Addendum: Wartime Forest Energy Policy and Practice in British West Africa: Social and Economic Impact on the Labouring Classes 1939-45

Africa ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy And Practice

Wartime forest energy policy and practice in British West Africa: social and economic impact on the labouring classes 1939–45

Africa ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald A. Cline-Cole
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Wood Fuel ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe recent resurgence of interest in the impact of World War II on African populations has, to date, neglected the theme of forest energy (firewood and charcoal) production, consumption and exchange. This needs to be rectified, for several reasons: (1) wood fuel accounted for the lion's share of wartime forestry output by volume and value, prompting (2) an unprecedented degree of intensity in, and variety of, state emergency intervention in wood fuel ‘markets’ which had (3) important equity implications, which have gone largely unreported, with the risk that (4) current and future attempts at (emergency) wood fuel resource management may be deprived of the lessons of this experience. This article is thus an essay in the dynamics and consequences of crisis management in colonial forestry. It evaluates wartime forest energy policy and practice in British West Africa, with special reference to their ‘invisible’ social consequences. The regional political, economic and military context of forest energy activity is first summarised. This is followed by detailed case studies, which assess policy impacts on the labouring classes in the Sierra Leone colony peninsula and the Jos Plateau tin mines in northern Nigeria. The main aim of these studies is to show how war-induced demands on subsistence products like firewood and charcoal weighed inordinately heavily on the poor. Even those who belonged to sectors of society which benefited from preferential treatment in the allocation of scarce supplies of consumer products were not spared. Recently, concern has increased over the equity implications of current and proposed (peacetime) domestic energy policy and practice in Africa. This suggests that the issues of distributive justice raised by this study are of wider relevance than the specific historical context within which they have been discussed.

scholarly journals Examination of Social Economic Impact on the Energy Consumption of Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cointegration Analysis ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Causality Test

Southeast Asia country are mostly classified as developing country. One of the aspects that ASEAN concern is the energy poverty problem. Based on the statistics known, around 127 million people in the SEA facing lack of access of electricity. Besides that, 228 million people highly depending traditional biomass to fulfil their daily needs. Myanmar is one of the sixth poorest country in the SEA. The access of electricity in Myanmar are low and experience slow improvement over a decade. Energy policy had been drafted and implemented by Myanmar government. However, the result is no significant. This paper aims to analyze the social economic impact on the energy consumption of Myanmar. The aspect of analyze include energy use, foreign direct investment, population growth, industry value added, GDP per capita growth and trade. Multivariate analysis method adopts which includes descriptive statistics analysis, unit root test, Johannsen cointegration analysis, vector error correction model and Granger causality test. The result shows unidirectional Granger causality for energy consumption with all the aspects. Analyzed data play important role in the future policy planning. Policies such as renewable energy policy, reducing energy prices, taxes and subsidies can help in increasing energy consumption which will bring up other social economic.

The Presentation of Indigenous Society in the Schools of French West Africa and Indochina, 1918 to 1938

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
French West Africa ◽  
The Past ◽  
Curriculum Guides ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Indigenous Society

The historiography of French colonial educational policy and practice has advanced considerably over the past decade. Not long ago W. Bryant Mum-ford's allegation, “Africans learn to be French,” was taken literally, and most scholars presumed that France, either out of cultural arrogance or blind reflex, brought metropolitan schooling in undiluted form to her colonies. We know better now. Recent studies of education in French West Africa and Indochina have suggested that colonial schools were not only adapted to the colonial context, but taught the students a great deal about their own societies. This article focuses on the knowledge that the two basic school levels, the elementary and primary, distributed about indigenous society in two French colonial federations—French West Africa and Indochina—in the period 1918–38 and speculates as to why the content and distribution of that knowledge took the forms they did. The discussion is based on analysis of texts in use in the primary schools, government curriculum guides, and student school notebooks. It begins with a brief survey of the structure of the educational system and curriculum of the schools as a whole, then proceeds to an analysis of the presentation of indigenous society in the schools.

scholarly journals The external dimension of the European Union’s energy policy and practice of German energy policy

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Beata Molo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Eu Energy Policy ◽  
German Energy Policy ◽  
External Dimension ◽  
Energy Relations ◽  
European Union Member States

The article presents selected issues related to shaping the external dimension of the European Union’s energy policy and the main directions and practice of Germany’s energy policy. The beginnings, directions and instruments of the external dimension of EU energy policy are discussed, including problems limiting the effectiveness of external coordination of energy cooperation of the European Union Member States. In addition, the study presents Germany’s position towards the external dimension of EU energy policy as well as the goals, shape and main instruments of Germany’s energy relations with producers, consumers and transit countries of energy resources.

Stronger together? Intergenerational connection and Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Stephen Burke
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Online Strategies ◽  
To Come ◽  
Community Projects ◽  
Intergenerational Connections

Purpose This paper aims to review how intergenerational connections and relationships have been affected to date by COVID-19. It provides lessons for the future. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a review of policy and practice. Findings Although there are some excellent examples of creative approaches such as online strategies to bring generations together in the face of social distancing, there remain barriers to building stronger communities. Many people of all ages remain lonely and isolated. Community projects are under-funded and will struggle to maintain connections beyond the immediate crisis. Inequalities and the digital divide have been exacerbated by COVID-19. Intergenerational relations are likely to be further strained by the economic impact. Originality/value None of us have known anything like COVID-19 and its impact on all aspects of our lives. It will continue to affect generations to come, and we need to learn the lessons as we move forward.

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