Effects of Band Color on Survivorship, Body Condition and Reproductive Effort of Free-Living Australian Zebra Finches

The Auk ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Free Living

Intra- and inter-individual variation in reproductive effort in captive-breeding zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Zebra Finches

Intraspecific variation in egg size, clutch size, and timing of laying was studied in captive-breeding zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) maintained under conditions of constant temperature, humidity, photoperiod (14 h light: 10 h dark), and ad libitum food supply. Individual variation was marked in the experimental population: egg size 0.915–1.342 g, clutch size 2–7 eggs, and laying interval 4–13 days; however, within individual females egg size (r = 0.742) and clutch size (r = 0.588) were highly repeatable between first and second clutches. Body condition explained only 8% of egg size variation, and clutch size and laying interval were independent of body condition. Clutch size was negatively related to laying interval: females laying later relative to pairing laid smaller clutches (b = −0.175 eggs/day). Body mass of breeding females decreased by 1.57 g (9% of initial mass) during laying of first clutches; mass loss was positively related to initial body condition (R2 = 27.8%) and total clutch mass (R2 = 7.6%). Mass loss was lower (0.47 g) during laying of second or replacement clutches than during laying of first clutches. Individual variation in reproductive effort in captive-breeding zebra finches is very similar to that in free-living avian populations. Laboratory studies on captive-breeding species can provide a valuable approach for the study of proximate physiological mechanisms underlying intraspecific variation in reproduction.

ARE BODY CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF LAYING GREATER SNOW GEESE AFFECTED BY THE SPRING HUNT?

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mainguy ◽  
Joël Bêty ◽  
Gilles Gauthier ◽  
Jean-François Giroux
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Snow Geese

Timing is the only thing: reproduction in female yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Vasilieva ◽  
A.V. Tchabovsky
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Litter Mass ◽  
Individual Offspring ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Spermophilus Fulvus

Based on 4-year field observations of yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus (Lichtenstein, 1823)), we determined whether female reproductive effort, annual reproductive success, and survival were dependent on age, body condition, time of emergence from hibernation, and previous reproduction. The probability of weaning a litter did not vary with female age, body condition, time of emergence, or previous reproduction. Litter size, litter mass, and offspring survival did not vary with age, whereas individual offspring mass was lower in yearlings than in older females. Body condition upon emergence had no effect on litter size, litter mass, offspring mass, and survival. Reproduction did not influence female survival, physical condition upon emergence next spring, or subsequent reproductive efforts. The only factor that affected the extent of reproductive effort and offspring survival was the date of emergence: the later a female emerged, the lower the total and mean offspring mass, and fewer offspring survived. The modulation of reproduction in female S. fulvus by only the timing of vernal emergence and independent of other individual characteristics can be explained by the high costs of missed reproductive opportunity because of short longevity combined with low costs of reproduction when resources are abundant enough to meet both somatic and reproductive needs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Giardia spp. from free living and owned dogs in Tunja-Boyacá, Colombia

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-343
Author(s):  
M. O. Pulido-Medellín ◽  
J. C. Giraldo-Forero ◽  
G. I. Chavarro-Tulcán
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Condition ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
P Value ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Concentration Method

Giardia spp. is a zoonotic protozoan that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and other animal species across the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Giardia spp. in free living and owned dogs from Tunja - Colombia by Ritchie concentration method and to identify the risk factors (living condition, age, sex, stool consistency, body condition and hair condition) associated with infection. To address the objective a cross-sectional study was carried out. The study population consisted of 200 dogs. Faecal samples were collected from 100 stray dogs and 100 owned dogs using a convenient sampling method. Risk factors were analysed by logistic regression analysis. Risk was expressed as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Descriptive epidemiology and risk factors were performed using EpiInfo software. A P value of <0.05 was statistically significant. The overall prevalence of Giardia spp. was 39%; cysts were detected by microscopy in 38 of 100 stray dogs and 40 of 100 owned dogs. It was concluded that the prevalence of Giardia spp. in Tunja city was high, with no distinction between stray and owned dogs. We also found that the analysed variables (sex, age, hair condition, body condition and stool consistency) did not constitute risk factors for infection with Giardia spp.

scholarly journals An alternative method for determining the body condition index of the free-living South American coati

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Filipe Martins Santos ◽  
David Risco ◽  
Nayara Yoshie Sano ◽  
Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo ◽  
Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Condition Index ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Biometric Measurements

Assessing and monitoring the welfare of free-living mammals is not a usual process due to the logistical complications associated with their capture and sedation, collection and storage of biological samples and their release. In this context, non-invasive methods for monitoring wildlife constitute a good alternative approach for in situ conservation. Body condition index, as a measurement of health status, has been used in free-living mammals; its low value may be associated with negative effects on reproduction and survival. The present study aimed to generate an alternative and reliable non-invasive method and then determine the body condition index, based on previously-collected biometric measurements, without the need to capture and immobilise the animals. A total of 178 free-living Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766 were trapped, weighed and measured. Statistical methods were used, based on Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) using body mass, biometric measurements (body length, height and chest girth) and gender as explanatory variables. To assess the agreement between the real Body Condition Indices (BCIs) and the predicted values of BCIs, we explored the correlation between each model using the Bland-Altman method. This method showed a strong agreement between the predictive BRT models proposed (standardised residuals from a linear regression between body length and chest girth) and standardised residuals (linear regression between body mass and body length). The results obtained herein showed that BRT modelling, based on biometrical features, is an alternative way to verify the body conditions of coatis without the need to capture and immobilise the animals.

scholarly journals Head-started Agassiz’s desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii achieved high survival, growth, and body condition in natural field enclosures

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 305-321
Author(s):  
KA Nagy ◽  
BT Henen ◽  
LS Hillard
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Gopherus Agassizii ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Condition Indices ◽  
Water Supplementation

We measured survival, growth, and body condition of 8 hatchling cohorts of desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii (living in predator-resistant outdoor pens in the Mojave Desert, California, USA) over 11 yr to evaluate head-starting methods. At 11 yr of age, 7 times as many of the first cohort had survived than if they had been free-living tortoises. Subsequent improvements in predator control, food and water supplementation, and pen structure increased survival from 7 to 10 times that under wild conditions in younger cohorts. Annual survival averaged 96%. Carapace length (CL) increased 6.95 mm yr-1, similar to that of free-living tortoises. Annual growth rates varied with calendar year (possibly reflecting food and water supply), age, cohort (year hatched), mother, and in 4 dry years, with crowding. Most of the first cohort grew to a releasable size (CL >100 mm) by their 9th year. Body condition indices remained high, indicating little dehydration despite droughts in 8 of the 11 years, because irrigation offered drinking opportunities. Head-started tortoises developed fully hardened shells (≥98% of adult shell hardness) earlier (10.1 vs. 11.6 yr), but at a larger CL (117 vs. 104 mm) than did free-living tortoises. Selective feeding in head-start pens decreased subsequent germination of favored wildflower species, apparently by reducing the natural seedbank. Consequently, we reseeded and irrigated each autumn to promote subsequent spring food supply. We irrigated in early summer to enable drinking and ensuing consumption of dry, dead plants and Bermuda grass hay, a supplement. These procedures can greatly improve juvenile survivorship, and increase numbers of hard-shelled, midsized juveniles to help augment wild populations.

scholarly journals Body condition impacts blood and muscle oxygen storage capacity of free-living beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas)

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. jeb191916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Choy ◽  
Kevin L. Campbell ◽  
Michael Berenbrink ◽  
James D. Roth ◽  
Lisa L. Loseto
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Storage Capacity ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Delphinapterus Leucas ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Beluga Whales ◽  
Muscle Oxygen
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