scholarly journals LARVAL DEVELOPMENT OF PAGURUS LONGICARPUS SAY REARED IN THE LABORATORY, I. DESCRIPTION OF LARVAL INSTARS

1970 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
MORRIS H. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Pagurus Longicarpus ◽  
Larval Instars

scholarly journals Ovarian growth during larval development of queen and worker of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae): a morphometric and histological study

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Reginato ◽  
C. Cruz-Landim
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Ovarian Growth

The present work reports the differences between the ovarian grow in queen and worker larvae of A. mellifera, from the start of differential feeding. The observations made of the growth rates in larvae of both castes showed that the queen and worker larvae have the same rates of cephalic capsule growth from one instar to another but the weight gain is greater in queens. In the same way, the draw areas of ovaries of queens increase more and continuously, while from the 5th instar on the ovaries of workers decrease in size. The decrease is due to a loss of ovariole numbers that starts early in the worker larvae and increases in the 4th-5th instar. The ovarian shape in queens and workers became different in the last larval instars.

EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURES ON THE NUMBER OF LARVAL INSTARS OF THE ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH, GRAPHOLITHA MOLESTA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Roberts ◽  
Jean R. Proctor ◽  
J. H. H. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Grapholitha Molesta ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

AbstractLaboratory tests, at constant temperatures, were conducted to evaluate quantitatively the influence of temperature on development of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta (Busck). The results showed that at the highest temperature (30°C) some larvae had four instars and some had five, indicating a mixed population. Fifth instar larvae developed only at the highest temperature (30°C) where larval development was also most rapid. It can, therefore, be assumed that the Oriental fruit moth has four distinct larval instars when reared in the laboratory at 15°–24 °C.

scholarly journals Life history and phenology of Phylloicus pulchrus (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in a tropical rainforest stream of Puerto Rico

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limarie J. Reyes-Torres ◽  
Alonso Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Adult Abundance

Caddisflies are abundant, diverse, and important insects in freshwater ecosystems.  However our knowledge on their life history is incomplete, in particular for the Neotropics. The objectives of this study were to describe the life history and phenology of Phylloicus pulchrus in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. Eggs and larvae were reared to determine the species lifespan and time in each instar. Larval instars were determined based on a head width vs. pronotal suture length correlation (N= 120). Larvae and benthic leaf litter were sampled monthly at a headwater stream for a year; all specimens were classified into instars based on their case size. Adult P. pulchrus were sampled monthly for a year with a light trap and at various times with a Malaise trap. Monthly environmental variables were related to species and sex abundance. There was a gradient of egg development where eggs (within compound masses) closest to the water were more developed. There were five larval instars and reared larvae showed longer development times and more variable body measurements in later instars. The best correlation for larval instar determination was case length-head width (Pearson= 0.90, P= 2.2e-16, N= 120). Phylloicus pulchrus has a multivoltine life cycle, with asynchronous larval development. Adult abundance was low. First to third instar larvae were influenced significantly by rainfall and rainfall seasonality had a negative significant effect on second instar larval abundance (ANOVA= 7.45, P= 0.02).Compound egg masses were probably oviposited by different females that gathered for oviposition. Phylloicus pulchrus follows the predominant developmental characteristic of Trichoptera of having five larval stages. Development times were longer than expected (longest times for a Phylloicus species) and may be an effect of laboratory rearing. The influence of rainfall (and seasonality) on different larval instars highlights the importance of this variable on early larval development. The cause of low adult abundance remains unclear, but may be related to low emergence rates and trap efficiency. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 814-825. Epub 2018 June 01. 

scholarly journals Development and determination of larval stages of fall armyworm on some staple crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-457
Author(s):  
O.O. Odeyemi ◽  
O.T. Alamu ◽  
G.A. Yekinni ◽  
Q.O. Oloyede-Kamiyo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Head Capsule Width ◽  
Mean Width

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a serious emerging pest of maize (Zea mays L.) and many other alternative crop hosts in sub-Saharan Africa. Adequate knowledge on the development of S. frugiperda on maize and other alternative host crops is important in the development of integrated pest management programmes. The objective of this study was to determine the larval developmental stages of FAW using head capsule and other body morphometrics of FAW on maize and other alternative host crops in Nigeria. Food hosts (maize, cassava and cowpea) were replicated five times and arranged in a Completely Randomised Design. The results showed that mean growth ratio of larval development on maize, cassava and cowpea were 1.51, 1.54 and 1.50, respectively; and all conformed to Dyar’s rule. Head capsule width of larval instars showed six frequency peaks, representing six larval instars. Mean width of head capsule from the first to sixth larval, in the three crops, were significantly different. The shortest (14 days) and longest (17 days) developmental periods were recorded on maize and cassava. Pupal weight and length were not significantly different among the crops. There was a linear and significant correlation (maize = 0.98, cassava = 0.98 and cowpea = 0.99) between the stages of larval development and head capsule width. The number of larval instars of FAW, duration of their developments and the weights of larva and pupa on maize, cassava and cowpea are useful information in determining the number of generations of FAW on each crop. This information could, therefore, be applied in decision making on the appropriate time and duration of application of control actions when these crops are infested.

The larval development of Dacus tryoni (Frogg,) (Diptera : Trypetidae) 1. larval instars, Imaginal discs, and haemocytes.

1963 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Imaginal Discs ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Lymph Glands ◽  
Pericardial Cells ◽  
Genital Discs

In D. tryoni three larval instars occur, distinguishable by their mouth hooks and anterior and posterior spiracles. In the first two instars, the imaginal discs established during embryonic development grow slowly, only the cephalic discs showing marked change. Paired labial and lateral genital discs invaginate during the second half of the 2nd instar. During the 3rd instar, the imaginal discs increase further in size, first rapidly, then more slowly. Each shows attenuation of the lateral wall as a peripodial membrane, thickening and folding of the median wall without histodifferentiation and, in the wing, haltere, leg, and genital discs, formation of mesoderm from cells in the outer part of the median wall. Disc morphogenesis is largely completed by 120 hr after hatching. A single pair of lymph glands and 13-15 pairs of pericardial cells lie along the heart. Both show cell enlargement during larval life but no proliferation. Haemocytes in the blood arise directly from embryonic mesoderm as two main types, numerous spheroids and less numerous hexagons. They circulate freely in the living larva, but tend to occur in irregular clumps in fixed material, especially after 120 hr. No epigenetic relationship between haemocytes, imaginal discs, and lymph glands such as that described for Drosophila melanogaster by el-Shatoury and Waddington can be discerned in D. tryoni. The haemocytes do not arise from the lymph glands. The disc mesoderm does not arise from the haemocytes. The larval development of the discs is largely completed before the haemocytes become numerous.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oestrus ovis(Diptera: Oestridae) in sheep from the São Paulo Central region, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Fernanda da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Puglia Machado ◽  
Thiago Braga Izidoro ◽  
Alessandro Francisco Talamini do Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Oestrus Ovis ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Infestation Intensity

The heads of 139 slaughtered sheep were examined with the aim of determining Oestrus ovis prevalence and infestation intensity in the central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Heads from slaughtered sheep were examined and the first (L1), second (L2) and third (L3) O. ovis larval instars were recovered from the nasal and sinus cavities. O. ovislarvae were detected in 13.7% of the sheep analyzed. The monthly mean intensity of infestation ranged from 1 to 10.2 larvae per infested head, with general mean intensity of 4.5 larvae/infested head. Of the total of 85 larvae, 21.2% were L1, 37.6% L2 and 41.2% L3. In conclusion, all different O. ovis larvae instars were recovered from slaughtered animals, which demonstrates the existence of favorable climatic conditions for the fly activity and larval development of O. ovis in sheep raised in the Central region of the State of São Paulo.

LIFE HISTORY AND SEASONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN WINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), IN WESTERN OREGON

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Miller ◽  
Jan E. Cronhardt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Temperature Thresholds

AbstractIn western Oregon, Operophtera occidentalis (Hulst) has four larval instars, is univoltine, and polyphagous. Adult activity peaked in early December, eggs overwintered, larvae were present from March to June, and pupae from May to December. Temperature thresholds for egg and larval development were estimated to be 2 °C. Few species of natural enemies were observed and rates of parasitism averaged 2%.

scholarly journals From Basic to Applied Knowledge: Larval Development and Sex Morphology to Control Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Motta ◽  
Juliana Dantas ◽  
Leonardo Vidal ◽  
João Bilio ◽  
José Roberto Pujol-Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Leucoptera Coffeella ◽  
Coffee Leaf Miner ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Applied Knowledge

The coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet), is a key pest in coffee producing countries. During their development, the larvae feed on the palisade parenchyma of the leaves forming mines. As a result, the photosynthetic area of the plant decreases, affecting coffee production. Despite the severity of the damage caused by coffee leaf miner (CLM), morphological aspects of the larval development and the adult genitalia remain unknown. It is important to identify more susceptible targets to an efficient and narrow control by natural or synthetic approaches, relies on determining the larval instars. Equally important is the sexing of the adult, in experiments aiming efficient ways to control CLM, as the study of pheromone-based control methods. This work presents the first morphological description of the four larval instars and the adult genitalia of L. coffeella. In each larval instar, we measured the Mean ± SD (mm) of the cephalic capsules (1st 0,14±0,03; 2nd 0,25±0,04; 3rd 0,32±0,03; 4th 0,42±0,03) and observed the following morphological details: primary setae, prolegs, crochets and ecdysial line of the cephalic capsule. In the adults, we observed the sexual structures present in both genitalia: male - bulbus ejaculatorius, valva, anellus, gnathos and aedeagus and female - ovipositor, sclerite and corpus bursae. The dissection of the adult specimens confirmed that the external morphology corresponds to the correct sex attribution in CLM adults. These results may support innovative and improved control strategies for CLM Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

Body Size and Cuticular Hydrocarbons as Larval Age Indicators in the Forensic Blow Fly, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayeza Alotaibi ◽  
Mohammed Alkuriji ◽  
Salwa AlReshaidan ◽  
Reem Alajmi ◽  
Dina M Metwally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbons ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Chrysomya Albiceps ◽  
Rearing Temperature ◽  
Geographical Regions

Abstract Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819) is one of the most important insects in forensic entomology. Its larval developmental and survival rates are influenced by nutritional resources, temperature, humidity, and geographical regions. The present study investigated the possibility of relying on body size and cuticular hydrocarbon composition as indicators for age estimation of the different larval instars of C. albiceps. Larvae were maintained in standardized laboratory conditions at different experimental temperatures. All larval instars (first, second, and third) were randomly collected for measuring their body sizes and for estimating their cuticular hydrocarbons at different rearing temperatures (30, 35, 40, and 45°C) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results indicated that the duration of larval stage was temperature dependent as it gradually decreased on increasing the rearing temperature (30, 35, and 40°C) except 45°C at which larval development was ceased. In contrary, larval body size, in terms of length, width, and weight, was temperature dependent as it gradually increased with larval development on increasing rearing temperature except at 45°C at which larval development was ceased. The GC–MS showed a significant difference in the extracted components of cuticular hydrocarbons between different larval instars reared in the same temperature and between the same larval instar that reared at different temperatures. Furthermore, the highest and lowest amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons were detected at 35 and 40°C, respectively. Overall, larval body size and cuticular hydrocarbon components were temperature dependent within the range 30–40°C, which may suggest them as possible reliable age indicators for estimating the postmortem interval in the field of medicolegal entomology.

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