Social Behavior and Social Organization in Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) in Saskatchewan

1972 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Yeaton
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii

Description of Sarcocystis campestris sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae): a parasite of the badger Taxidea taxus with experimental transmission to the Richardson's ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsonii

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
Gary A. Wobeser ◽  
Alvin A. Gajadhar
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Sporocyst Residuum ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Taxidea Taxus ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Large Round

Sarcocystis campestris sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) is an heteroxenous coccidium with badgers (Taxidea taxus) as natural and experimental definitive hosts and Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) as experimental intermediate hosts. Free sporocysts (10.2 × 8.0 μm with a large, round sporocyst residuum consisting of a single refractile granule), obtained from intestinal scrapings of badgers (carcasses frozen 2 years at −20 °C), were orally administered to juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels. Acute fatal sarcocystosis developed in some squirrels at 11–13 days postinoculation (p.i.). Meronts (second generation) were present 9–12 days p.i. in the vascular endothelium of many tissues (especially the lungs). Cysts developed in skeletal muscle, contained metrocytes (7 × 5 μm) 30 days p.i., and beginning 46 days p.i., bradyzoites (12.0 × 3.5 μm) were present. Cysts were macroscopic as early as 258 days p.i. Squirrel carcasses containing cysts (76 days p.i.) of S. campestris sp. n. were fed to Sarcocystis-free badgers. The prepatent period was 9 days and the patent period at least 13 days. Both badgers were ill early in the patent period and passed unformed feces during the patent period. Free sporocysts were 10.2 × 8.0 μm and each had an elongate sporocyst residuum containing numerous small refractile granules.

scholarly journals GÊNERO E SOCIEDADE: EXPLICAÇÕES DE SUAS RELAÇÕES E EFEITOS EDUCACIONAIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Alencar Zidani Manuel da Silva ◽  
Raul Aragão Martins
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Relationship

This article works on Vygotsky’s (1987) conceptions of the relationship between thought and language from a perspective of influence on cognitive development and the formation of the view on gender proposed by the school. In this sense, we also noted the construction of stereotypes understood by Brunneli (2016) as major influences on social behavior and discourse, relating, from this perspective, and being able to explain actions and interactions that are studied by social psychology. Nevertheless, the studies of Cunha and Góes (2002), Xavier, Ribeiro and Noronha (1994) were used to understand how the formation of these stereotypes that were disseminated influenced the educational organization and cooperated to maintain the status quo, that is, inequality and its justifications. Also, to understand the new questions that arise about sexuality, it was necessary to analyze the studies of Louro (1997) and Oliveira e Santos (2012) to understand these new dynamics and perspectives that arise to think about a school concerned with the present, leaving aside your worries about yesterday. Therefore, it was perceived how these relations coexisted and fostered a social organization based on a purpose not only to justify hierarchical power relations, but also to maintain them using strategic sectors such as education and, consequently, the school.

Social behavior between adult female Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) and their own and alien young

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Michener ◽  
D. H. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
First Contact

Adult female Richardson's ground squirrels were paired at intervals with their own and unrelated young in a neutral cage. Little agonistic behavior occurred between related animals but such behavior was common when the adult and young were unrelated. Conversely, cohesive behavior was common between related animals but not between unrelated animals. A tendency for the adults to treat male and female young differently was noted. With only four exceptions (out of 48 tests) the first contact between adult and young was neutral, nose–nose being most common. The frequency of neutral behavior declined on the second contact and remained at the lower level. Implications of the study with regard to recognition, dispersal, and territory learning are discussed.

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