Cross-Price Elasticities of U.S. Import Demand

Donald Roussland; Stephen Parker

doi:10.2307/1925014

Brazilian Import Demand of Dairy Products with Emphasis in the Mercosul Context

Nova Economia ◽

10.1590/0103-6351/4946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 551-577

Author(s):

Rodrigo García Arancibia ◽

Edith Depetris Guiguet

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Import Demand ◽

Demand System ◽

Consumer Theory ◽

System Framework ◽

Price Elasticities ◽

Estimated Parameters ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Interpretation Of Results

Abstract Brazil is the largest milk producer in South America, with an increasing trend in the last 20 years which allowed the country to start exporting some output. However, it has not become self-reliant and continues to be a major importer in the region, the most relevant partner for Argentina and Uruguay in Mercosul. In this paper, the Brazilian import demand of dairy products is estimated by using a source differentiated demand system framework that is derived from consumer theory. This model takes into account the countries of origin (i.e., Argentina, Uruguay and other grouped competitors) and various dairy aggregated items that compete in the Brazilian market. The expenditure elasticities, and the own and cross-price elasticities are computed with the estimated parameters of the demand system. Interpretation of results follows as well as some conclusions, including the need of further studies and usefulness of this type of research.

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The Production Theory Approach to Import Demand Analysis: A Comparison of the Rotterdam Model and the Differential Production Approach

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s1074070800009226 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 431-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Andrew A. Washington ◽

Richard L. Kilmer

Keyword(s):

Consumer Demand ◽

Estimation Procedure ◽

Import Demand ◽

Theory Approach ◽

Price Elasticities ◽

Demand Elasticities ◽

Rotterdam Model ◽

Stage Estimation ◽

Derived Demand ◽

Production Approach

Results indicate that, when comparing the unconditional derived-demand elasticities to the unconditional consumer demand elasticities, significant differences emerge due to the differences in the first-stage estimation procedure between the differential production approach and the Rotterdam model. In comparing the consumer demand price/cross-price elasticities to the derived-demand price/cross-price elasticities, it is clear that use of the Rotterdam model when a production approach should be used can lead to overestimation, underestimation, and incorrect signs in deriving unconditional price effects.

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The Structure of International Demand for Soybean Products

Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics ◽

10.1017/s008130520001791x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 137-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Dale Heien ◽

Daniel Pick

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

The United States ◽

Import Demand ◽

Total Revenue ◽

Quarterly Data ◽

Price Elasticities ◽

International Demand ◽

Proportional Increase

AbstractThis study used a new body of quarterly data to estimate multilateral import demand relations for soybeans and soymeal. The countries of origin were the United States, Brazil, and Argentina. The areas of destination were the EEC, Japan, and Eastern Europe. The results indicated that own- and cross-price elasticities were quite large. These demand relations were then inverted and solved for prices to examine the effect on total revenue of increases in supplies from each of the exporting countries. Results showed that, in all cases except one, own-total revenue was inflexible with respect to increase in the own-quantity supplied. These results imply that an increase in exports will be associated with smaller proportional increase in revenue from exports.

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Demand for fiberboard panels in the international market

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602011000100005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 33-45

Author(s):

Antonio Donizette de Oliveira ◽

Francisco Fernandes Bernardes ◽

José Luiz Pereira de Rezende ◽

José Márcio de Mello ◽

José Roberto Soares Scolforo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Time Series Data ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Trade Flow ◽

Import Demand ◽

Series Data ◽

Demand Model ◽

Total Import ◽

Origin Time ◽

Price Elasticities

The objective of this study is to estimate for several importing countries of fiberboard panels the income elasticities and price elasticities of total import demand and also the own-price and cross-price elasticities of demand for fiberboard panels, differentiated by country of origin. Time series data were used referring to the trade flow of the world's largest exporters and importers of fiberboard panels. The demand model being used treats products as imperfect substitutes. It was concluded that in Germany, China and United Kingdom the total import demand for fiberboard panels was more sensitive to variations in price than in income, whereas in other importing countries the reverse happened. The own-price elasticity of demand for fiberboard panels, differentiated by country of origin, was higher than one in almost all markets, except in Germany and United Kingdom. The negative cross-price elasticities suggest that fiberboard panels imported from other exporting countries are complementary products.

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Disaggregated Import Demand Functions for Pakistan

The Pakistan Development Review ◽

10.30541/v26i1pp.71-80 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 71-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Khwaja Sarmad ◽

Riaz Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Import Substitution ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Import Demand ◽

Relative Price ◽

Relative Prices ◽

Demand Functions ◽

Price Elasticities ◽

Demand Elasticities ◽

Activity Variable ◽

Different Levels

This paper estimates demand elasticities of relative prices and, those with respect to the activity variable for selected imports of Pakistan at different levels of aggregation for the 1969-70 - 1983-84 period. The relative price elasticities, adjusted for tariffs, are found to be quite small and distinctly different from those estimated for developed countries. Elasticities with respect to the activity variable are on the higher side which may reflect the increased outward orientation of the economy during this period. We have also found evidence which supports the argument that import substitution of consumer and capital goods has led to increased import dependence on inputs.

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The supply and demand functions for Turkey’s manufacturing industry: Simultaneous equation systemsTürkiye’nin imalat sanayi ihracat ve ithalatının talep ve arz fonksiyonu: Eşanlı denklem modeli

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3452 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 112

Author(s):

Kübra Önder ◽

Büşra Akın

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Least Squares Method ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Import Demand ◽

Demand Functions ◽

Price Elasticities ◽

Income Elasticities ◽

Price And Income Elasticities ◽

Simultaneous Equation Systems ◽

Income And Price Elasticities

Foreign trade policies applied to achieve economic growth and structural changes in the economies have an important role. The applications of these policies to determination of the direction, composition, and volume of exports and imports have affected on the price and income elasticities of exported and imported goods. Therefore, the export and the import policies must be analyzed with regards to the price and income elasticities. Considering the studies done so far, econometric analysis of supply and demand functions of export and import are generally seen analyzed based on a single equation model. Also simultaneous relationship between the supply and demand is mostly ignored. For this reason, the major aim of this study is to examine the simultaneous relationship between the supply and demand functions of export and import of manufacturing industry by using Two Stage Least Squares Method. According to results of estimation income and price elasticities for supply and demand of import are found compatible with the theory. Both in export and import demand equation of manufacturing, income and price elasticities are found positive and negative respectively. And also export and import supply elasticities for manufacturing are compatible with the theoretical expectations. ÖzetEkonominin büyümesi ve yapısal değişiminde, dış ticaret politikalarının önemli bir yeri vardır. İhracat ve ithalatın yönü, hacmi ve kompozisyonunu belirlemek amacıyla alınan kararlar, malların fiyat ve gelir esnekliklerine etkide bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bir ülkenin ihracat ve ithalat rejimi incelenirken, fiyat ve gelir esneklikleri de dikkate alınmalıdır. Bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalar gözden geçirildiğinde, genellikle ihracat ve ithalat arz ve talep fonksiyonlarının ekonometrik analizinin tek denklemli model temel alınarak incelendiği görülmektedir. İhracat arz ve talep fonksiyonları arasındaki eşanlı gelir ve fiyat ilişkisi çoğunlukla göz ardı edilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın temel amacı; ihracat arz ve ithalat talep fonksiyonları arasındaki eşanlılık ilişkisini imalat sanayi özelinde, eşanlı denklem sistemlerinden iki aşamalı en küçük kareler yöntemi kullanarak incelemektir. Tahmin sonuçlarına göre, imalat sanayi ithalat arz ve talebine ait gelir ve fiyat esneklikleri ile imalat sanayi ihracat talebine ait gelir ve fiyat esnekliği ve ihracat arz denklemine ait gelir ve fiyat esnekliklerinin işareti teoriyle uyumlu bulunmuştur.

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