Assessment of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as genetic markers for determining the origin of interspecific lilac hybrids

Taxon ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Marsolais ◽  
J. S. Pringle ◽  
B. N. White
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna

scholarly journals 678 PB 186 RAPD GENETIC MARKERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF MUSA GENETIC RESOURCES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 530a-530
Author(s):  
R.L. Jarret ◽  
K.V. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Primer Sequence

Fifty-seven accessions of Musa including cultivated clones Of 6 genomic groups (AA, AB, AAA, AAB, ABB, ABBB), M. balbisiana (BB), M. acuminata ssp. banksii (AA), M. acuminata ssp. malaccensis (AA) and M. velutina were examined for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers using PCR with sixty 10-mer random primers. Forty-nine of 60 tested primers gave reproducible DNA amplification patterns. The number of bands resolved per amplification was primer dependent and varied from 1 to a maximum of 24. The size range of the amolification products also differed with the select& primer sequence/genotype and ranged from 0.29 to 3.0 kb. RAPD data were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients which were analyzed phenetically. Phenetic analysis separated clones into distinct groupings that were in agreement with clusterings revealed when data were subsequently analyzed by principal coordinate analysis (PCO). In both the phenetic and the PCO analyses, previously unclassified cultivars grouped with cultivars previously classified for their genomic group based on morphological keys. The implications of RAPD analysis for Musa germplasm classification, clonal identification, and management are discussed.

scholarly journals Identifying Molecular Genetic Markers Associated with Seedlessness in Grape

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Striem ◽  
G. Ben-Hayyim ◽  
P. Spiegel-Roy
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Molecular Genetic Markers ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Excluding seeded offspring at an early stage could be of great value to the breeder concerned with the development of seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). We used the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique to identify molecular genetic markers, analyzing 82 individuals of a progeny resulting from a cross between `Early Muscat' (seeded) and `Flame Seedless'. Seven variables representing the traits of seedlessness were analyzed: mean fresh weight of one seed, total fresh weight of seeds per berry, perception of seed content, seed size categories evaluated visually, degree of hardness of the seed coat, degree of development of the endosperm, and degree of development of the embryo. Among 160 10mer primers, 110 gave distinct band patterns. Twelve markers yielded significant correlations with several subtraits of seedlessness, mainly with the mean fresh weight of one seed and the total fresh weight of seeds per berry. Multiple linear regression analysis resulted in high coefficients, such as R = 0.779 for fresh weight of seeds per berry, when the seven markers were included as independent variables in the model. Most of the seeded individuals, about 44% of the progeny, could be excluded using a two-step process of marker assisted selection.

scholarly journals An identification tool for the Australian weedy Sporobolus species based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita Shrestha ◽  
Stephen W. Adkins ◽  
Glenn C. Graham ◽  
Donald S. Loch
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Major Cluster ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Species Specific

Based on morphological features alone, there is considerable difficulty in identifying the 5 most economically damaging weed species of Sporobolus [viz. S. pyramidalis P. Beauv., S. natalensis (Steud.) Dur and Schinz, S. fertilis (Steud.) Clayton, S. africanus (Poir.) Robyns and Tourney, and S. jacquemontii Kunth.] found in Australia. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based random amplified of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to create a series of genetic markers that could positively identify the 5 major weeds from the other less damaging weedy and native Sporobolus species. In the initial RAPD profiling experiment, using arbitrarily selected primers and involving 12 species of Sporobolus, 12 genetic markers were found that, when used in combination, could consistently identify the 5 weedy species from all others. Of these 12 markers, the most diagnostic were UBC51490 for S. pyramidalis and S. natalensis; UBC43310, 2000, 2100 for S. fertilis and S. africanus; and OPA20850 and UBC43470 for S. jacquemontii. Species-specific markers could be found only for S. jacquemontii. In an effort to understand why there was difficulty in obtaining species-specific markers for some of the weedy species, a RAPD data matrix was created using 40 RAPD products. These 40 products amplified by 6 random primers from 45 individuals belonging to 12 species, were then subjected to numerical taxonomy and multivariate system (NTSYS pc version 1.70) analysis. The RAPD similarity matrix generated from the analysis indicated that S. pyramidalis was genetically more similar to S. natalensis than to other species of the ‘S. indicus complex’. Similarly, S. jacquemontii was more similar to S. pyramidalis, and S. fertilis was more similar to S. africanus than to other species of the complex. Sporobolus pyramidalis, S. jacquemontii, S. africanus, and S. creber exhibited a low within-species genetic diversity, whereas high genetic diversity was observed within S. natalensis, S. fertilis, S. sessilis, S. elongates, and S. laxus. Cluster analysis placed all of the introduced species (major and minor weedy species) into one major cluster, with S. pyramidalis and S. natalensis in one distinct subcluster and S. fertilis and S. africanus in another. The native species formed separate clusters in the phenograms. The close genetic similarity of S. pyramidalis to S. natalensis, and S. fertilis to S. africanus may explain the difficulty in obtaining RAPD species-specific markers. The importance of these results will be within the Australian dairy and beef industries and will aid in the development of integrated management strategy for these weeds.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZING RAPD MARKERS FOR ONION GENOMIC DNA ANALYSIS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 435a-435
Author(s):  
Ruwanthi C. Wettashinghe ◽  
Ellen B. Peffley
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are genetic markers that facilitate selection in plant breeding. To obtain clear reproducible, and repeatable RAPD bands, four DNA extraction protocols and two Taq polymerases were compared using thirteen TG1015Y (Allium cepa) genotypes. Protocols for DNA extraction followed those of a modified Tai and Tanksley, 1989 (PMBR); a modified Dellaporta et al., 1983 (PMBR); a modified Guillemunt et al., 1992 (PMBR); and extracted with a plant tissue DNA isolation kit from Gentra System (Minneapolis). The modified Guillemunt protocol was selected due to ease of extraction and cost effectiveness. Polymerases compared were Taq and Taq Stoffel fragment. Results are based on three separate amplifications and electrophoretic assays. PCR amplifications of Stoffel fragment produced more scorable and reproducible RAPD bands compared to bands produced using Taq polymerase.

scholarly journals Optimizing RAPD Markers for Onion Genomic DNA Analysis

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 877E-877
Author(s):  
Ruwanthi C. Wettasinghe ◽  
Ellen B. Peffley
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) have potential as genetic markers that may facilitate selection in plant improvement. To obtain clear, reproducible, and repeatable RAPD bands, four DNA extraction protocols and two Taq polymerases were compared. DNA extraction followed modified Tai and Tanksley (PMBR), Dellaporta et al. (PMBR), and Guilllemant et al. (PMBR) protocols, and a plant tissue DNA isolation kit from Gentra Systems was used. The modified Guillemant protocol was selected because of ease of extraction and cost effectiveness. Genotypes studied were TG1015Y (Allium cepa). Polymerases compared were Taq and Taq Stoffel fragment. Results are based on separate amplifications and electrophoretic assays. PCR amplifications of Stoffel fragment produced more scorable and reproducible RAPD bands compared to bands produced using Taq polymerase.

Analysis of genetic diversity in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) breeding populations as revealed by RAPD genetic markers

Genome ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odeth Ulloa ◽  
Fernando Ortega ◽  
Hugo Campos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Breeding Populations

Red clover is an important forage legume species for temperate regions and very little is known about the genetic organization of its breeding populations. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers to address the genetic diversity and the distribution of variation in 20 breeding populations and cultivars from Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Switzerland. Genetic distances were calculated for all possible pairwise combinations. A high level of polymorphism was found and the proportion of polymorphic loci across populations was 74.2%. A population derived from a non-certified seedlot displayed a higher proportion of polymorphic loci than its respective certified seedlot. Gene diversity values and population genetics parameters suggest that the populations analyzed are diverse. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the largest proportion of variation (80.4%) resides at the within population level. RAPD markers are a useful tool for red clover breeding programs. A dendrogram based on genetic distances divided the breeding populations analyzed into three distinct groups. The amount and partition of diversity observed can be of value in identifying the populations that parents of synthetic cultivars are derived from and to exploit the variation available in the populations analyzed.Key words: red clover, AMOVA, plant breeding.

Genetic Markers and Quantitative Genetic Variation in Medicago truncatula (Leguminosae): A Comparative Analysis of Population Structure

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1795-1805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Bonnin ◽  
Jean-Marie Prosperi ◽  
Isabelle Olivieri
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
The Face

Abstract Two populations of the selfing annual Medicago truncatula Gaertn. (Leguminoseae), each subdivided into three subpopulations, were studied for both metric traits (quantitative characters) and genetic markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA and one morphological, single-locus marker). Hierarchical analyses of variance components show that (1) populations are more differentiated for quantitative characters than for marker loci, (2) the contribution of both within and among subpopulations components of variance to overall genetic variance of these characters is reduced as compared to markers, and (3) at the population level, within population structure is slightly but not significantly larger for markers than for quantitative traits. Under the hypothesis that most markers are neutral, such comparisons may be used to make hypotheses about the strength and heterogeneity of natural selection in the face of genetic drift and gene flow. We thus suggest that in these populations, quantitative characters are under strong divergent selection among populations, and that gene flow is restricted among populations and subpopulations.

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