On the Stade, as a Linear Measure

1839 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Martin Leake
Keyword(s):  
1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 235-238
Author(s):  
A. D. Wackerbarth

The author gives a detailed statement of the theories of Professor Smyth, as given in the Transactions of this Society, Vol. XXIII. Part III. He then, after heartily commending the zeal and diligence of the Professor, brings forward objections to some of his views. 1. As to the metron or unit of linear measure. Mr Wackerbarth objects that this measure was utterly unknown to the ancient Egyptians—appearing in no Egyptian document or monument whatever, nor in any ancient writer who describes the condition of the Egyptians.


1995 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Xun yi

For any set S and any entire function f letwhere each zero of f — a with multiplicity m is repeated m times in Ef(S) (cf. [1]). It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the notations of the Nevanlinna Theory (see, for example, [2]). It will be convenient to let E denote any set of finite linear measure on 0 < r < ∞, not necessarily the same at each occurrence. We denote by S(r, f) any quantity satisfying .


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Fitzgerald Ehrich ◽  
Steven J. Howard ◽  
Sahar Bokosmaty ◽  
Stuart Woodcock

The accurate measurement of the cognitive load a learner encounters in a given task is critical to the understanding and application of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). However, as a covert psychological construct, cognitive load represents a challenging measurement issue. To date, this challenge has been met mostly by subjective self-reports of cognitive load experienced in a learning situation. In this paper, we find that a valid and reliable index of cognitive load can be obtained through item response modeling of student performance. Specifically, estimates derived from item response modeling of relative difficulty (i.e., the difference between item difficulty and person ability locations) can function as a linear measure that combines the key components of cognitive load (i.e., mental load, mental effort, and performance). This index of cognitive load (relative difficulty) was tested for criterion (concurrent) validity in Year 2 learners (N = 91) performance on standardized educational numeracy and literacy assessments. Learners’ working memory (WM) capacity significantly predicted our proposed cognitive load (relative difficulty) index across both numeracy and literacy domains. That is, higher levels of WM were related to lower levels of cognitive load (relative difficulty), in line with fundamental predictions of CLT. These results illustrate the validity, utility and potential of this objective item response modeling approach to capturing individual differences in cognitive load across discrete learning tasks.


2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. P. Volk ◽  
Yu. A. Novikov ◽  
A. V. Rakov

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Blackburn ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Matteo De Marco ◽  
Simon Bell ◽  
Fei He ◽  
...  

Background: The incidence of Alzheimer disease (AD) is increasing with the ageing population. The development of low cost non-invasive diagnostic aids for AD is a research priority. This pilot study investigated whether an approach based on a novel dynamic quantitative parametric EEG method could detect abnormalities in people with AD. Methods: 20 patients with probable AD, 20 matched healthy controls (HC) and 4 patients with probable fronto temporal dementia (FTD) were included. All had detailed neuropsychology along with structural, resting state fMRI and EEG. EEG data were analyzed using the Error Reduction Ratio-causality (ERR-causality) test that can capture both linear and nonlinear interactions between different EEG recording areas. The 95% confidence intervals of EEG levels of bi-centroparietal synchronization were estimated for eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) states. Results: In the EC state, AD patients and HC had very similar levels of bi-centro parietal synchronization; but in the EO resting state, patients with AD had significantly higher levels of synchronization (AD = 0.44; interquartile range (IQR) 0.41 vs. HC = 0.15; IQR 0.17, p < 0.0001). The EO/EC synchronization ratio, a measure of the dynamic changes between the two states, also showed significant differences between these two groups (AD ratio 0.78 versus HC ratio 0.37 p < 0.0001). EO synchronization was also significantly different between AD and FTD (FTD = 0.075; IQR 0.03, p < 0.0001). However, the EO/EC ratio was not informative in the FTD group due to very low levels of synchronization in both states (EO and EC). Conclusion: In this pilot work, resting state quantitative EEG shows significant differences between healthy controls and patients with AD. This approach has the potential to develop into a useful non-invasive and economical diagnostic aid in AD.


1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Strohmeier

In 1976 the United States Yacht Racing Union mandated a new handicapping system for offshore sailing yachts. The purpose was to provide equitable racing among yachts of diverse designs, a feature not possible under the existing International Offshore Rule. Making full use of the Pratt Project for sailing yacht research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USYRU evolved the Measurement Handicap System, in which ratings are expressed, not in linear measure as in past rules, but in predicted speeds on various points of sailing and in different wind velocities. The MHS was first used in the 1978 Bermuda Race. A feature of MHS is a set of regulations to require adequate cruising accommodations.


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