Effects of size selection versus density dependence on life histories: A first experimental probe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Lyberger ◽  
Thomas W. Schoener ◽  
Sebastian J. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Size Selection

Predation, Density Dependence, and Life Histories of Dragonflies: A Field Experiment in a Freshwater Community

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan M. Johnson ◽  
Thomas H. Martin ◽  
Mahendra Mahato ◽  
Larry B. Crowder ◽  
Philip H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Freshwater Community

“Variation and selective retention” as an evolutionary epistemology: were Donald Campbell's life histories sufficient?

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Blute
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Scale Dependence ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
Sociocultural Evolution ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Classic Essay ◽  
Tree Building

Campbell's “evolutionary epistemology” is used more frequently to refer to extensions of Darwinism than other phrases, and his description of it as “variation and selective retention” is highly cited. However, we can still ask whether it is sufficient. The evidence from his classic essay is that he understood it to include somatic maintenance and reproductive growth, but omitted somatic growth and reproductive maintenance. We describe some of the complexity of the evolutionary ecology of life histories, including ecological and ecological versus social density-dependence and scale-dependence, and find that, interestingly, understood as a distinction between spending and investing, the traditional r versus K density-dependence distinction yields the same pattern of expected life history traits as does scale-dependence (although there should be other ways of distinguishing them). We then use this to fill in the missing somatic growth and offspring maintenance of Campbell's model of sociocultural evolution. In concluding, we emphasize the degree to which not only the evolutionary ecology of life histories but also the logic of population genetics and tree-building have been found relevant to the social sciences. Donald Campbell and David Hull, both now deceased, will be remembered as early modern pioneers of the theory of Darwinian sociocultural evolution.

scholarly journals Density-dependence interacts with extrinsic mortality in shaping life histories

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e0186661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Jan Dańko ◽  
Oskar Burger ◽  
Jan Kozłowski
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Extrinsic Mortality

scholarly journals Timescales and the management of ecological systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (51) ◽  
pp. 14568-14573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Management ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Simple Systems

Human management of ecological systems, including issues like fisheries, invasive species, and restoration, as well as others, often must be undertaken with limited information. This means that developing general principles and heuristic approaches is important. Here, I focus on one aspect, the importance of an explicit consideration of time, which arises because of the inherent limitations in the response of ecological systems. I focus mainly on simple systems and models, beginning with systems without density dependence, which are therefore linear. Even for these systems, it is important to recognize the necessary delays in the response of the ecological system to management. Here, I also provide details for optimization that show how general results emerge and emphasize how delays due to demography and life histories can change the optimal management approach. A brief discussion of systems with density dependence and tipping points shows that the same themes emerge, namely, that when considering issues of restoration or management to change the state of an ecological system, that timescales need explicit consideration and may change the optimal approach in important ways.

Life Histories of Patients With Chronic Ulcerative Colitis: A Review of 2,000 Cases

1950 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyman P. Sloan ◽  
F. Arnold Bargen ◽  
Robert P. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Life Histories

Power and politics in migration narrative methodology: Research with young Congolese migrants in Uganda

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Clark-Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Young People ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Personal Boundaries ◽  
Migration Narratives ◽  
Narrative Methodology

This paper explores the power dynamics inherent in qualitative research involving migration narratives. Drawing on the author’s experiences collecting life histories and constructing narratives of Congolese young people in Uganda, this article addresses the ethical and methodological issues of representivity, ownership, anonymity and confidentiality. It also explores the importance of investment in relationships in migration narrative research, but also the difficulties that arise when professional and personal boundaries become blurred.

Isotopic characterization of lifetime movement by two demersal fishes from the northeastern Gulf of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
JL Vecchio ◽  
JL Ostroff ◽  
EB Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Red Grouper ◽  
Lens Diameter ◽  
Isotopic Characterization

An understanding of lifetime trophic changes and ontogenetic habitat shifts is essential to the preservation of marine fish species. We used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) recorded within the laminar structure of fish eye lenses, reflecting both diet and location over time, to compare the lifetime trends of 2 demersal mesopredators. Tilefish Lopholatilus chamaeleonticeps inhabit burrows on the outer continental shelf, which results in exceptional site fidelity. Red grouper Epinephelus morio are spawned on the middle to outer continental shelf, move to the inner shelf for the juvenile period, and return offshore upon sexual maturity. Both species inhabit the eastern Gulf of Mexico, a region with a distinctive offshore-inshore gradient in background δ13C values. Within individual tilefish (n = 36), sequences of δ13C values and δ15N values had strong, positive correlations with eye-lens diameter, and strong correlations between the 2 isotopes (mean Spearman r = 0.86), reflecting an increase in trophic position with growth and little lifetime movement. In red grouper (n = 30), δ15N values positively correlated with eye-lens diameter, but correlations between δ15N and δ13C were weak (mean Spearman r = 0.29), suggesting cross-shelf ontogenetic movements. Linear mixed model results indicated strong relationships between δ15N and δ13C values in tilefish eye lenses but no convergence in the red grouper model. Collectively, these results are consistent with previously established differences in the life histories of the 2 species, demonstrating the potential utility of eye-lens isotope records, particularly for investigating the life histories of lesser-known species.

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