significant difference in patterns of phylogenetic diversity when using synthesis-based vs molecular-based phylogenetic methods. Results showed that elevation, the type of phylogenetic diversity metric, growth form, and their interactions, accounted for > 44% of the variance in our estimates of phylogenetic diversity. In general, phylogenetic diversity decreased with increasing elevation; however, the trend was weaker for herbaceous plants than for woody plants. Moreover, the three phylogenetic diversity metrics showed consistent patterns (i.e., clustered) across the elevational gradient for woody plants. For herbaceous plants, the mean pairwise distance showed a random distribution over the gradient. These results suggest that a better understanding of temperate forest community structure can be obtained when estimates of phylogenetic diversity include methodological and environmental sources of variation.

scholarly journals Phenological mismatches between above- and below-ground plant responses to climate warming: a global synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Junjiong Shao ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract Climate warming is changing above-ground phenology of plants around the world1, 2. However, warming effects on below-ground phenology of plants are unclear despite that roots play a vital role in carbon cycling3. By conducting a global meta-analysis, we show a phenological mismatch between above- and below-ground plant responses to climate warming. Herbaceous plants advanced both the start and end of the growing season based on their above-ground responses, resulting into a shorter growing season. Below-ground phenophases did not exhibit any obvious changes in herbaceous plants. In contrast, climate warming did not affect the length of above-ground growing season but extended the below-ground growing season of woody plants. These results highlight that climate warming can differentially affect above- and below-ground plant phenology with mismatches arising in herbaceous plants via less responsive below-ground phenology whereas mismatches in woody plants via more responsive below-ground phenology. Mismatches in above- and below-ground plant phenology imply that terrestrial carbon cycling models exclusively based on above-ground responses are less accurate, which highlight the urgent need to incorporate below-ground plant phenology into future Earth system models.

scholarly journals Adaptation possibilities of introduced plants of various origin in conditions of botanical garden at Surgut state university

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
I. N. Turbina ◽  
G. M. Kukurichkin
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Growing Conditions

The botanical garden in Surgut is the northernmost in Western Siberia and one of the northernmost botanical gardens in Russia. It is the major point for promoting new agricultural and bio-logical technologies to the Far North. Currently, the collection of ornamental plants of the Surgut botanical garden comprises about 200 species and varieties of herbaceous plants belonging to 60 genera and 32 families, and more than 110 species of woody plants. The research objective is to study the adaptation mechanisms of some ornamental plants from the collection of the botanical garden using the up-to-date portable flavonoid and chlorophyll meter DUALEX. The research objects are five species of herbaceous plants of genus Iris L. – Iris hungarica Waldst. & Kit., Iris variegate L., Iris sibirica L., Iris glaucescens Bunge, Iris sulfurea C. Koch. and eight species of woody plants of genus Acer L. – Acer pseudoplatanus L., Acer rubrum L., Acer trautvetteri Medw., Acer tataricum L., Acer ukurunduense Trautv. & C.A. Mey., Acer spicatum Lam., Acer mandshuricum Maxim., Acer ginnala Maxim. The range of nitrogen balance (Nbi) in herbaceous plants varied from 32.2 to 39.7, and the chlorophyll content was from 48.1 to 58.6 mg/cm2. In woody plants, the content of chlorophyll (Chl) ranged from 23.9 mg/cm2 (Acer spicatum) to 31.3 mg/cm2 (Acer rubrum), i.e. only 1.3 times within the group species growing on one flank. The content of flavanols in woody plants ranged from 1.3 mg/cm2 in Acer mandshuricum to 1.9 mg/cm2 in Acer ukurunduense. The maximum values of Nbi, Chl indices for Iris hungarica and Acer pseudoplatanus are an adaptive reaction to growing conditions and indicate the formation of plantprotective functions. The pigment content of leaves in ornamental plants indicates their satisfactory physiological state, as evidenced by a slight variation in biochemical parameters among the tested groups of ornamental plants.

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