Urban Law Enforcement in Canada: An Empirical Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Furlong ◽  
Stephen L. Mehay
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Urban Law Enforcement

Empirical analysis of market boundaries in telecommunications

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Pavlova ◽  
Andrey Е. Shastitko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
End Users ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
E Mail

The article deals with the problem of determining market boundaries for antitrust law enforcement in the field of telecommunications. An empirical approach has been proposed for determining the product boundaries of the market in the area of mass distribution of messages, taking into account the comparative characteristics of the types and methods of notification (informing) of end users; the possibilities of switching from one way of informing to another, including the evolution of such opportunities under the influence of technological changes; switching between different notification methods. Based on the use of surveys of customers of sending SMS messages, it is shown that the product boundaries should include not only sending messages via SMS, but also e-mail, instant messengers, Push notifications and voice information. The paper illustrates the possibilities of applying the method of critical loss analysis to determining the boundaries of markets based on a mixture of surveys and economic modeling.

scholarly journals When the Police Break the Law: The Investigation, Prosecution and Sentencing of Ontario Police Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Kate Puddister ◽  
Danielle McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Community Trust ◽  
The Law

Abstract Community trust in law enforcement and confidence in the administration of justice is put to the ultimate test when police officers act outside the limits prescribed by the criminal law. External and civilian oversight of the police can be essential to investigate and respond to allegations of police criminality and impropriety. However, little is known about the investigations completed by civilian oversight agencies and the prosecution of police officers. In this paper, we analyze 159 investigations by the Ontario Special Investigations Unit over a fifteen-year period. We examine each case from the laying of charges to prosecution through to sentencing. We provide an empirical analysis of how the justice system responds to police officers charged with a criminal offence. We situate these findings within the context of the broader justice system and police oversight. At the same time, we observe certain differences between the Canadian and American approaches to dealing with police offenders accused and convicted of criminal offences.

scholarly journals Less-Than-Lethal Weapons and Police-Citizen Killings in U.S. Urban Areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
General Consensus

There appears to be general consensus in law enforcement circles that less-than-lethal weapons are effective in reducing police-citizen killings, but this “common wisdom” has not been subject to systematic empirical analysis. Considering a large sample of U.S. cities for 1990, this article examines the association between the availability to the police of various types of less-than-lethal weapons and general and race-specific justifiable homicide rates. The analysis produces no evidence that police killing rates are affected by the availability of less-than-lethal weapons.

Are the signs of collective dominance in law “On protection of competition” helpful for arbitration judges in taking right decisions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Timur Ovsiannikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Type Ii Errors ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Collective Dominance

The Russian officials extensively apply antitrust prohibitions in the domestic markets. Therefore, it is necessary to correctly determine the presence of dominant companies in the market. The article examines the signs of collective dominance in the antimonopoly practice in Russia. For this purpose, the author examines judicial acts for cases on cancellation of decisions of the Russian Antimonopoly authority concerning collective dominance for 2007-2017, and considers type I and type II errors arising in establishing collective dominance. The empirical analysis of the factors influencing judicial reviews shows that the predictions of economic theory are not sufficiently taken into account in law enforcement.

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