Eggs and Early Larvae of the Bay Anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, and the Weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, in Lower Chesapeake Bay with Notes on Associated Ichthyoplankton

Estuaries ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Cynoscion Regalis ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
Bay Anchovy ◽  
Early Larvae

Spatial ecology and growth in early life stages of bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli in Chesapeake Bay (USA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 125-143
Author(s):  
TD Auth ◽  
T Arula ◽  
ED Houde ◽  
RJ Woodland
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Estuarine Ecosystem ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
Larval Production ◽  
Bay Anchovy

The bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli is the most abundant fish in Chesapeake Bay (USA) and is a vital link between plankton and piscivores within the trophic structure of this large estuarine ecosystem. Baywide distributions and abundances of bay anchovy eggs and larvae, and larval growth, were analyzed in a 5 yr program to evaluate temporal and spatial variability based on research surveys in the 1995-1999 spawning seasons. Effects of environmental variability and abundance of zooplankton that serve as prey for larval bay anchovy were analyzed. In the years of these surveys, 97.6% of eggs and 98.8% of larvae occurred in the polyhaline lower bay. Median egg and larval abundances differed more than 10-fold for surveys conducted in the 5 yr and were highest in the lower bay. Within years, median larval abundance (ind. m-2) in the lower bay was generally 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than upper-bay abundance. Salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen explained 12% of the spatial and temporal variability in egg abundances and accounted for 27% of the variability in larval abundances. The mean, baywide growth rate for larvae over the 5 yr period was 0.75 ± 0.01 mm d-1, and was best explained by zooplankton concentration and feeding incidence. Among years, mean growth rates ranged from 0.68 (in 1999) to 0.81 (in 1998) mm d-1 and were fastest in the upper bay. We identified environmental factors, especially salinity, that contributed to broadscale variability in egg and larval production.

Genetic Structure of Bay Anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) Populations in Chesapeake Bay

Estuaries ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Morgan ◽  
Bruce M. Baker ◽  
James H. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
Bay Anchovy

Associations between Behavioural Ontogeny and Habitat change in Clupeoid Larvae

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Higgs ◽  
Lee A. Fuiman
Keyword(s):  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Atlantic Menhaden ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Brevoortia Tyrannus ◽  
Anchoa Mitchilli ◽  
Reactive Distance ◽  
Bay Anchovy ◽  
Behavioural Ontogeny ◽  
Early Larvae

The ontogeny of evasive behaviours was examined in Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus, Clupeidae) and bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli, Engraulidae), with supplemental data for scaled sardine (Harengula jaguana, Clupeidae). Predicted relationships between ecology and behavioural ontogeny were tested using the different patterns of inshore vs offshore habitat utilization displayed by these species. In two of the species, menhaden and anchovy, the roles of vision, mechanoreception, and audition in evasive behaviours were examined ontogenetically and compared to the morphological development of these sensory systems. Anchovy early larvae were more responsive to a predatory stimulus than were menhaden; sardine early larvae were intermediate in responsiveness. By the end of the larval period most individuals tested in all three species responded. These results matched the pattern predicted by larval habitat. Ontogenetic trends in reactive distance did not match predictions based on habitat for these species but instead appeared to be more dependent upon changes in sensory morphology. In menhaden, ontogenetic changes in responsiveness were more dependent upon neuromast proliferation and cephalic lateral-line canal formation, while in anchovy these behavioural changes were more dependent upon ontogeny of the retina. Auditory stimuli were not implicated for either menhaden or anchovy in responding to the stimulus used.

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