Religious and Social Participation in War-Torn Areas of El Salvador

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Salvadoran Civil War ◽  
Culture Of Violence

The Salvadoran civil war destroyed local community life throughout the province of Morazán. Despite the peace accords, poverty, unequal land distribution, and a “culture of violence” demand structural and institutional transformations well beyond the individual moral regeneration offered by churches. Religion, however, supplies coping tools, especially for youth, women, and repatriated refugees. By focusing on local issues, furthermore, churches are fostering social participation among hitherto disenfranchised groups, a critical element in building an inclusive, robust democracy.

scholarly journals Twelve Years a Terror: U.S. Impact in the 12-Year Civil War in El Salvador

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
States Government ◽  
Salvadoran Civil War

This essay explores the impacts of the United States government and military in the civil war in El Salvador in a comprehensive historical study. Through the presence of monetary aid, a disregard for the human rights of people in El Salvador, and the presence of U.S. trained soldiers at the then School of Americas and the current Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation, the U.S. prolonged and augmented the negative effects of the Salvadoran Civil War.

Craft and Artisan Initiatives of the Salvadoran Civil War (1980–1992)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Emilio Velis ◽  
Kate Samson ◽  
Isaac Robles ◽  
Daniel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
The People ◽  
Maker Culture ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inclusive Concept ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Salvadoran Civil War

Abstract This article describes the testimonies of two arts and crafts collectives during the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s. These collectives, open to victims and refugees of the war, emerged as creative spaces during a time of significant social unrest. As participants learned to make and produce arts and crafts, these activities encouraged individual expression and allowed them to heal traumatic experiences. By describing the aspects that motivated and discouraged the involvement of participants over time, we show how the individual and collective aspects of making are important for the sustained participation of the people who engage in maker culture. We draw comparisons between the struggles of these historical movements and of current embodiments of the maker culture, in order to draw conclusions regarding how making can be a personal catalyst in the face of social hardship, the importance of economic sustainability in maker initiatives and how unjust gender dynamics take place in these spaces. The ability to compare and learn from these historical initiatives serves to unpack maker culture as a social asset that can be described beyond the mere use of digital tools and to repurpose it as a more inclusive concept that takes into account narratives from a broader range of expressions of making.

Ukrainian community life of believers

2008 ◽  
pp. 110-134
Author(s):  
Pavlo Yuriyovych Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Religious Activity ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Religious System ◽  
Real Presence ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intimate Relations ◽  
The Individual

The cornerstone of any religion is its anthropological concept, which seeks to determine the essential orientations of man, to outline the ideological framework of its existence, to represent the idea of ​​its essence, purpose in earthly life. The main task of the religious system is the act of involving and subordinating man to the spiritual divine realm as the realm of the transcendental existence of God. Belief in the real presence of the latter implies a new understanding of oneself, which ultimately leads the religious individual to the desire to be involved in this transcendental existence, to have intimate relations with him, to have a consciousness inherent in God. Note that in this context, all human being is interpreted as a certain arena for this realization. Therefore, the religious life of the individual acquires the status of religious activity.

Óscar Romero and the Politics of Sainthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-291
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Vasquez ◽  
Anna L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil War ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity ◽  
The One

In this article, we explore the debates surrounding the proposed canonization of Archbishop Oscar Romero, an outspoken defender of human rights and the poor during the civil war in El Salvador, who was assassinated in March 1980 by paramilitary death squads while saying Mass. More specifically, we examine the tension between, on the one hand, local and popular understandings of Romero’s life and legacy and, on the other hand, transnational and institutional interpretations. We argue that the reluctance of the Vatican to advance Romero’s canonization process has to do with the need to domesticate and “privatize” his image. This depoliticization of Romero’s work and teachings is a part of a larger agenda of neo-Romanization, an attempt by the Holy See to redeploy a post-colonial and transnational Catholic regime in the face of the crisis of modernity and the advent of postmodern relativism. This redeployment is based on the control of local religious expressions, particularly those that advocate for a more participatory church, which have proliferated with contemporary globalization

Development and destruction of the liberal prison system in Spain: a general framework for studying the topic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Luis Gargallo Vaamonde
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

During the Restoration and the Second Republic, up until the outbreak of the Civil War, the prison system that was developed in Spain had a markedly liberal character. This system had begun to acquire robustness and institutional credibility from the first dec- ade of the 20th Century onwards, reaching a peak in the early years of the government of the Second Republic. This process resulted in the establishment of a penitentiary sys- tem based on the widespread and predominant values of liberalism. That liberal belief system espoused the defence of social harmony, property and the individual, and penal practices were constructed on the basis of those principles. Subsequently, the Civil War and the accompanying militarist culture altered the prison system, transforming it into an instrument at the service of the conflict, thereby wiping out the liberal agenda that had been nurtured since the mid-19th Century.

Stasis Anxiety

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew van der Vlies
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Black Writers ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Contemporary Writing

Two recent debut novels, Songeziwe Mahlangu’s Penumbra (2013) and Masande Ntshanga’s The Reactive (2014), reflect the experience of impasse, stasis, and arrested development experienced by many in South Africa. This chapter uses these novels as the starting point for a discussion of writing by young black writers in general, and as representative examples of the treatment of ‘waithood’ in contemporary writing. It considers (spatial and temporal) theorisations of anxiety, discerns recursive investments in past experiences of hope (invoking Jennifer Wenzel’s work to consider the afterlives of anti-colonial prophecy), assesses the usefulness of Giorgio Agamben’s elaboration of the ancient Greek understanding of stasis as civil war, and asks how these works’ elaboration of stasis might be understood in relation to Wendy Brown’s discussion of the eclipsing of the individual subject of political rights by the neoliberal subject whose very life is framed by its potential to be understood as capital.

Part I: Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Rodenhäuser
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Laws Of War ◽  
Connected Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Contemporary Practice

Analysing the development of the concept of non-state parties to an armed conflict from the writings of philosophers in the eighteenth century through international humanitarian law (IHL) treaty law to contemporary practice, three threads can be identified. First, as pointed out by Rousseau almost two and a half centuries ago, one basic principle underlying the laws of war is that war is not a relation between men but between entities. Accordingly, the lawful objective of parties cannot be to harm opponents as individuals but only to overcome the entity for which the individual fights. This necessitates that any party to an armed conflict is a collective, organized entity and not a loosely connected group of individuals. Second, de Vattel already stressed that civil war is fought between two parties who ‘acknowledge no common judge’ and have no ‘common superior’ on earth....

Patterns of Land Holding and Land Distribution in the Ife Division of Western Nigeria

Africa ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Vanden Driesen
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sheer Number

The Pattern of Land HoldingThe holding of land in the Ife Division is governed by a multiplicity of arrangements. Some ‘own’ land in the ordinary sense of the term; some enjoy unrestricted rights over property which in fact belongs to the ebi and not to the individual; and others again hold by leases or grants which permit cultivation under a host of different conditions. A listing based on legal and conventional norms would consequently run to considerable length, and the sheer number of discernible types may well bewilder rather than clarify.

Impacts of electronic monitoring on the community life: blessing or disguise?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Vitálišová ◽  
Kamila Borseková ◽  
Anna Vanˇová ◽  
Samuel Koróny
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate critically the impacts associated with the implementation of electronic monitoring (EM) of accused and convicted persons on society based on the foreign experience and compare these findings with the original research results on EM in the Slovak Republic. Design/methodology/approach This paper elaborates the secondary data of previous researches in Scotland, Sweden and Florida in the USA. Secondary research is based on in-depth analysis of articles, reports and studies searched via database of Google, Scopus and Science Direct. Based on the studies processed by a causal and qualitative analysis, the authors identify the benefits and risks of EM influencing community life in Europe and the USA. The additional sources of secondary data are the Statistical Yearbook of Ministry of Justice of Slovak Republic, the content of the original law (including relevant amendments) that introduced EM into the Slovak criminal justice system and data on the application of EM in Slovakia provided by the Ministry of Justice. Subsequently, this paper presents the original research findings about the EM implementation in the Slovak Republic. The primary data were conducted via interviews with the representatives of Ministry of Justice, and through the national survey of opinions of judges, probation and mediation officers. The authors used the descriptive statistics and the statistical deduction methods. Findings The key finding of the paper is that there is a very narrow border between EM as blessing and disguise for community involved. Setting proper measures to protect the community, targeted communication and support with attendance of professionals (e.g. mediator and psychologist) for community members might help to avoid possible risks and support the benefits related with EM implementation, namely, social and economic inclusion of offenders, maintaining family and community tights, reducing recidivism or protection of sensitive sites. Practical implications To support the acceptation of EM by local community, the authors recommend to perceive sensitively community involvement and consider potential risks related with EM implementation; to suggest the proper measures to protect the community; and to develop better or targeted communication oriented towards increasing awareness or establishment supporting groups with attendance of professionals (e.g. mediator and psychologist) that might help to avoid possible risks and support the benefits related with EM implementation. Originality/value This paper compares experience with EM based on the secondary data of previous researches in Scotland, Sweden and Florida in the USA. Subsequently, it presents the unique data about the implementation of EM in the Slovak Republic. The topic of EM is still vastly underrated in the literature, and there is a lack of empirical data, so this paper as a combination of case studies and original research could be very helpful in the efficient implementation of EM and setting the proper measures.

scholarly journals Benefits of exercise in older persons at primary level

1998 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Annie Kunda ◽  
Seyi L. Amosun
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The National Department of Health invited comments on proposed policy guidelines on the prevention of physical inactivity in older persons at primary level. The guidelines recommended the use of exercises which are dynamic, interesting, fun, easily implemented, safe and tailored to suit the individual needs. In order to make informed comments on the policy, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the recommended exercise program among older persons in a local community over a six-week period. Promoting physical activity among the participants in the study resulted in marked improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and dominant hand grip strength. The time taken to perform some selected functional tasks also improved. The findings gave credence to the need to discourage physical inactivity among older persons, but there is need to overcome formidable methodological problems in evaluating the effects of exercise intervention among older persons in the community.

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