White-Tailed Deer Meat and Marrow Return Rates and Their Application to Eastern Woodlands Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cregg Madrigal ◽  
Julie Zimmermann Holt
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Element Abundance ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Return Rates

Zooarchaeological hypotheses concerning prehistoric transport, processing decisions, and social stratification are often tested by correlating archaeological element frequencies with indices of the economic utility of carcass parts. Such indices have not been developed for one of the largest and most important mammals in Eastern Woodlands prehistory, the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). We present kilocalorie (Kcal) yields and return rates of meat and marrow from a sample of several white-tailed deer. We then compare the meat and marrow data with skeletal element abundance in two Late Archaic assemblages from New York and a Middle Woodland/early Late Woodland assemblage from Illinois. In both examples, archaeological element abundance is positively correlated with marrow yield and return rate, but negatively correlated or uncorrelated with meat yield and return rate. These results do not provide evidence for differential transport of higher meat-yield carcass parts, but instead may indicate differential processing of high-yield marrow bones after entire deer carcasses were transported to the sites.

Below-the-Watertable Archaeology at Lamoka Lake

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Michael Gramly
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York State ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
York State ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Central New York ◽  
Lake Site

A trench excavated into the waterlogged fringe of the Lamoka Lake site in central New York state yielded cultural stratigraphic zones with abundant artifacts and food remains. A peaty layer resting upon Late Archaic beach or streamside deposits produced late Middle Woodland (Kipp Island phase) ceramics and stone implements. Discoveries of wood, fruit pits, and nuts in the same layer as well as rich congeries of animal bones indicate that the archaeological potential of the Lamoka Lake site is not exhausted.

Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
St Lawrence River

<em>Abstract.—</em>Additional upstream eel <em>Anguilla rostrata </em>passage is planned at the Moses- Saunders Power Dam, Massena, New York, and has recently been implemented at the Beauharnois Power Dam, Montreal, Quebec, on the St. Lawrence River. Mark– recapture studies were conducted to determine the distance upstream of the dams that eel ladder exits should be located to minimize turbine entrainment. In 2001, 9,822 finclipped eels were released in equal proportions at 0 m, 90 m, and 1,600 m upstream on the west side of the Beauharnois Power Dam. Return rates to the tailwater were 4.5%, 5.0%, and 3.2%, respectively. In 2002, 16,697 fin-clipped eels were released at the same distances on the east side of the dam. Return rates were 12.0%, 4.2% and 1.1%, respectively. In 2001, 4,400 PIT-tagged eels were released at six locations upstream of the Moses-Saunders Power Dam. Eels released further than 270 m upstream of the dam exhibited a return rate of less than 7%, while those released closer than 270 m had a substantially higher return rate, approximately 50%. Even though the dams are very similar in size and hydraulic capacity, return rates of eels released close to the two dams were substantially different, approximately 50% for the Moses-Saunders Power Dam versus 4.5% (west side) and 12.0% (east side) for the Beauharnois Power Dam. These studies indicate that the siting of an eel ladder exit to minimize entrainment is specific to each dam.

The millennia-long use history of triangular bifaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-207
Author(s):  
R Michael Stewart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Middle Woodland ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Delaware Valley ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Early Woodland ◽  
Middle Archaic ◽  
History Of

Relatively small, triangular bifaces often considered to be projectile points have a demonstrable use history that includes the Middle Archaic, Late Archaic, Early Woodland, late Middle Woodland, Late Woodland, and Contact periods of regional archaeology. Radiocarbon dates and other data are used to document this extensive history using the Upper Delaware Valley of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and New York as a case study. Observed trends are evaluated in a broader regional context. The degree to which triangles of different ages can be distinguished from one another is addressed and suggestions for future research are made.

scholarly journals A long way from New York City: Socially stratified contact-induced phonological convergence in Ganluo Ersu (Sichuan, China)

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Chirkova ◽  
James N. Stanford ◽  
Dehe Wang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
York City ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Field Recordings ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
World Languages ◽  
The Social ◽  
Phonological Change

AbstractLabov's classic study,The Social Stratification of English in New York City(1966), paved the way for generations of researchers to examine sociolinguistic patterns in many different communities (Bell, Sharma, & Britain, 2016). This research paradigm has traditionally tended to focus on Western industrialized communities and large world languages and dialects, leaving many unanswered questions about lesser-studied indigenous minority communities. In this study, we examine whether Labovian models for age, sex, and social stratification (Labov, 1966, 2001; Trudgill, 1972, 1974) may be effectively applied to a small, endangered Tibeto-Burman language in southwestern China: Ganluo Ersu. Using new field recordings with 97 speakers, we find evidence of phonological change in progress as Ganluo Ersu consonants are converging toward Chinese phonology. The results suggest that when an endangered language undergoes convergence toward a majority language due to intense contact, this convergence is manifested in a socially stratified way that is consistent with many of the predictions of the classic Labovian sociolinguistic principles.

Spatializing Authenticity

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-132
Author(s):  
Gwynne Mapes
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
The Social ◽  
Field Notes

In this chapter Mapes turns to ethnographically informed data from four renowned restaurants in Brooklyn, New York, to consider the spatialization of elite authenticity. Based on interviews with chefs, owners, and employees; field notes and photos; as well as archived material from the restaurants’ individual websites, she considers how these restaurants represent various semiotic micro-landscapes. Importantly, it is not just that they comprise complicatedly layered texts, but also that they reflect the social stratification of people, objects, and spaces, as well as a simultaneous and careful disavowal of said stratification.

Introduction

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Kim
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Theory Of Intelligence ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

The world around us abounds with problems requiring creative solutions. Some of these are naturally induced, as when an earthquake levels a city or an epidemic decimates a population. Others are products of our own creation, as in the “need” to curb pollution, to develop a theory of intelligence, or to compose works of art. Still others are a combination of both, as in the development of high-yield grains to feed an overpopulated planet, or the maintenance of health in the face of ravaging diseases. The word problem is used in a general sense to refer to any mental activity having some recognizable goal. The goal itself may not be apparent beforehand. Problems may be characterized by three dimensions relating to domain, difficulty, and size. These attributes are depicted in Figure 1.1. The domain refers to the realm of application. These realms may relate to the sciences, technology, arts, or social crafts. The dimension of difficulty pertains to the conceptual challenge involved in identifying an acceptable solution to the problem. A difficult problem, then, is one that admits no obvious solution, nor even a well-defined approach to seeking it. The size denotes the magnitude of work or resources required to develop a solution and implement it. This attribute differs from the notion of difficulty in that it applies to the stage that comes after a solution has been identified. In other words, difficulty refers to the prior burden in defining a problem or identifying a solution, while size describes the amount of work required to implement or realize the solution once it has jelled conceptually. For convenience in representation on a 2-dimensional page, the domain axis may be compressed into the plane of other attributes. The result is Figure 1.2, which presents sample problems to illustrate the two dimensions of difficulty and size. Cleaning up spilled milk is a trivial problem having numerous simple solutions. In contrast, refacing the subway trains in New York City with a fresh coat of paint is a formidable task that could require hundreds of workyears of effort.

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