Arboreal Dead-Leaf-Searching Birds of the Neotropics

The Condor ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Remsen ◽  
T. A. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Dead Leaf

Evidence for the presence of chemicals attractive to the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in dead banana leaves

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Braimah ◽  
H.F. van Emden
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Cosmopolites Sordidus ◽  
Banana Weevil ◽  
Entomogenous Fungi ◽  
Plant Odours ◽  
Banana Leaves ◽  
Soybean Leaves

AbstractThe effects of host and non-host plant odours on the foraging responses of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), were investigated in the laboratory through arena and olfactometer bioassays. Contrary to previous reports that banana rhizome and pseudostem were the most attractive parts to the weevil, dead leaves were most preferred. Comparison of dead banana leaves with dead leaves of other plants showed that attractant odours were present in yam, cocoyam and dead grasses but absent in cocoa and soybean leaves. Complete leaf senescence while the leaf was attached to the mother plant proved necessary for the development of the dead-leaf-based odours but the involvement of microbial organisms could not be demonstrated. It is possible that dead-leaf-based attractants could be used in combination with microbials such as entomogenous fungi and nematodes in integrated management of C. sordidus.

scholarly journals First sexual morph record of Sarcopodium vanillae

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-717
Author(s):  
Napalai Chaiwan ◽  
Sajeewa S.N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe ◽  
Mingkwan Doilom ◽  
Ruvishika Jayawardena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
First Record ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Sexual Morph

Sarcopodium vanillae was isolated from a dead leaf of Dracaena in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Combined analyses of ACT, ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequence data obtained from the cultures derived from single spore isolates confirm that our collections represent S. vanillae. This is the first record of the sexual morph, and the first record of S. vanillae from Dracaena. A description and illustrations of both sexual and asexual stages of S. vanillae are provided.

scholarly journals Foraging Behavior of the Dead Leaf Butterfly,Kallima inachus

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (58) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchong Tang ◽  
Chengli Zhou ◽  
Xiaoming Chen ◽  
Hua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Tomato zonate spot virus in Tobacco in Guangxi, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1483-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-H. Cai ◽  
B.-X. Qin ◽  
X.-P. Wei ◽  
J. Huang ◽  
W.-L. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Partial Rdrp

In Guangxi Province of southwest China, diseases caused by Tospoviruses (family Bunyaviridae) pose a serious threat to tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum) production. During surveys conducted annually at Xinrong Village in Jingxi County from 2008 to 2010, more than 130 ha of fields were found to have 10 to 50% of plants exhibiting symptoms similar to spotted wilt caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). During this period, disease symptoms at similar prevalence and incidence were also found at Fushan, Debao County in most of the cultivars produced in these areas, including Yunyan 85, 87, 92, 97, and K326. Symptoms on tobacco varied but commonly included dwarfing, midrib browning, distorted apical buds, and concentric ringspots that coalesced to form large areas of dead leaf tissue. Mechanical inoculation from diseased tobacco leaves with concentric ringspots back to tobacco cv. Yunyan 85 or 87, resulted in 12 of 16 plants with symptoms similar to those observed in the field. No symptoms on plants developed following inoculation with buffer only. Symptoms found in the field resembled those caused by TSWV. However, testing using TSWV-specific antiserum was shown to be negative by double-antibody sandwich-ELISA (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Total RNA was extracted from 27 diseased tobacco plants collected from different regions in Guangxi using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. RNA extracts were amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the degenerate primers T2740 (ATGGGDATNTTTGATTTCATG) and T3920c (TCATGCTCATSAGRTAAATYTCTCT) designed to target the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequence of members in the genus Tospovirus (3). Amplification was performed at 42°C for 60 min, followed by 35 cycles of PCR (30 s denaturation at 94°C, 45 s annealing at 55°C, and 30 s extension at 72°C) and a 7-min final extension at 72°C. A PCR product of approximately 1.2 kb was amplified from 21 diseased plants. RT-PCR amplicons were cloned into the pUC19-T Simple Vector (TaKaRa, Dalian, China) and sequenced in both directions. Sequences were assembled and analyzed by DNAStar 5.01 (DNASTAR, Madison, WI). Sequences of representative isolates were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. JN020022 to JN020027). The 1.2-kb partial RdRp sequences of these isolates were shown to have 94.4 to 95.3% nucleotide identity and 96.5 to 97.5% amino acids identity to Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV) (GenBank Accession No. NC_010491) (1). Among these TZSV isolates from Guangxi, the partial RdRp sequences have 98.0 to 99.4% nucleotide identity and 98.8 to 100% amino acids identity with each other. The presence of TZSV was further confirmed in diseased tobacco plants by indirect ELISA using antiserum of TZSV (provided by Prof. Zhongkai Zhang, Agricultural Academy of Yunnan, China). TZSV has been characterized as a novel tospovirus on various hosts including tobacco in Yunnan province (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of TZSV-associated disease on tobacco in Guangxi Province, southwest China. Further work is necessary to study the epidemiology and management of the disease. References: (1) J. Dong et al. Arch. Virol. 153:855, 2008. (2) J. Dong et al. J. Insect Sci. 10:166, 2010. (3) Y. Lin. Master Thesis. National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China, 2007.

Relative abundance, diet and roost selection of the tube-nosed insect bat, Murina florium, on the Atherton Tablelands, Australia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schulz ◽  
David Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Faecal Analysis ◽  
Communal Roost ◽  
Roost Selection ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Incidental Exposure ◽  
Selection Of

The relative abundance, diet and roost selection of the tube-nosed insect bat, Murina florium (Vespertilionidae), was investigated at Mt Baldy and Ravenshoe State Forests in north-eastern Queensland. In all, 34 M. florium were captured in 263 trap-nights; this was in the middle range of microchiropteran bat species captured. Faecal analysis indicated that the major prey items of M. floriumwere Coleoptera and Araneida. The presence of the latter prey item in faecal pellets suggests that the species is a partial gleaner. Low levels of predominantly myrtaceous pollen collected from head and throat fur indicated only incidental exposure. M. florium used a variety of external roosts in rainforest, with the only communal roost being located in a fallen Archontophoenix leaf suspended from a liana. Other roosts occupied by single M. florium were nests (n = 7) of yellow-throated scrubwrens, Sericornis citreogularis, and fernwrens, Oreoscopus gutturalis, and vertically suspended dead leaf clusters (n = 3). All roosts were located in the rainforest understorey at a mean height of 4.2 m, positioned from close to watercourses up to ridgelines. Bird nests utilised had been modified; the possibility of tent-making behaviour in this species is discussed.

Effects of water stress on in vitro dry matter digestibility and chemical composition of herbage of tropical pasture species

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Stem Development ◽  
Treatment Water

The effects of water stress of varying duration and intensity (Dry treatment) on the in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of different plant fractions of three tropical grasses (green panic, buffel and spear grass) and a tropical legume (Siratro) grown in plots under semi-arid field conditions is reported. Other plots of these species were irrigated regularly for comparison (Wet treatment). Generally, the DMD of herbage from water-stressed grasses was either similar to or higher than that from plants of the Wet treatment. Where DMD of leaves was higher for the Dry treatment this was usually due to a slower decline in their DMD as they aged. Most comparisons of dead leaf tissue indicated a higher DMD for the Dry than the Wet treatment. The most recently expanded leaves usually did not differ in DMD between Wet and Dry treatment. Water stress slowed stem development in the grasses and, particularly in early spring when this effect was most evident, the DMD of stem was higher in the Dry than the Wet treatment. Water stress applied to buffel grass stems after they had elongated and started flowering did not affect their DMD compared with the Wet treatment. Cell wall and lignin content of herbage from the Dry treatment was similar to or lower than that from the Wet treatment. In contrast to the grasses, the stress-adapted small leaves of Siratro, which developed after some time under water stress conditions, were lower in DMD than the recently expanded Wet leaves; their lignin and cellulose contents were higher but hemicellulose markedly lower than those of Wet leaves.

The effect of interval between harvests and nitrogen application on the proportion and yield of crop fractions in four ryegrass varieties in the first harvest year

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
D. Droushiotis ◽  
A. Koocheki ◽  
A. B. Lwoga ◽  
J. S. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYThe effect of six intervals between harvests and three levels of N application on the proportion and yield of green leaf, dead leaf, ‘stem’ and inflorescence was studied in four ryegrass (Lolium) varieties during a 30-week period in the first harvest year in a field experiment. In one variety, S.23, the ‘stem’ was divided into true stem, leaf sheath, unemerged leaf and unemerged inflorescence.There was a bigger yield of ‘stem’ and a bigger total herbage yield response to doubling the interval between harvests in S.321 and S.22 than in S.23 and S.24.In the absence, but not generally in the presence, of applied N, S.321 outyielded the other varieties. S.24 was particularly responsive to applied N, especially in terms of green leaf yield.There was a large positive effect on yield of doubling the interval (from 3, 4 or 5 weeks to 6, 8 or 10 weeks respectively) during the main period of stem development. During the subsequent period, however, doubling the interval produced very little extra yield of total herbage and reduced green leaf yield substantially.The percentage increase in yield due to the application of N progressively decreased as the interval was increased.Maximum net production of green leaf was obtained by harvesting every 4 or 5 weeks for most of the season, extending to 6 weeks at the end. Harvesting every 3 weeks, by comparison, resulted in a slightly lower annual green leaf yield, but with a distinctly higher proportion of green leaf in the crop.Applied N generally had little effect on the proportion of crop fractions, but reduced the proportion of green leaf and increased that of' stem' in S.23 and S.24 at the August and September harvests.

Development of Dead Leaf Foraging in a Tropical Migrant Warbler

Ecology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Dead Leaf

Genotypic differences in leaf area maintenance contribute to differences in recovery from water stress in soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. A. Likoswe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Root Effects

Genotypic effects on leaf survival during water deficit stress and subsequent recovery were evaluated using soybean plants grown in tall cylinders in the glasshouse. An initial experiment sought to verify reported genotypic differences in leaf area maintenance under severe water deficit stress. A second experiment sought to test the hypothesis that these putative differences might affect recovery after stress was relieved. Two shoot genotypes, G2120 and cv. Valder, reported to have high and low leaf area retention, respectively, were used in both experiments. In order to preclude the possibility that the reported differences between G2120 and Valder were related to root rather than shoot traits, each shoot was grafted at the cotyledonary stage onto 2 non-self root genotypes, cv. Leichhardt and PI416937. Leichhardt has an apparently normal root, while PI416937 has been reported to be ‘extensively fibrous-rooted’. In the first experiment, water was withheld at the first trifoliolate leaf stage and the plants subjected to terminal water deficit stress. Consistent with the previous report, leaf area was maintained for longer into the stress by the G2120 shoots, with rapid loss of lower leaves not starting until c. 90% of plant-available water (PAW) had been depleted, compared with c. 80% for Valder. The Valder leaves also showed more ‘firing’ damage, with large patches of dead leaf tissue on the retained leaves. Also consistent with the previous report, leaf epidermal conductance to water vapour was lower in G2120 than in Valder. There were no apparent root effects. In the second experiment, water was again withheld at the first trifoliolate leaf stage, and treatments were re-watered when 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95% of the estimated PAW was extracted. Again, G2120 shoots showed better leaf area maintenance during the drying cycle, and less firing damage. When the plants were re-watered, the re-growth of G2120 generally exceeded that of Valder at all levels of PAW depletion. The differences in recovery between G2120 and Valder shoots were sufficient to have agronomic relevance, and confirmed the hypothesis that leaf area retention can affect recovery after severe water deficit stress. Root effects were relatively small. During the drying cycle, leaflet growth was marginally enhanced by Leichhardt relative to PI416937 roots. After re-watering, there was stronger recovery of plants with PI416937 roots, especially those with G2120 shoots. The basis of the differences between the root genotypes is not known but the stronger recovery of PI416937 may reflect its putative ‘extensively fibrous’ nature.

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