Growth and reproduction of vascular plants in polluted environments: a synthesis of existing knowledge

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (NA) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena L. Zvereva ◽  
Marja Roitto ◽  
Mikhail V. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Point Polluters ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Identification of factors explaining diversity in plant responses to industrial pollution is crucial for predicting fates of polluted ecosystems. Meta-analysis based on 203 publications demonstrated that plants growing near point polluters showed similar decreases in characters reflecting growth (–13.1%) and reproduction processes (–8.5%). In herbaceous plants, root growth was reduced, while aboveground biomass did not change, because the decrease in leaf size was compensated by an increase in leaf number. In contrast, woody plants demonstrated no changes in allometry and their growth was reduced to a greater extent than growth of herbaceous plants. Raunkiaer’s classification of life forms appeared the best predictor of species’ responses to pollution. Within woody plants, trees and shrubs, but not dwarf shrubs, showed strong decreases in growth and reproduction. Within herbaceous plants, significant growth reduction was observed only in annuals. Longevity of foliage or plant phylogeny did not explain variation in species’ responses. Adverse effects of pollution were stronger in regions with higher temperature and precipitation, hinting that existing pollution loads may become more harmful for plants as climate changes. Relatively minor explanatory value of the characteristics of individual polluters removes one of the principal obstacles to accounting for the effects of pollution in vegetation models and allows extrapolation of the effects observed near point polluters to both regional and global scales. We conclude that losses in productivity of plant communities due to aerial pollution can be approximately estimated on the basis of the life form spectra and climate.

scholarly journals Phenological mismatches between above- and below-ground plant responses to climate warming: a global synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Junjiong Shao ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Below Ground

Abstract Climate warming is changing above-ground phenology of plants around the world1, 2. However, warming effects on below-ground phenology of plants are unclear despite that roots play a vital role in carbon cycling3. By conducting a global meta-analysis, we show a phenological mismatch between above- and below-ground plant responses to climate warming. Herbaceous plants advanced both the start and end of the growing season based on their above-ground responses, resulting into a shorter growing season. Below-ground phenophases did not exhibit any obvious changes in herbaceous plants. In contrast, climate warming did not affect the length of above-ground growing season but extended the below-ground growing season of woody plants. These results highlight that climate warming can differentially affect above- and below-ground plant phenology with mismatches arising in herbaceous plants via less responsive below-ground phenology whereas mismatches in woody plants via more responsive below-ground phenology. Mismatches in above- and below-ground plant phenology imply that terrestrial carbon cycling models exclusively based on above-ground responses are less accurate, which highlight the urgent need to incorporate below-ground plant phenology into future Earth system models.

scholarly journals Caution Is Needed in Quantifying Terrestrial Biomass Responses to Elevated Temperature: Meta-Analyses of Field-Based Experimental Warming Across China

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yan ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Yahuang Luo ◽  
Zhenghong Wang ◽  
Deli Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Plant Phylogeny ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Meta Analyses

Certainty over warming-induced biomass accumulation is essential for addressing climate change. However, no previous meta-analysis has investigated this accumulation across the whole of China; also unclear are the differences between herbaceous and woody species and across plant phylogeny, which are critical for corresponding re-vegetation. We extracted data from 90 field-based experiments to reveal general patterns and driving factors of biomass responses all over China. Based on traditional meta-analyses, a warmer temperature significantly increased above- (10.8%) and below-ground (14.2%) biomass accumulation. With increasing warming duration (WarmD) and plant clade age, both above-ground and below-ground biomass showed significant increases. However, for herbaceous versus woody plants, and the whole community versus its dominant species, responses were not always constant; the combined synergies would affect accumulative response patterns. When considering WarmD as a weight, decreases in total above-ground biomass response magnitude were presented, and the increase in below-ground biomass was no longer significant; notably, significant positive responses remained in tree species. However, if phylogenetic information was included in the calculations, all warming-induced plant biomass increases were not significant. Thus, it is still premature to speculate whether warming induces biomass increases in China; further long-term experiments are needed regarding phylogeny-based responses and interspecies relations, especially regarding woody plants and forests.

scholarly journals Disentangling transcriptional responses in plant defense against arthropod herbivores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Garcia ◽  
M. Estrella Santamaria ◽  
Isabel Diaz ◽  
Manuel Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Plant Herbivore

AbstractThe success in the response of a plant to a pest depends on the regulatory networks that connect plant perception and plant response. Meta-analyses of transcriptomic responses are valuable tools to discover novel mechanisms in the plant/herbivore interplay. Considering the quantity and quality of available transcriptomic analyses, Arabidopsis thaliana was selected to test the ability of comprehensive meta-analyses to disentangle plant responses. The analysis of the transcriptomic data showed a general induction of biological processes commonly associated with the response to herbivory, like jasmonate signaling or glucosinolate biosynthesis. However, an uneven induction of many genes belonging to these biological categories was found, which was likely associated with the particularities of each specific Arabidopsis-herbivore interaction. A thorough analysis of the responses to the lepidopteran Pieris rapae and the spider mite Tetranychus urticae highlighted specificities in the perception and signaling pathways associated with the expression of receptors and transcription factors. This information was translated to a variable alteration of secondary metabolic pathways. In conclusion, transcriptomic meta-analysis has been revealed as a potent way to sort out relevant physiological processes in the plant response to herbivores. Translation of these transcriptomic-based analyses to crop species will permit a more appropriate design of biotechnological programs.

A meta-analysis of the responses of woody and herbaceous plants to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Rong Li ◽  
Shao-Lin Peng ◽  
Bao-Ming Chen ◽  
Yu-Ping Hou
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation

Importance of Meta-analysis in Studies Involving Plant Responses to Climate Change in Brazil

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-234
Author(s):  
Janaina da Silva Fortirer ◽  
Adriana Grandis ◽  
Camila de Toledo Castanho ◽  
Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Responses

Eriophyoid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea) of Latvia: an annotated checklist

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4629 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-236
Author(s):  
ARTURS STALAŽS ◽  
INĀRA TURKA
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Eriophyoid Mites ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Eriophyoid Mite ◽  
Damage Symptoms

A bibliographical checklist of eriophyoid mites reported from Latvia is compiled. To date, 67 eriophyoid mite species associated with more than 29 plant genera have been recorded from Latvia. Many eriophyoid mite species previously reported in the literature were based on damage symptoms only rather than mite morphology. Some species records did not involve collecting and identifying actual specimens. To date, the majority of eriophyoid species documented from Latvia are associated with ornamental and wild woody plants with low commercial significance. Only damage caused by several Cecidophyopsis species, the pests of blackcurrants and redcurrants, is considered to be of economic significance, although in recent years Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessart) has become a problem in plum orchards. Eriophyoid mites inhabiting herbaceous plants in Latvia have been poorly studied as only five species have been described. The present study shows that major revision is necessary for many of the eriophyoid mite species previously recorded. 

The Influence of Woody and Herbaceous Competition on Early Growth of Naturally Regenerated Loblolly and Shortleaf Pines

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Competition Control ◽  
Total Control ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Four levels of competition control were used to study the response of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Treatments included: (1) Check (no competition control), (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. Herbaceous plants were controlled for 4 consecutive years, and woody plants were controlled for 5 years. Control of herbaceous vegetation resulted in significant increases in pine height, groundline diameter (GLD), and volume per tree. Control of only woody competition did not improve pine growth compared to untreated checks. After 5 years, pines on total control plots had significantly larger GLDs and significantly more volume per tree compared to pines on any other treatment. Pine growth gains were achieved with herbaceous competition control and total control of nonpine vegetation although these two treatments averaged 4,000 more pines/ac, in trees taller than 5 ft, than the other two treatments. Results of this investigation represent a unique standard of pine growth to which operational treatments might be compared. South. J. Appl. For. 15(4):179-185.

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