Predation, Density Dependence, and Life Histories of Dragonflies: A Field Experiment in a Freshwater Community

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan M. Johnson ◽  
Thomas H. Martin ◽  
Mahendra Mahato ◽  
Larry B. Crowder ◽  
Philip H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Freshwater Community

“Variation and selective retention” as an evolutionary epistemology: were Donald Campbell's life histories sufficient?

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Blute
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
Sociocultural Evolution ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Classic Essay ◽  
Tree Building

Campbell's “evolutionary epistemology” is used more frequently to refer to extensions of Darwinism than other phrases, and his description of it as “variation and selective retention” is highly cited. However, we can still ask whether it is sufficient. The evidence from his classic essay is that he understood it to include somatic maintenance and reproductive growth, but omitted somatic growth and reproductive maintenance. We describe some of the complexity of the evolutionary ecology of life histories, including ecological and ecological versus social density-dependence and scale-dependence, and find that, interestingly, understood as a distinction between spending and investing, the traditional r versus K density-dependence distinction yields the same pattern of expected life history traits as does scale-dependence (although there should be other ways of distinguishing them). We then use this to fill in the missing somatic growth and offspring maintenance of Campbell's model of sociocultural evolution. In concluding, we emphasize the degree to which not only the evolutionary ecology of life histories but also the logic of population genetics and tree-building have been found relevant to the social sciences. Donald Campbell and David Hull, both now deceased, will be remembered as early modern pioneers of the theory of Darwinian sociocultural evolution.

scholarly journals Density-dependence interacts with extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0186661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Jan Dańko ◽  
Oskar Burger ◽  
Jan Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality

scholarly journals Timescales and the management of ecological systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (51) ◽  
pp. 14568-14573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Management ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Simple Systems

Human management of ecological systems, including issues like fisheries, invasive species, and restoration, as well as others, often must be undertaken with limited information. This means that developing general principles and heuristic approaches is important. Here, I focus on one aspect, the importance of an explicit consideration of time, which arises because of the inherent limitations in the response of ecological systems. I focus mainly on simple systems and models, beginning with systems without density dependence, which are therefore linear. Even for these systems, it is important to recognize the necessary delays in the response of the ecological system to management. Here, I also provide details for optimization that show how general results emerge and emphasize how delays due to demography and life histories can change the optimal management approach. A brief discussion of systems with density dependence and tipping points shows that the same themes emerge, namely, that when considering issues of restoration or management to change the state of an ecological system, that timescales need explicit consideration and may change the optimal approach in important ways.

Effects of size selection versus density dependence on life histories: A first experimental probe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Lyberger ◽  
Thomas W. Schoener ◽  
Sebastian J. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Size Selection

Life Histories of Patients With Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of 2,000 Cases

1950 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyman P. Sloan ◽  
F. Arnold Bargen ◽  
Robert P. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Life Histories
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