Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., Snow Algae: Snow Albedo Changes, Algal-Bacterial Interrelationships, and Ultraviolet Radiation Effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Thomas ◽  
Brian Duval
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Snow Albedo ◽  
Snow Algae

Skin Responses to Ultraviolet Radiation: Effects of Constitutive Pigmentation, Sex, and Ancestry

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer K. Wagner ◽  
Esteban J. Parra ◽  
Heather L. Norton ◽  
Celina Jovel ◽  
Mark D. Shriver
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Skin Responses

Assessment of temperature and ultraviolet radiation effects on sunburn incidence at an inland U.S. Beach: A cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Marion ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
James S. Rosenblum ◽  
Timothy J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects

Vacuum ultraviolet radiation effects on two-dimensional MoS2 field-effect transistors

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 073102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian J. McMorrow ◽  
Cory D. Cress ◽  
Heather N. Arnold ◽  
Vinod K. Sangwan ◽  
Deep Jariwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation

scholarly journals SNICAR-ADv3: a community tool for modeling spectral snow albedo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 7673-7704
Author(s):  
Mark G. Flanner ◽  
Julian B. Arnheim ◽  
Joseph M. Cook ◽  
Cheng Dang ◽  
Cenlin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Snow Albedo ◽  
Snow Algae ◽  
Code Base ◽  
Effective Grain Size

Abstract. The Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model has been used in various capacities over the last 15 years to model the spectral albedo of snow with light-absorbing constituents (LACs). Recent studies have extended the model to include an adding-doubling two-stream solver and representations of non-spherical ice particles; carbon dioxide snow; snow algae; and new types of mineral dust, volcanic ash, and brown carbon. New options also exist for ice refractive indices and solar-zenith-angle-dependent surface spectral irradiances used to derive broadband albedo. The model spectral range was also extended deeper into the ultraviolet for studies of extraterrestrial and high-altitude cryospheric surfaces. Until now, however, these improvements and capabilities have not been merged into a unified code base. Here, we document the formulation and evaluation of the publicly available SNICAR-ADv3 source code, web-based model, and accompanying library of constituent optical properties. The use of non-spherical ice grains, which scatter less strongly into the forward direction, reduces the simulated albedo perturbations from LACs by ∼9 %–31 %, depending on which of the three available non-spherical shapes are applied. The model compares very well against measurements of snow albedo from seven studies, though key properties affecting snow albedo are not fully constrained with measurements, including ice effective grain size of the top sub-millimeter of the snowpack, mixing state of LACs with respect to ice grains, and site-specific LAC optical properties. The new default ice refractive indices produce extremely high pure snow albedo (>0.99) in the blue and ultraviolet part of the spectrum, with such values only measured in Antarctica so far. More work is needed particularly in the representation of snow algae, including experimental verification of how different pigment expressions and algal cell concentrations affect snow albedo. Representations and measurements of the influence of liquid water on spectral snow albedo are also needed.

Photodegradation of herbicides with different chemical natures in aqueous solution by ultraviolet radiation. Effects of operational variables and solution chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Orellana-García ◽  
Miguel A. Álvarez ◽  
Victoria López-Ramón ◽  
José Rivera-Utrilla ◽  
Manuel Sánchez-Polo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Operational Variables
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document