Approaches to the economy of colonial Annaba, 1870–1920

Africa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-523
Author(s):  
David Prochaska
Keyword(s):  
Department Store ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Economic Influences ◽  
The Government ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Made In

Opening ParagraphThe Annaba economy today is Algerian. It is run entirely by Algerians except for the steel mill outside of town. The goods provided are tailored to its mostly Algerian customers (jillabas, harissa, henna), plus selected Western goods made in Algeria or imported from Europe (plastic buckets and gas bottles, Peugeot sedans for those with the money and connections, sitcoms for the few with TVs, commercial films for everyone). Goods are dispensed primarily in a modern suq, or bazaar, although the government also runs a supermarket and department store. French and other Europeans are physically absent from Annaba today for the most part, but Western economic influences persist, like only partly covered-over layers of historical sediment laid down orignally in the colonial period.

"A FESTIVAL OF BRIGANDS": IN SEARCH OF DEMOCRACY AND POLITICAL LEGITIMACY IN MALI

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Weak State ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
System A ◽  
The Government ◽  
Systemic Corruption ◽  
Made In

Mali's coup d'état in March 2012 and the subsequent occupation of northern Mali by Islamist and separatist rebels took many observers by surprise. How could an erstwhile model of peaceful democratic transition collapse so swiftly? Why did so few ordinary Malians stand up in defence of their 20-year-old democracy? Combining accounts from Malian and foreign journalists with observations made in Bamako leading up to and during the dramatic events of early 2012, this article assesses the failures of Mali's pre-coup political system. A combination of the tenuous rule of law, weak state institutions, and perceptions of systemic corruption deeply eroded Malians' faith in their democracy. The junta that ousted Mali's elected president in March 2012, despite its international isolation, skillfully manipulated public frustrations with the government as well as local symbols and discourses pertaining to heroic leaders to gain support and legitimacy at home. The crisis in Mali was preceded by certain warning signs, some of which might be applied to gauge the health of democratic transitions elsewhere in Africa.

Psychiatry in the Northern Sudan: A Study in Comparative Psychiatry

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (513) ◽  
pp. 945-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Elsarrag
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
The West ◽  
Government Clinic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Made In

This study is mainly based on my work in psychiatry in the Clinic of Nervous Disorders, Khartoum North, and with my private practice patients. I have seen altogether 2,160 patients. The distribution of psychiatric illness in these is shown in the table below. The two populations of patients attending the Government clinic and private practice are comparable, and the same patients interchange. A comparison is made in this paper between psychiatry in the West, mainly British psychiatry, and Sudanese psychiatry.

II.—The Magnesian Limestone and New Red Sandstone in the Neighbourhood of Nottingham

1877 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
W. T. Aveline
Keyword(s):  
Geological Survey ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

Since the Government Geological Survey of the country around Nottingham was made in the year 1859, and the Explanation on the Geological Map Quarter-sheet 71 N.E. was written in 1861, papers by local geologists have been written, stating that in the neighbourhood of Nottingham a perfect conformity existed between the Magnesian Limestone and the New Red Sandstone. This being totally at variance with conclusions I came to when I surveyed that country, I have been for some time past desirous to say a word on the subject, but being deeply occupied with the old rocks of the Lake district, I have put it off from time to time. I felt little doubt in my mind, when surveying the neighbourhood of Nottingham, that there was a considerable break between the Magnesian Limestone and the New Red Sandstone, and this opinion was completely confirmed as I continued my survey northwards through Nottinghamshire into Yorkshire.

scholarly journals KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENANGANI HARGA CABAI MERAH KERITING (capsicum annum L) (Studi Kasus Tinjauan Kebijakan Pemerintah pada Harga Cabai Merah keriting) di Sentra Produksi Kecamatan Cikajang dan Pasar Induk Kramat Jati Jakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Dety Sukmawati ◽  
Lies Sulistyowati ◽  
Maman H. Karmana ◽  
E Kusnadi Wikarta
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Field School ◽  
The Government ◽  
Park Area ◽  
Made In

Price is a major factor, therefore, that the policy of raising agricultural output through price incentives to succeed, the government must know exactly how the response of supply / supply in the agricultural sector to price changes. The response will vary according to the type of commodity even among the farmers in the category of the same plant, depending on the purpose of the farmers do farming and economic conditions. The amount of supply response is also very informative for policy makers in evaluating policy -pembuat made in the field pertanian.Penelitian descriptively based on data from the Provincial Agriculture Office, 2015 West Java, Central Market Analysis of Agricultural Products Production Centers Cikajang Garutdan District Information Center Market Commodity Price Kramat Jati Jakarta. Policy directives coming horticultural commodities focused on chili, red onion and orange. Although the production of chili western Java had a surplus in terms of supply nationally, but the price of red chilli curls in particular always fluctuates, so if there is a price increase indicated a shortage of supply or shortage of production, so that the planting area three commodities were directed not at the park area, but the area outside the area and planting and planted not in the rainy season, but farmers are directed to plant in the dry season. The policy comprises: the pattern of production, regional development, institutional strengthening farmers, build supply chain and minimize supply chain, new technologies to increase production, the development of the field school, land registration and certification of products.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF ILLUMINATION INDICES AND NON-IONIZING RADIATION AT EDUCATIONAL SITES OF HIGH SCHOOLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Gorbatkova ◽  
T. R. Zulkarnaev ◽  
Z. A. Khusnutdinova ◽  
U. Z. Ahmadullin ◽  
A. A. Kazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

One of the significant factors affecting the condition of the students’ visual apparatus is an illumination level in the premises of educational organizations. Electromagnetic radiation arising from computers also has an essential influence on a state of health. Taking into account the urgency of this problem, an analysis of illumination indices and EM radiation was made in audiences of higher educational institutions of various profiles (Ufa, the Republic of Bashkortostan). The total number of illumination measurements was 3528. The measurement methods met the requirements of the interstate standard. According to the results of the illumination indices estimation in the studied universities, a significant deviation from the regulated norms was revealed: in 71.5% of the measurements the index was below the norm. It should be noted that indices differed significantly depending on the type of educational organization. The best situation is in the “Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation,” where only 13.3% of the measurements are inconsistent with the normative indices. Pulsation coefficient also was determined. It turned out that 88.8% of the measurements do not correspond to the norm. The analysis of illumination measurements in computer classes was carried out. Only one-fifth of them in the computer table working area in the of the document placement corresponded to SanPin. An anonymous questionnaire was also organized for students from four leading universities in Ufa, the Republic of Bashkortostan. According to respondents’ answers, out of seven students, one was revealed to be suffering from myopia. On the basis of “Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Bashkortostan”, a study of non-ionizing radiation from video terminals located in computer classes was made. 1145 measurements were made in 20 buildings of four universities studied. It was found out that the intensity of the electrostatic field did not meet the requirements of SanPiN in 5.7% of the measurements. Hygienic assessment of the environment of educational organizations of various profiles revealed a number of significant deviations from the regulated norms. The obtained results testify to the need to monitor the illumination and EMR indices both from the administration of higher education institutions and from teachers. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

scholarly journals Political language variation: stylistic based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Putrayasa
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In

This study aimed at finding out the figures of speech used by the government in the political language variation and the purposes to which they serve. On the basis of the data analysis, it was found that there are sixteen types of figures of speech contained in the political language variation, for example, euphemism, repetition, parallelism, personification, parable, anticlimax, sarcasm, trope, hyperbole, pleonasm, climax, antithesis, synecdoche, anaphor, allusion, and metonymy. The purposes of their uses are to vary sentences, to show respect, to express something in a polite manner, and to give an emphasis or stress meanings. The suggestion made in relation to the uses of the figures of speech in political language variation is for the authority (government) to use words or phrases that are simple to make it easy for the people to understand.

scholarly journals The History of Cultural Policy in Indonesia 1900s-2000s

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Wildan Sena Utama
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This book investigates how culture, particularly national culture, in Indonesia has been shaped by the government policies from the Dutch colonial period in 1900s to the Reformation era in 2000s. It is an attempt to show the relationship between the state and culture around the process of production, circulation, regulation and reception of cultural policy through different regimes. Although this book discusses government policy, the author has realized that the book needs to overcome contradictions and confusions of cultural discourse by incorporating people as explanatory element. Many aspect of culturality may be influenced by the state, but according to Jones, “it is a field that is not stable and easy to shift that facilitates resistance, and is able to turn against the state, market and other institutions” (p. 31). Jones employs two postcolonial cultural policy tools to review the history of cultural policy in Indonesia: authoritarian cultural policy and command culture. The first means that the state has assumption if majority of citizen do not have capability to inspirit a responsible citizenship and need a state’s direction in the choice of their culture. On the contrary, command culture shows that the cultural idea that is planned in fact always been placing the state as center in planning, creating policy and revising cultural practice.

scholarly journals Critical examination of the recent changes to the point system and Canadian employers' assessment practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Ida
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Point System ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Skilled Worker ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
The Government ◽  
Selection Factors ◽  
Made In

The recent changes to the Canadian Point System in relation to the Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP) have greatly impacted the types of applicants that will be admitted to Canada. Through a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), it is my intention to explore the hiring practices of some Canadian employers and how immigrants currently fare in the labour market. A CDA will also be conducted based on the adjustments to the point distribution of specific selection factors for the FSWP. Because the most recent changes to the Point System were made in May 2013, this MRP will be one of the first if not the first to critically assess the May 4, 2013 changes to the Point System from a rights-based perspective. I will also explore whether or not the Government takes responsibility for helping immigrants facing discrimination in the labour market. Finally, I will investigate whether the adjustments to the Point System reinforces and legitimates the discriminatory practices of some Canadian employers.

scholarly journals The Resilience of Indonesia’s State Budget against Central Government Debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 006 (02) ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Nugroho Suryo Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Government Debt ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Made In

The growth of central government debt in Indonesia is the subject of endless discussion for both economists and experts in other fields. Although the government uses this debt in order to increase Indonesia's competence through infrastructure development, there are problems in the form of previous accumulated debts. This accumulative debt is known as the concept of “debt stock” which is assessed through Indonesia's fiscal resilience (APBN) to measure the repayment capacity of new debts that will be made in the future. This ability will be seen using long-term data from 1990 to 2016 which is reflected in the variables of central government debt, government spending and revenue so that it is known that Indonesia's central government debt can still be said to be sustainable and the Indonesian government should prioritize productive expenditures in order to increase government revenues.

scholarly journals Extent of Adoption of Recommended Poultry Farming Practices by the Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Hanuman Sahay Bunkar G. S. Bangarwa
Keyword(s):  
National Income ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Production Programme ◽  
The Government ◽  
Made In ◽  
Poultry Farming

The poultry production in our country has made a significant progress over the years due to research and development thrust of the government and organized private sector. Poultry farming is considered as an important tool for self-employment as it offers vast scope for generating income in socially and economically backward areas. No other livestock production programme in our country has made as much progress in a short period as the poultry sector has made. The revolutionary changes made in poultry industry in the last four decades is a matter of great pride. The poultry sector provides livelihood to nearly one lakh farmers and contributes to a great extent to the national income. In Rajasthan, poultry industry is a live segment and source of revenue to the government. In the last five decades, Jaipur region has made manifold progress in the development of the poultry sector. Jaipur district is one such districts which has made a great headway in the promotion of poultry sector. With more than 14889 organized poultry farms, it has engaged more than 45000 people directly or indirectly.

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