Microhabitat Use by a Small Diurnal Rodent (Octodon degus) in a Semiarid Environment: Thermoregulatory Constraints or Predation Risk?

1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor O. Lagos ◽  
Francisco Bozinovic ◽  
Luis C. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Octodon Degus ◽  
Semiarid Environment

The effect of cover and food on space use by wintering Song Sparrows and Field Sparrows

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Beck ◽  
Bryan D. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Woody Cover ◽  
Species Specific

The distribution of birds among microhabitats may reflect species-specific resource requirements. Both food availability and predation risk have been shown to influence patterns of microhabitat use by sparrows during winter. We investigated the influence of vegetative cover and food on microhabitat use using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Both woody cover and food were manipulated at the plot level. The presence of screening cover (weed stems) was manipulated within plots. Sparrows showed a positive response to the presence of both cover and food. Within plots, sparrows selected areas with screening cover. The distribution of birds between areas with and without screening cover was influenced by the presence of woody cover and food. Conversely, the presence of screening cover reduced the influence of woody cover on the distribution of birds within patches. Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) and Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) differed in their response to treatments both within and across plots, suggesting that trade-offs between foraging and predation risk may be important in the structuring of winter sparrow assemblages. Additionally, screening cover appears to moderate predation risk and therefore to affect distribution patterns.

scholarly journals Microhabitat use and behavior of voles under weasel and raptor predation risk: predator facilitation?

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Korpimaki ◽  
Vesa Koivunen ◽  
Hani Hakkarainen
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
And Behavior

Habitat deterioration affects antipredatory behavior, body condition, and parasite load of female Psammodromus algirus lizards

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Amo ◽  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Health State ◽  
Habitat Deterioration ◽  
Antipredatory Behavior ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Psammodromus Algirus

Deforestation may increase predation risk for prey because it may make prey more conspicuous and limit the number of refuges suitable to avoid predators. Therefore, prey may need to increase the magnitude of escape responses. However, excessive antipredatory effort might lead to a loss of body mass and a decrease in defense against parasites, with important consequences for short- and long-term fitness. We analyzed whether Psammodromus algirus (L., 1758) lizards that inhabit patches with different levels of deterioration of the vegetation within the same oak forest differed in relative abundance numbers, microhabitat use, antipredatory strategies, and health state. Results showed lizards selected similar microhabitats regardless of the level of deterioration of the vegetation and relative abundance of lizards was similar in both areas. However, habitat deterioration seemed to increase predation risk, at least for females, because they were detected at longer distances in deteriorated areas. Females seemed to adjust their antipredatory behavior accordingly to high risk of predation by increasing approach distances allowed to predators. The costs associated with frequent antipredatory displays might explain why females in deteriorated habitats had lower body condition and greater blood parasite loads than females in natural areas. This loss of body condition and increased parasitemia might have deleterious consequences for female fitness and therefore affect the maintenance of lizard populations in the long-term.

Effect of predation risk on microhabitat use by goldfish

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundararaj Vijayan ◽  
Burt P. Kotler ◽  
Lotan Tamar Tov-Elem ◽  
Zvika Abramsky
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Microhabitat Use

LARVAL SALAMANDER RESPONSE TO UV RADIATION AND PREDATION RISK: COLOR CHANGE AND MICROHABITAT USE

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany S. Garcia ◽  
Jodi Stacy ◽  
Andrew Sih
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Microhabitat Use

Elevated nest predation risk promotes offspring size variation in birds with prolonged parental care.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Nest Predation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Natural Predation ◽  
Risk Spreading

Predation of offspring is the main cause of reproductive failure in many species, and the mere fear of offspring predation shapes reproductive strategies. Yet, natural predation risk is ubiquitously variable and can be unpredictable. Consequently, the perceived prospect of predation early in a reproductive cycle may not reflect the actual risk to ensuing offspring. An increased variance in investment across offspring has been linked to breeding in unpredictable environments in several taxa, but has so far been overlooked as a maternal response to temporal variation in predation risk. Here, we experimentally increased the perceived risk of nest predation prior to egg-laying in seven bird species. Species with prolonged parent-offspring associations increased their intra-brood variation in egg, and subsequently offspring, size. High risk to offspring early in a reproductive cycle can favour a risk-spreading strategy particularly in species with the greatest opportunity to even out offspring quality after fledging.

Predicted consequences of increased rainfall variability on soil carbon stocks in a semiarid environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
M Forouzangohar ◽  
R Setia ◽  
DD Wallace ◽  
CR Nitschke ◽  
LT Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks
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