Effect of Temperature on Body Size, Developmental Stage, and Timing of Hatching in Ambystoma maculatum

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Randal Voss
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

scholarly journals Whole-body imaging of neural and muscle activity during behavior in Hydra: bidirectional effects of osmolarity on contraction bursts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Yamamoto ◽  
Rafael Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Whole Body Imaging

AbstractThe neural code relates the activity of the nervous system to the activity of the muscles to the generation of behavior. To decipher it, it would be ideal to comprehensively measure the activity of the entire nervous system and musculature in a behaving animal. As a step in this direction, we used the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris to explore how physiological and environmental conditions alter the activity of the entire neural and muscle tissue and affect behavior. We used whole-body calcium imaging of neurons and muscle cells and studied the effect of temperature, media osmolarity, nutritional state and body size on body contractions.In mounted Hydra, changes in temperature, nutrition or body size did not have a major effect on neural or muscle activity, or on behavior. But changes in media osmolarity altered body contractions, increasing them in hipo-osmolar media solutions and decreasing them in hyperosmolar media. Similar effects were seen in ectodermal, but not in endodermal muscle. Osmolarity also bidirectionally changed the activity of contraction bursts neurons, but not of rhythmic potential neurons.These findings show osmolarity-dependent changes in neuronal activity, muscle activity, and contractions, consistent with the hypothesis that contraction burst neurons respond to media osmolarity, activating ectodermal muscle to generate contraction bursts. This dedicated circuit could serve as an excretory system to prevent osmotic injury. This work demonstrates the feasibility of studying the entire neuronal and muscle activity of behaving animals.Significance StatementWe imaged whole-body muscle and neuronal activity in Hydra in response to different physiological and environmental conditions. Osmolarity bidirectionally altered Hydra contractile behavior. These changes were accompanied by corresponding changes in the activity of one neuronal circuit and one set of muscles. This work is a step toward comprehensive deciphering of the mechanisms of animal behavior by measuring the activity of all neurons and muscle cells.

Effect of temperature differentials upon reconstitution of embryonic primordia in Ambystoma

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Jean Piatt
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ambystoma Maculatum ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Temperature

Eggs of Ambystoma maculatum in early stages of development were separated into two groups and maintained at 5 and 14 °C, respectively. In one series of animals comprising both temperature groups, the right otic vesicle was extirpated at stage 27. In another series the right forelimb disc was extirpated at stage 30. Following operation, animals of both groups were kept at 18 °C. Frequency and extent of reconstitution were compared between the two temperature groups. The 5° group was superior to the 14° group in the number of ears and forelimbs reconstituted. The extent of ear reconstitution and the initial quality of forelimb reconstitution were also superior in the 5° group. Statistical analysis of the data indicates that the difference between the two temperature groups is highly significant in both series. It is concluded that a slower pre-operative rate of development, caused by hypothermia, enhances the regenerative capacity of both ear and forelimb fields in the salamander embryo.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on the Size of Sedimentary Remains of Littoral Chydorids

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
János L. Korponai ◽  
Csilla Kövér ◽  
Charo López-Blanco ◽  
István Gyulai ◽  
László Forró ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Subfossil Remains ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Increasing Temperature

The body size of aquatic invertebrates is, to a great extent, dependent on ambient temperature, but size distributions are also determined by other factors like food supply and predation. The effect of temperature on organisms is formulated in the temperature–size hypothesis, which predicts a smaller body size with increasing temperature. In this study, the effect of temperature on the subfossil remains of three littoral Cladocera (Alona affnis, A. quadrangularis, and Chydorus cf. sphaericus) was investigated. Exoskeletal remains of these species can be found in large numbers in lacustrine sediments and over a wide north–south range in Europe. The total length of both headshield and postabdomen for A. affinis and A. quadrangularis and carapace length for C. cf. sphaericus were measured to observe their response to changes in latitude and temperature. A different response to ambient temperature in the growth of body parts was observed. The size of the headshields of both Alona species and of the carapace of Chydorus was significantly larger in colder regions as opposed to warm ones. It turned out that the postabdomen was not a good predictor of ambient temperature. While the sizes of all remains increased with latitude, the sizes of the Alona remains was smaller in the mountain lakes of the Southern Carpathians than in other cold lakes, in this case in Finland, a fact indicative of the importance of other factors on size distribution. This study demonstrates that a morphological response to climate is present in littoral cladocerans, and, therefore, changes in the length of headshield and carapace may be used as a proxy for climate changes in paleolimnological records.

scholarly journals Cannibalism by damselflies increases with rising temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 20170175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denon Start ◽  
Devin Kirk ◽  
Dylan Shea ◽  
Benjamin Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Trophic interactions are likely to change under climate warming. These interactions can be altered directly by changing consumption rates, or indirectly by altering growth rates and size asymmetries among individuals that in turn affect feeding. Understanding these processes is particularly important for intraspecific interactions, as direct and indirect changes may exacerbate antagonistic interactions. We examined the effect of temperature on activity rate, growth and intraspecific size asymmetries, and how these temperature dependencies affected cannibalism in Lestes congener , a damselfly with marked intraspecific variation in size. Temperature increased activity rates and exacerbated differences in body size by increasing growth rates. Increased activity and changes in body size interacted to increase cannibalism at higher temperatures. We argue that our results are likely to be general to species with life-history stages that vary in their temperature dependencies, and that the effects of climate change on communities may depend on the temperature dependencies of intraspecific interactions.

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