Reproductive Ecology and Spawning Periodicity of the Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia (Pisces: Atherinidae)

Copeia ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (4) ◽  
pp. 766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Middaugh
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Spawning Periodicity

scholarly journals You Better Repeat It: Complex CO2 × Temperature Effects in Atlantic Silverside Offspring Revealed by Serial Experimentation

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Murray ◽  
Hannes Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Co2 Effects ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Concurrent ocean warming and acidification demand experimental approaches that assess biological sensitivities to combined effects of these potential stressors. Here, we summarize five CO2 × temperature experiments on wild Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, offspring that were reared under factorial combinations of CO2 (nominal: 400, 2200, 4000, and 6000 µatm) and temperature (17, 20, 24, and 28 °C) to quantify the temperature-dependence of CO2 effects in early life growth and survival. Across experiments and temperature treatments, we found few significant CO2 effects on response traits. Survival effects were limited to a single experiment, where elevated CO2 exposure reduced embryo survival at 17 and 24 °C. Hatch length displayed CO2 × temperature interactions due largely to reduced hatch size at 24 °C in one experiment but increased length at 28 °C in another. We found no overall influence of CO2 on larval growth or survival to 9, 10, 15 and 13–22 days post-hatch, at 28, 24, 20, and 17 °C, respectively. Importantly, exposure to cooler (17 °C) and warmer (28 °C) than optimal rearing temperatures (24 °C) in this species did not appear to increase CO2 sensitivity. Repeated experimentation documented substantial inter- and intra-experiment variability, highlighting the need for experimental replication to more robustly constrain inherently variable responses. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the early life stages of this ecologically important forage fish appear largely tolerate to even extreme levels of CO2 across a broad thermal regime.

Darwinian fishery science: lessons from the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia)

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O Conover ◽  
Stephen A Arnott ◽  
Matthew R Walsh ◽  
Stephan B Munch
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Adaptive Genetic Variation ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Fishery Science ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Contrary Evidence

The potential of fishing mortality to cause rapid evolutionary changes in life history has received relatively little attention. By focusing only on ecological responses, standard fisheries theory and practice implicitly assume either that genetic influences on life history in the wild are negligible or that natural selection and adaptation is a slow process that can be effectively ignored. Lack of contrary evidence has allowed these assumptions to persist. Drawing upon >25 years of research on the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), we show that adaptive genetic variation in many traits is finely tuned to natural variation in climate. Much of this variation is caused by a gradient in size-selective winter mortality and involves two- to threefold changes in physiological traits that influence population productivity. Many other species are now known to display similar patterns. Harvest experiments show that these traits can evolve rapidly in response to size-selective fishing. Hence, the pool of genotypes that code for life history traits is a highly dynamic property of populations. We argue that the lessons from Menidia are applicable to many exploited species where similar observations would be difficult to obtain and advocate greater use of species models to address fundamental questions in fishery science.

scholarly journals Mercury bioaccumulation increases with latitude in a coastal marine fish (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Baumann ◽  
Robert P. Mason ◽  
David O. Conover ◽  
Prentiss Balcom ◽  
Celia Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Fish ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Latitudinal Patterns

Human exposure to the neurotoxic methylmercury (MeHg) occurs primarily via the consumption of marine fish, but the processes underlying large-scale spatial variations in fish MeHg concentrations [MeHg], which influence human exposure, are not sufficiently understood. We used the Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia), an extensively studied model species and important forage fish, to examine latitudinal patterns in total mercury (Hg) [Hg] and [MeHg]. Both [Hg] and [MeHg] significantly increased with latitude (0.014 and 0.048 μg MeHg·g dry weight−1 per degree of latitude in juveniles and adults, respectively). Four known latitudinal trends in silverside traits help explain these patterns: latitudinal increase in MeHg assimilation efficiency, latitudinal decrease in MeHg efflux, latitudinal increase in weight loss due to longer and more severe winters, and latitudinal increase in food consumption as an adaptation to decreasing length of the growing season. Given the absence of a latitudinal pattern in particulate MeHg, a diet proxy for zooplanktivorous fish, we conclude that large-scale spatial variation in growth is the primary control of Hg bioaccumulation in this and potentially other fish species.

Population Dynamics of the Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia

1984 ◽  
Vol 435 (1 First Colloqu) ◽  
pp. 358-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA E. WARKENTINE ◽  
JOSEPH W. RACHLIN
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Atlantic Silverside

Consequences of elevated CO2 exposure across multiple life stages in a coastal forage fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Murray ◽  
Lee A. Fuiman ◽  
Hannes Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Exposure Experiment

Ocean acidification may impact the fitness of marine fish, however, studies reporting neutral to moderate effects have mostly performed short-term exposures to elevated CO2, whereas longer-term studies across life stages are still scarce. We performed a CO2 exposure experiment, in which a large number (n > 2200) of Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia offspring from wild spawners were reared for 135 days through their embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages under control (500 µatm) and high CO2 conditions (2300 µatm). Although survival was high across treatments, subtle but significant differences in length, weight, condition factor and fatty acid (FA) composition were observed. On average, fish from the acidified treatment were 4% shorter and weighed 6% less, but expressed a higher condition factor than control juveniles. In addition, the metrics of length and weight distributions differed significantly, with juveniles from the high CO2 treatment occupying more extreme size classes and the length distribution shifting to a positive kurtosis. Six of twenty-seven FAs differed significantly between treatments. Our results suggest that high CO2 conditions alter long-term growth in M. menidia, particularly in the absence of excess food. It remains to be shown whether and how these differences will impact fish populations in the wild facing size-selective predation and seasonally varying prey abundance.

Latitudinal variation in vertebrate number has a genetic basis in the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1796-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Billerbeck ◽  
G Ortí ◽  
D O Conover
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Random Genetic Drift ◽  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Northern Population ◽  
Vertebral Number ◽  
Atlantic Silverside ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Latitudinal Trend

Variation in the number of vertebrae was examined in field and laboratory populations of the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia, drawn from across the species' range along the Atlantic coast of North America. Vertebral counts of wild fish increased and were tightly correlated (r = 0.995) with latitude in accordance with Jordan's rule. This strong correlation persisted in laboratory stocks reared for multiple generations in a range of common environments, revealing a genetic basis to Jordan's rule. Selection over the winter in the field increased mean vertebral number in the northern population, intensifying the latitudinal trend in vertebral number that existed in the fall. The combined field and laboratory data support the hypothesis that vertebral number in fishes is adaptive. Moreover, these data implicate natural selection as opposed to random genetic drift as the cause of Jordan's rule.

Winter Offshore Diet of the Atlantic Silverside, Menidia menidia

Copeia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara E. Warkentine ◽  
Joseph W. Rachlin
Keyword(s):  
Menidia Menidia ◽  
Atlantic Silverside
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