Effect of Temperature and Body Size on Oxygen Consumption of Two Species of Eubranchipus (Crustacea: Anostraca)

1983 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Modlin
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Effect Of Temperature

The Oxygen Consumption of an Echiuroid, Bonellia Viridis Rolando

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
A. E. BRAFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. The oxygen consumption of the echiuroid Bonellia viridis has been investigated by means of a continuous-flow polarographic respirometer. 2. The general rate of oxygen consumption per unit dry weight is similar to that characteristic of polychaetes, and declines exponentially with increasing body size. 3. The rate of oxygen consumption rises in the light and falls again if darkness is restored. 4. The oxygen consumption of the isolated proboscis plus that of the isolated body region corresponds closely to that of the entire animal. 5. The oxygen consumption per unit dry weight of the proboscis is considerably higher than that of the body region. 6. The oxygen consumption of an isolated body region increases in the presence of light, but that of an isolated proboscis does not. 7. These findings are discussed in relation to the biology of the animal, observed muscular activity, and the occurrence of the pigment bonellin.

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

scholarly journals Whole-body imaging of neural and muscle activity during behavior in Hydra: bidirectional effects of osmolarity on contraction bursts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Yamamoto ◽  
Rafael Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Whole Body Imaging

AbstractThe neural code relates the activity of the nervous system to the activity of the muscles to the generation of behavior. To decipher it, it would be ideal to comprehensively measure the activity of the entire nervous system and musculature in a behaving animal. As a step in this direction, we used the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris to explore how physiological and environmental conditions alter the activity of the entire neural and muscle tissue and affect behavior. We used whole-body calcium imaging of neurons and muscle cells and studied the effect of temperature, media osmolarity, nutritional state and body size on body contractions.In mounted Hydra, changes in temperature, nutrition or body size did not have a major effect on neural or muscle activity, or on behavior. But changes in media osmolarity altered body contractions, increasing them in hipo-osmolar media solutions and decreasing them in hyperosmolar media. Similar effects were seen in ectodermal, but not in endodermal muscle. Osmolarity also bidirectionally changed the activity of contraction bursts neurons, but not of rhythmic potential neurons.These findings show osmolarity-dependent changes in neuronal activity, muscle activity, and contractions, consistent with the hypothesis that contraction burst neurons respond to media osmolarity, activating ectodermal muscle to generate contraction bursts. This dedicated circuit could serve as an excretory system to prevent osmotic injury. This work demonstrates the feasibility of studying the entire neuronal and muscle activity of behaving animals.Significance StatementWe imaged whole-body muscle and neuronal activity in Hydra in response to different physiological and environmental conditions. Osmolarity bidirectionally altered Hydra contractile behavior. These changes were accompanied by corresponding changes in the activity of one neuronal circuit and one set of muscles. This work is a step toward comprehensive deciphering of the mechanisms of animal behavior by measuring the activity of all neurons and muscle cells.

The Effect of Temperature on the Growth and Respiration of Fish Embryos (Salmo Fario)

1932 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
A. H. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Time Required

1. The rate of respiration (as expressed in c.c. O2 per gram embryo per hour) of the embryos of Salmo fario remains constant at any given temperature until the embryo has reached its maximum growth-rate, after this point it declines. It is suggested that the rate of respiration may be proportional to the amount of available yolk. 2. When incubated at 7° C. the time required to complete development after hatching was 58 days and the total oxygen consumed by an average embryo during this period was 20·31 c.c. (N.T.P.). At 12° the time required for the completion of development was reduced to 27 days, but the oxygen consumption remained practically unchanged at 20·71 c.c. At 3° C. the time required for development was 108 days and the oxygen consumption was 26·96 c.c. per embryo. 3. At 7 and 12° C. the efficiency of development was found to be identical with the value given by Gray for 11·5° C., viz. 63 per cent.; at 3°C. the average efficiency over the period considered was only 54 per cent. 4. It is suggested that, between the limits of temperature to which a trout egg is normally exposed, the effect of temperature on respiration is neither greater nor less than its effect on the growth-rate; possibly both processes are dependent on the same controlling factor. Above and below this range of temperature, the relative intensity of the respiratory processes (to those of growth) is increased, and a smaller embryo is the final result of incubation.

Hibernation, temperature and rates of oxidative phosphorylation by heart mitochondria

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. South
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Heart Mitochondria ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference

The effect of temperature on rates of oxidative phosphorylation (pyruvate substrate) by heart mitochondria obtained from hibernating hamsters, control hamsters and rats was studied. Apparent energies of activation ( Ea) determined between 5° and 24°C were, respectively, 20.4, 20.8 and 28.3 Kcal. for the rates of oxygen consumption and 20.6, 21.4 and 29.5 Kcal. for the rates of phosphorylation. The difference between the rats and either group of hamsters were significant statistically. The slope of the regression line fitted to the data obtained from hibernating animals did not differ significantly from that of the control hamsters. However, a parallel vertical displacement of the lines indicated a probable increase in these oxidative enzymes upon preparation for, or during, hibernation. No significant alterations in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation with variations in the incubation temperature were noted in any of the preparations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document