Big Houses in Kano Emirate

Africa ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Hill
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Organization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The Village ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Opening ParagraphIn 1971–2 I undertook research in part of the very densely populated farming zone around Kano city (often called the Kano close-settled zone) in order to compare it with a Hausa village, Batagarawa, some 100 miles further north in Katsina Emirate, where I had lived and worked in 1967. At Batagarawa farmland is not scarce and members of the community are free to establish farms on uncultivated (bush) land, some of which is no further than a mile or so from the village. For some 30 to 40 miles or more around Kano city, on the other hand, there is little or no uncultivated bush and farmers with insufficient land are obliged to buy or to ‘borrow’ (aro) farmland from others. My purpose was to compare and contrast the socio-economic organization and economic conditions of farmers in the two localities, with special reference, in so far as this variable could be isolated, to population density.

“A Study on the Influence of Rewards on Job Satisfaction With Special Reference to Education Industry in Oman”

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124
Author(s):  
Mrs Nithya Sambamoorthy ◽  
Mr Subhash Kodiyil Raman ◽  
Mr Bhraguram Thayyil
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
College Of Technology ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This research is an examination and a study on the influence of rewards on job satisfaction of lecturers at Shinas College of Technology (ShCT). In academic industry, rewards are one of the factors that affecting job satisfaction of the employees and this will lead to affect their performance in their jobs. So, when rewards are more the job satisfaction will be high and when rewards are less the job satisfaction will be less. On the other hand, the age will not affect the job satisfaction. Previous research reveals that Job satisfaction is very important to success the industry and the rewards are the main factors which affect job satisfaction. The main purpose of this study is to know the influence of rewards in job satisfaction among the lecturers in ShCT. Moreover, this research attempts to identify how much rewards affect the job satisfaction in ShCT.  For this study used two types of data which are: primary data and secondary data. The sources of primary data is the response from lecturers at ShCT. It is collected through structured questionnaire and distributed such to 60 respondents. Secondary data, collected from internet, books, journals, articles etc.

scholarly journals AKTUALISASI REVOLUSI MENTAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA (ANALISIS TAFSIR EKONOMI Q.S.YUSUF [12]: 55)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-246
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Azima Azima
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Village

Dana Desa are one of the most effective policies in village development with the completion of various kinds of infrastructure in the village. On the other hand, this policy caused side effects in the form of criminal acts of corruption against these funds. Through the interpretation of Q.S. Yusuf verse 55, the author offers the actualization of the spirit of mental revolution in the management of village funds through measures to strengthen integrity, increase professionalism, innovation, responsibility, and broaden horizons. Through these steps, the village fund policy can be implemented completely and right on target.

Early Bantu Ethnography from a Philological Point of View

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. v. Warmelo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compact Body ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphFew of the secrets that Africa still holds from us to-day have, I think, such an absorbing interest as the problem of Bantu in its relation to the neighbouring families and types of speech. Taking the continent of Africa as a whole, we find on the one hand the huge, yet marvellously homogeneous and compact body of the Bantu languages, clear-cut in structure, simple and transparent in phonology, and, at the back of much apparent diversity, exceptionally uniform in vocabulary. On the other hand there are in Africa numerous other languages of various type, which differ so much amongst each other that they have not yet been brought under any but the very broadest of classifications. The essential points of these are as follows.

The Political Function of the Poro. (Part II.)

Africa ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Little
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphIn the concluding paragraphs of Part I of this article it was pointed out that in addition to its judicial functions the Poro society possessed some important powers of administration. On the other hand, there was also evidence to suggest that the society carried on this wide range of activities, amounting almost to government of the country, as an instrument of the chiefs.

Effects of population density on female and male burrow characteristics in the fiddler crab, Uca bengali Crane, 1975

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (12-14) ◽  
pp. 1283-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Wazed Tina ◽  
Mullica Jaroensutasinee ◽  
Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
High Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Males And Females

We examined the effects of population density on body size and burrow characteristics ofUca bengaliCrane, 1975. We predicted that (1) males in high-density areas (HD) should be larger in size and build higher quality burrows than males in low-density areas (LD), and (2) HD females should be larger in size, but build lower quality burrows than LD females, as HD females can find higher numbers of good quality male burrows around them for breeding and egg incubation. Our results showed that males and females in HD were larger in size than those in LD. Since HD males were larger in size, they built higher quality burrows than males in LD. On the other hand, even though LD females were smaller in size than HD ones, they built higher quality burrows than HD females. Our results thus indicate that density effects both body size and burrow characteristics.

Milho Zaburro and Milho Maçaroca in Guinea and in the Islands of Cabo Verde

Africa ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Teixeira da Mota ◽  
António Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
The Other ◽  
American Variety ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphIt has been claimed that Zea mays existed in Africa before the discovery of America, but the plant is more generally considered to be a native of America, which could have spread through other continents only in post-Columbian times.This latter opinion has recently been challenged by several writers. Jeffreys, for instance, has since 1953 consistently maintained that on arrival in Guinea the Portuguese found Zea mays already well established there, as the cereal they called milho zaburro, previously introduced by the Arabs, who would have visited America long before Columbus. On the other hand, V. de Magalhães Godinho, pertinently refuting many of Jeffreys's reasonings and identifications, has put forward the view that, before the Portuguese voyages of discovery, there existed in Africa a variety of Zea mays, which was subsequently replaced by the American variety; the Portuguese would have become familiar with this variety in Morocco, and it would be this plant which they called milho zaburro, or milho maçaroca. To both these authors the designations milho maçaroca and Zea mays are indisputably synonymous.

CONFISCATIONS IN THE SELJUK ERA 447 AH/ 1055 AD- 590 AH / 1193 AD

2020 ◽  
pp. 01-19
Author(s):  
Prof. Subhi M. AL-AZZAM ◽  
Dr. Hayel M. AL- BREE
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Precipitating Factor

This study aims to clarify the concept of confiscation, the equivalent terms for the meaning of confiscation, and explain the reasons for confiscations, categories of expropriations, methods of collecting them, and the consequences from frequent confiscations in the Seljuk state. Confiscations are among the interesting and arduous economic issues, due to the lack of historical material and its scattering in the sources. There is also a difficulty in linking this information so that it is difficult for the researcher to conclude in the economic conditions of that period. On the other hand, the importance of Confiscations lies in forming an image of the economic reality of the Seljuk state. Among the most results findings of the study is that the financial situation of the Sultanate Treasury was the precipitating factor for Confiscations for many sultans, especially during the period of conflict between members of the Seljuk house after the end of the period of great Sultans,and that the employers of jobs in the House of Caliphate were more confiscated than their counterparts in the Seljuk state, That is because they plotted with the Sultanate against the Abbasid Caliphate

Is Imbibing Al-khamr (Intoxicating Drink) for Medical Purposes Permissible by Islamic Law?

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdeen Deuraseh
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Literature

AbstractIn this article attempts are made to study one of the important topics that has been widely discussed in Islamic legal literature, namely al-tadawi bi al-muharramat (treatment with forbidden things), with special reference to al-khamr (intoxicating drink). In this regard, there are two different opinions of Muslim jurists regarding the use of intoxicating drink (al-khamr) for medical purposes. The majority of Muslim jurists are of the opinion that treatingdisease with forbidden things is unlawful. As such, they did not allow the use of intoxicating drink for any reason, including its use as a remedy, or to quench thirst, even if there are no other permissible fluids to drink. On the other hand, a few Muslim jurists did allow the use of an intoxicating drink as a remedy, or to quench thirst if no other permissible fluid is available.

scholarly journals Archaeology in Greece, 1890—91

1891 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 385-397
Author(s):  
E. A. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
French School ◽  
Greek Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
The Village ◽  
Tedious Process

The season which is to be recorded in the following pages has been marked by a persevering and wide-spread activity, both on the part of the Greek Government and the Archaeological Society, and also among all the foreign schools established in Athens. This activity has been rewarded by results which are in many cases very interesting; but at the same time there are no discoveries to record so fortunate and brilliant as those which gave us last season the gold cups of Baphion or the great group by Damophon at Lycosura. One fact, however, is of higher importance than any single discovery. The long-postponed excavation of Delphi has at last been formally conceded to the French School. Those who have heard of the complicated negotiations which have been going on about this matter for the last few years may be surprised to hear that the original draft of the contract, which was published last spring, bears the date 1887. But it did not receive the Royal assent and so become law until 13/25 April, 1891. The chief features of the agreement, which follows the same lines as that made with the Germans about Olympia, are as follows. Right of compulsory expropriation is given, as in the case of roads and railways; all land thus acquired becomes the property of the Greek Government, as also do all antiquities of any kind which may be discovered. On the other hand the right of excavation is given to the French for ten years, and also the exclusive right of copying, photographing, and publishing all antiquities discovered for five years from the date of discovery in each case. The expropriation of the village of Castri is a difficult and tedious process; but it is to be hoped that work will actually begin upon the site of Delphi during the coming season. All will await its results with the highest interest, and with confidence that the French School, under the able direction of M. Homolle, will carry out the excavations with the same high efficiency that has marked its other undertakings.

scholarly journals Economic Conditions in the Area Around the Sea of Galilee in Pre-Hellenistic Times

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Zwickel
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Landscape Archaeology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Persian Period ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Economic Basis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ancient People

Abstract In a landscape archaeology project all the fertile fields around the Sea of Galilee (an area of 50 × 30 km) were mapped. The whole territory was subdivided in 5 regions: Jordan valley, Lower Galilee, Upper Galilee, Golan and Transjordanian Hill Country. Additionally all ancient sites from the Neolithic to the Persian period, which are mentioned in archaeological literature, were collected – all together more than 300 sites. These data allow a reconstruction of the economic conditions in antiquity in the area around the Sea of Galilee. Landscape archaeology clearly demonstrates that the economic basis may have been completely diverse in the five sub-regions, and also during different times. Agriculture played a major role in the economy of ancient people. During some periods and in some regions people lived in the midst of the fields, while in other periods they settled at the edges in order not to waste valuable farmland. On the other hand the position of some sites in some periods clearly demonstrates that trade played a major role for the income of the settlers, or basalt mining and working. Streets can be reconstructed, and our methodological approach allows new insights in the economy of this area

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