Woman-Marriage, with Special Reference to the Louedu—its Significance for the Definition of Marriage

Africa ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Jensen Krige
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Actual Fact ◽  
Inherited Wealth ◽  
Homosexual Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe marriage of a woman to a woman, found in many African societies, has not been given the attention it warrants, and is still imperfectly understood. Herskovits imputed to it sexual overtones that are foreign to the institution when, after stating quite definitely that such marriage did not imply a homosexual relationship, he went on to add ‘although it is not to be doubted that occasionally homosexual women who have inherited wealth…utilize this relationship to the women they marry to satisfy themselves’ (Herskovits, 1938, 1: 319–20). He made no attempt to substantiate his statement. And Lucy Mair, for all the clarity and grasp displayed in her excellent book on marriage, seems to have failed to appreciate the nature of the institution when she says, ‘According to Evans-Pritchard's account of the Nuer it is usually barren women who make such marriages, and indeed it is hard to imagine a woman who had her own children doing so’ (my italics; Mair, 1971: 60). In actual fact it is usually married women with children of their own who contract such marriages, except, it would appear, among the Nuer. By woman-marriage we mean the institution by which it is possible for a woman to give bridewealth for, and marry, a woman, over whom and whose offspring she has full control, delegating to a male genitor the duties of procreation.

Zande Bridewealth

Africa ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThis paper was drafted many years ago and it was against the background of this and other unpublished material that I came to the view about the nature of bride-wealth indicated in my paper ‘Social Character of Bride-Wealth, with Special Reference to the Azande’ (Man, 1934, 194).

Warfare, oracles and iron: a case study of production among the pre-colonial Klowe, in the light of some recent Marxist analyses

Africa ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brown
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Marxist Theory ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Third World

Opening ParagraphIt is perhaps surprising that the recent resurgence of interest in the application of Marxist theory to the study of the historically non-capitalist societies of the Third World should have focused, at least in part, upon the stateless societies of Africa. To some extent, this interest in some of the least differentiated and least class-stratified of societies can be related to the fundamental problematic of Marxist sociology: the characterization of the stage of advanced communism, which remains so obscure in Marx's own theoretical work. An understanding of the dynamics of ‘primitive’ communism might be seen, therefore, as an essential precursor to this underlying concern. Certainly, the often highly tendentious views of Marxist writers on such issues as the definition of the state and the extent of exploitation in the primitive communist mode can be related to this need. However, the rise of Marxist anthropology has not only been presented as a problem of general evolutionary theory. Other influences have been offered to account for the new concern, the most widely cited being the supposed crisis of functionalism, and the resulting necessity for a complete reorientation of the whole discipline of anthropology. Stateless societies, having long occupied a central place in the field of anthropological enquiry, and yet outwardly presenting such simplicity of form, offer a particular challenge to the radical, and in several recent works have been interpreted in what is claimed to be a novel and distinctive way.

The Algebra of Dimension-Linking Operators

1965 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Group Theory ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Mathematical Society ◽  
Summer Institute ◽  
Burnside Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Australian Mathematical Society ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Restricted Burnside Problem

In the course of preparing a book on group theory [1] with special reference to the Restricted Burnside Problem and allied problems I stumbled upon the concept of a dimension-linking operator. Later, when I lectured to the Third Summer Institute of the Australian Mathematical Society [2], G. E. Wall raised the question whether the dimension-linking operators could be made into a ring by introduction of a suitable definition of multiplication. The answer was easily found to be affirmative; the result wasthat the theory of dimen sion-linking operators became exceedingly simple.

National Collections of Printed Ephemera - Those Papers of the Day with Special Reference to the Scandinavian Model

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Hesselager
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Bibliographic Records ◽  
Finding Aids ◽  
Definition Of

There is no general agreement on the definition of the term ‘printed ephemera’. For the purpose of this article it is defined as (1) material issued by corporate bodies describing the current activities of those bodies and (2) material of small size. Owing to the legal deposit legislation of Scandinavian countries, dating back to the 17th century, these countries all have two or more national collections of ephemera. A distinction is made between ‘printed ephemera’ and ‘grey literature’, which is of recent date, and which developed as a result of modern society's need for speedy communication and developments in reprography. A half-library, half-archival system is appropriate for dealing with ephemera. The library tradition of splitting up material into subject groups may be combined with the archival system of arranging material according to provenance. Archival finding aids such as subject guides and indices and archival methods of collective description are appropriate as a general principle, but this should not exclude bibliographic records when such records are needed.

The Abduction of Helen: A Reappraisal

Ramus ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Paschalis
Keyword(s):  
Married Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Narrative Coherence ◽  
Annotated Edition ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
As If

‘Bad poetry is written daily, and married women seduced; but it is seldom that a seduction becomes as famous as Helen's, or that a poem as bad as Colluthus’ survives for fourteen centuries to be re-edited with all the apparatus of scholarship and equipped with commentary at the rate of a page for every two lines of verse. γᾷ δ' ἐπισκήπτων πιϕαύσκω: Colluthus is one of the very worst ancient poets to have come down to us. His only notion of the art is to arrange in hexameters phrases borrowed from his predecessors, with little sense of their appropriateness or of narrative coherence. It is as if a parrot had learnt to fit his pseudo-speech to the metre of Shakespeare. Colluthus can give delight, but only to a connoisseur of the ludicrous.’ The opening paragraph of Martin West's review of Enrico Livrea's annotated edition of Colluthus may be the most devastating appreciation of The Abduction of Helen ever written. At the other end stands Giuseppe Giangrande's review of the same edition: ‘Colluthus was a poète savant, who delighted in skillfully borrowing, often with felicitous “humour” and “malice”, from his epic models, and who dexterously applied oppositio in imitando within the framework of arte allusiva.’

scholarly journals How Men Valued Women's Work: Labour In and Outside the Home in Post-War Britain

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-468
Author(s):  
Laura King
Keyword(s):  
Women's Work ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Women’S Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Post War ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis article examines men's valuing of women's work in the post-1945 period. It considers men's perspectives on female labour in and outside the home in the context of women's wartime work, the increase in married women working and the greater involvement of men in family life. I argue that men saw their wives’ and partners’ work as of lesser value than their own, in various ways, even if the money women's paid work brought in could significantly improve living standards. This was true even in the most caring, loving relationships. The article employs a broad definition of value, considering the social and cultural value of work alongside its economic outcomes. It places subjective accounts from interviews within a wider cultural and political context and contributes a new perspective to post-war British historiography by focusing on both paid labour and domestic work, and the negotiation of value between men and women.

Big Houses in Kano Emirate

Africa ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Hill
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Village ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Opening ParagraphIn 1971–2 I undertook research in part of the very densely populated farming zone around Kano city (often called the Kano close-settled zone) in order to compare it with a Hausa village, Batagarawa, some 100 miles further north in Katsina Emirate, where I had lived and worked in 1967. At Batagarawa farmland is not scarce and members of the community are free to establish farms on uncultivated (bush) land, some of which is no further than a mile or so from the village. For some 30 to 40 miles or more around Kano city, on the other hand, there is little or no uncultivated bush and farmers with insufficient land are obliged to buy or to ‘borrow’ (aro) farmland from others. My purpose was to compare and contrast the socio-economic organization and economic conditions of farmers in the two localities, with special reference, in so far as this variable could be isolated, to population density.

scholarly journals كتاب البيان والتبيين من منظور النقد العربي الحديث: مقاربة منهجية في أنماط التلقي (The Book of “Al-Bayān wa al-Tabyīn” from the Perspective of Modern Literary Criticism: A Methodological Approach to the Modes of Reception)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ماسالتي محمد عبد (Masalti Muhammad ‘Abdel Basyer)
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Good Intention ◽  
Narrative Method ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Reading Interpretation

ملخص البحث: منذ بدء ما يسميه المؤرخون في العالم العربي بـ: "عصر النهضة الحديثة " والتراث يحتل مركز الجدل والنقاش الثقافي في ساحة الفكر العربي، ودون التطرق إلى طبيعة الأسباب التي كانت تقف وراء هذا الاهتمام المتزايد بمسألة التراث، فإن السؤال الذي يطرحه كل واحد منا على نفسه، هو: لماذا لم يتمكن المثقفون والمفكرون وجميع القوى الفاعلة في الوطن العربي من تحقيق إجماع حول مفهوم التراث؟ أقبل الدارسون على المدونة القديمة بكثير من حسن النية، والرغبة في الربط بين ثقافتهم الحديثة، والتراث القديم وخاصة تراث الجاحظ؛ إنّ الهـدف الأول لهذه المداخلة هو خلخلـة بعض البديهيات الفكريـة أو الأدبيـة التي راجت حول الجاحـظ؛ بمعنى كيف فهم وقارب الباحث عبد العزيز حمودة الدرس الجاحظي،  وكـيف طبق كلامه، وماذا أضاف إليه، وماذا صنع به الزمن الحداثي. توصلت دراستي إلى أن النّهج التأليفي الجاحظي فى التّدوين -حيث المداخلات المعرفيّة والاسطراد الكثير- يجعل استنباط أفكاره ومعارفه النّقديّة يحتاج إلى باحث محبّ عاشق لهذا التّراث، يصبر على مشاقه، ويملك خبرة رائعة بطريقته، ويكون حذراً فى كلّ ما يقرؤه، ولكن لو صبرنا على هذا سنخرج بنتائج وملاحظات نقديّة مبهرة؛ حيث للتّراث الجاحظيّ قداسته التى تجعله يتمنع على من لا يُقدِّره حقّ قدره، ولا يخرج لآلئه إلا لمن غاص كثيرا فى أعماقه، وقتها يهبه الكثير والكثير من ثرواته اللغويّة والنّقديّة.الكلمات المفتاحية: التراث- الحداثة- القراءة- التأويل- التلقي. Abstract:Since the beginning of the era of what the Arab historians termed as “the Era of Modern Renaissance”, the question of tradition was highlighted and consumed the interest of the Arab intellectuals. Nonetheless, the reasons behind increasing attention to the question of tradition remained untouched. The question that one would ask in this regard is: Why did not the intellectuals and thinkers along with others who have the authority on the matter in the Arab world come to agreement on the definition of tradition? Scholars had been approaching the traditional sources with good intention to relate their modern tradition with the traditional one especially that of al-Jahiz’s. The first aim of this discussion is to find the underlying cause of the literary and intellectual discussions on al-Jahiz with special reference to the views of Abd al-‘Aziz Hammudah on the matter especially on how he implemented his idea, what he added to the idea and how he saw the modern time. My study concluded that the narrative method of al-Jahiz in his writing with the infusion of knowledge and the lengthy diversion to other topics would need a scholar who is passionate about this tradition to understand his views and insights on criticism. He/she would have to be very patient, who possesses great familiarity with his method but yet would be very careful and critical. If we persevere with this method, we would arrive at great observations on literary criticism that the tradition of al-Jahiz has its own reverence that would remain out of the reach of those who fail to really appreciate his ability.Keywords: Tradition– Modernity– Reading– Interpretation– Reception.Abstrak:Sejak bermula era yang dipanggil oleh sejarawan sebagai “Era Kebangkitan Moden”, isu tradisi sering ditonjolkan dan perbincangan ilmiah di kalangan ilmuwan Arab acap kali diadakan. Walau bagaimanapun, apa yang menjadi faktor di sebalik pemerhatian mereka yang mendalam terhadap isu ini masih belum diperkatakan. Persoalan yang sentiasa bermain di fikiran seseorang individu ialah: Mengapa para pemikir dan intelek di dunia Arab tidak bersama-sama dengan golongan yang memiliki pengaruh dan kekuasaan di negara mereka, menetapkan definisi bagi kalimah tradisi? Para sarjana telah mendekati sumber tradisional dengan niat yang murni dan berusaha menghubungkan kebudayaan moden mereka dengan kebudayaan tradisional teruatamanya tradisi yang dibawa oleh al-Jahiz. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti faktor-faktor asas perbincangan yang melibatkan al-Jahiz sama ada dalam bentuk intelektual atau pun kesusasteraan, iaitu dengan meneliti pandangan yang dikemukakan oleh pengkaji Abd al-‘Aziz Hammudah tentang isu ini terutamanya berkenaan dengan persoalan, bagaimana beliau merealisasikan idea al-Jahiz, apakah yang ditambah pada idea tersebut dan apakah pandangan beliau terhadap zaman moden? Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa teknik naratif tidak sehaluan yang dibawa oleh al-Jahiz dalam penulisannya memerlukan para sarjana atau pengkaji yang bersemangat tinggi dan minat yang mendalam terhadap isu tradisi yang dikemukakan oleh al-Jahiz supaya beliau benar-benar dapat memahami pandangan al-Jahiz dalam isu kritikan. Beliau perlu memiliki kesabaran dan ketabahan yang tinggi untuk mendalami pemikiran al-Jahiz supaya diri dapat dibiasakan dengan kaedah yang diguna pakai selain harus berhati-hati, cermat dan teliti. Sekiranya kita bersungguh-sungguh dan tekun dalam perkara ini, kita dapat lihat bahawa kritikan sastera iaitu isu tradisi yang dibawa oleh al-Jahiz merupakan isu agung yang hanya dihargai oleh segelintir golongan yang benar-benar menjiwainya.     Kata kunci: Tradisi- Kemodenan- Pembacaan- Interpretasi- Reaksi.

On the Evaluation of Transport Collision Frequencies II. An Approximating Method to Express the Temperature Dependence

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1428-1431
Author(s):  
Ulrich Weinert
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Reference Temperature ◽  
Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The temperature dependence of the transport collision frequencies is discussed, provided they are given for one special reference temperature. An approximative procedure to express this dependence is elaborated using the definition of the transport collision frequencies as expansion coefficients.

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