Mosque-Building and Tribal Separatism in Freetown East

Africa ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Near East ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
Ecclesiastical Architecture ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Foundation Stone

Opening ParagraphOf recent years many mosques have been built in Sierra Leone, while in Freetown itself the number and character of these new buildings is transforming the Eastern Ward into a visibly Islamic city. Several of the new Freetown mosques are alike in their ambitious scale, their architectural style, and in being associated with a particular sponsoring tribe. The older mosques, even the two or three which were built of permanent materials, were small in scale, had but few architectural pretensions, and were communal rather than tribal in character. The new mosques—the Temne, the Mandinka, the Fula, and the Hausa—are all very large and advertise the ecclesiastical architecture of the Near East; a particular tribe was responsible for the building of each, and the tribal vernaculars are—except in the case of the Mandinka—either being used already within them, or about to be introduced. Moreover, the process is obviously continuing. The foundation-stone has been laid of a Limba mosque; land has been acquired and collections are being taken for a Mende mosque, and both are intended to be large buildings in the new style. Finally, a small Susumosque, scarcely finished as yet, is reported to be destined for demolition in order that it may be replaced by a more handsome structure.

1787–1887–1987: reflections on a Sierra Leone bicentenary

Africa ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Language Pattern ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphSeen in the widest perspective, 1787 is only one date among the uncounted tens, perhaps hundreds, of thousands of years during which the present Sierra Leone has been inhabited. Archaeologists have done disappointingly little work there. But it is clear from their findings (and by implication from findings in the rest of forest-belt West Africa) that people have lived there a very long time. Though traditional historiography always tends to present the peoples of Sierra Leone as immigrants from somewhere else, the language pattern suggests continuous occupation over a very long period. As Paul Hair (1967) has shown, there has been a striking linguistic continuity in coastal West Africa since the fifteenth century. Nor is there evidence to suggest that before that period stability and continuity were not the norm.

Kinship, Emigration, and Trade Partnership among the Lebanese of West Africa

Africa ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuad I. Khuri
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Kinship Structure ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Kinship Ties ◽  
Upper Volta

Opening ParagraphThis article describes the kinship structure of some Lebanese communities in West Africa, and the resemblances they bear to the communities from which they originated in Lebanon. It also shows the extent to which kinship ties promote emigration, and the kind of trade partnership normally practised by kinsmen. Two communities are considered: the Greek Orthodox community in Ouagadougou (Upper Volta), and the Shi'ite Muslim community in Magburaka (Sierra Leone).

Charting for Modern Needs

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
D. W. Haslam
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Near East ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
New Buildings

With the rapid changes taking place in so many countries – new ports, new terminals and anchorages and new buildings of significance to mariners – it is essential that users report back to us whenever they feel that our charting service could be improved. Whilst it is flattering that we seldom do have criticism, this is not always very helpful. At the recent International Hydrographic Conference in Monaco preliminary results of a recent questionnaire issued by the International Chamber of Shipping on the use and availability of navigational charts and Notices to Mariners were made known; it was flattering to hear that over 2000 of the replies stated that they used British Admiralty products as their primary series, but disconcerting that about a quarter of the replies said that arrangements for the supply of both charts and Notices to Mariners were less than adequate. Even for the various national or world-wide series of charts, it has given me food for thought to hear that our own arrangements were considered to be ‘adequate’ in Western Europe (including the Mediterranean) by only 504 out of 1150 ships, by 753 out of 2547 ships in North American waters, and by 457 out of 1507 ships in the Middle and Near East. Many other areas seem to reveal reports just as conflicting as those which we have heard at earlier Chart Users' Panel meetings, when we have repeatedly asked for reports of areas where our service could be improved, but seldom if ever have had any reports of difficult areas.

The Letter-order of the Semitic Alphabets in Africa and the Near East

Africa ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Honeyman
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Near East ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
South West ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Ethiopic syllabary employed for writing the classical Ge'ez and also, with certain modifications, the contemporary South Semitic vernaculars of East Africa, was formed by super-imposing a system of auxiliary vowel-marks upon a basic consonantal alphabet; this alphabet occurs, alongside of the syllabic script, in the Old Ethiopic inscriptions of the Axumite Kingdom in the fourth century of our era, and is a derivative of the Sabaeo-Minaean or Old South Arabic script found in the monuments of the south-west Arabian kingdoms. But although the Ethiopic syllabary is thus genetically connected with the other main branches of the Semitic alphabet, the traditional order of the signs, in which the consonantal component and the accompanying vowel are the primary and secondary determining factors respectively, does not agree with that of any Semitic alphabet hitherto known. There is no old or reliable native tradition as to the reason underlying the order of the signs; no help is to be had from numerical signs, which elsewhere, as will shortly appear, afford valuable testimony to the order of the letters; for Ethiopic borrowed Greek alphabetic signs for this purpose, while the South Arabian inscriptions used single strokes for the units, and for higher denominations the initial letters of the native words for five, ten, hundred, &c. The mnemonic word-groups reconstructed by Bauer and others are open to objection on grounds of language and sense. Other external criteria yield only tentative and inconclusive results, and the subject has accordingly remained one of speculation and controversy.

The Gambia Section of the National Congress of British West Africa

Africa ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ayodele Langley
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Local Committee ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
National Congress ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Gambia was the last of the four English-speaking West African colonies to organize a local branch of the National Congress movement. As in Sierra Leone the local committee was dominated by ‘middle class’ Creoles, although active Muslim members included Sheikh Omar Fye, who played a leading role in local politics up to the early 1950s and was a leading spokesman of the Muslim community in Bathurst. Other Muslim members were Njagga Saar, a local carpenter; Omar Jallow, described as a ‘prominent agriculturist’; Amar Gaye Cham, vice-president of the 1923-4 local executive committee and a dealer. Creoles active in the local committee came largely from the mercantile and legal professions. Isaac J. Roberts, who was president of the 1925-6 committee, was a prominent solicitor of Sierra Leone descent. He was a merchant before going to England to read law; he practised in Bathurst and Lagos despite the loss of his eyesight which occurred during his student days in England. He represented the Gambia at the Lagos Session of the NCBWA in 1930. He died in Freetown in April 1933 at the age of eighty-two. M. S. J. Richards, one of the vice-presidents of the 1923-4 local executive committee, was a local trader; J. A. Mahoney (later Sir John Mahoney and Speaker of the Gambia House of Representatives) was formerly a government employee who later worked for the French firm C.F.A.O. as a mercantile clerk; the Hon. S. J. Forster, first president of the local committee, came from a distinguished Creole family and served for several years on the Legislative Council; J. E. Mahoney was the nephew of S. J. Forster and was also a trader. B. J. George, local secretary of the committee from 1921 to 1923, and delegate to the Freetown Session in 1923, was a commission agent; Henry M. Jones was a wealthy trader and was one of the Gambian delegates to the NCBWA London committee in 1920-1; until the 1921 slump and the depression of the 1930s, ‘Pa ’ Jones was influential in both business circles and in local politics. Other prominent Creole traders associated with the local committee were E. F. Small, delegate to the Accra Conference and the London committee; E. A. T. Nicol, E. J. C. Rendall, and E. N. Jones.

Migrant Aŋlo Fishing Companies and Socio-Political Change: A Comparative Study

Africa ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Wyllie
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Political Change ◽  
West African ◽  
Beach Seine ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Aŋlo are an Ewe-speaking people who occupy the low-lying coastal area between the Volta river in Ghana and Lome, the capital of Togo. They are among the most mobile of West African peoples, Aŋlo beach seine fishing companies having for many years operated from beaches as far afield as Sierra Leone and Angola. In recent years, however, the governments of certain West African countries have ordered their removal in attempts to protect the interests of indigenous fishermen. This has meant that these companies have tended more and more to return to Ghanaian beaches, but have found that the increasing mechanization of Ghanaian coastal fishing presents a serious threat to their continued operation.

The Organization and Functions of the Ragbenle Society of the Temne

Africa ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon R. Dorjahn
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
General Area ◽  
Guinea Coast ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe Temne of the Northern Province of Sierra Leone are second only to the Mende in the Protectorate, numbering over half a million and inhabiting some 10,500 square miles of land. In general, they are culturally similar to their neighbours, especially in their possession of a number of societies, some secret, some not, which play integral roles in their lives. Of the societies found in this westernmost section of the Guinea Coast area, the Bundu or Sande for women and the Poro for men have been described by various writers for a number of groups. The emphasis placed on these two societies in the literature is justifiable in view of their multi-tribal geographic distribution, their general membership embracing most of the adult population and much of the adolescent segment in the groups where they are found, and the important functions they serve. In addition, however, there are a number of societies in this general area which, although they have a more restricted area distribution and less general membership, nevertheless also serve important functions for one or more groups. Such a society is the Ragbenle, also known as Maneke, which is centred in the eastern section of Temne country, where it is closely connected with the chiefs, particularly in conducting the ceremonies associated with their death, burial, selection, instruction, and installation, and, in addition, purifies violators of incest prohibitions, heals the chief and anyone else seeking help, divines witches, and provides other supernatural services. The purpose of this paper is to consider the membership of the society in terms of both supernatural and human members, and its functions in various aspects of Temne life.

The Changing Political System of the Temne

Africa ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon R. Dorjahn
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Political System ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThe purpose of this study is to consider some of the changes that have taken place in the positions of political officials and in the administrative hierarchy of the Temne of Sierra Leone, British West Africa. The time period under concern extends from approximately 1880, towards the end of the ‘tribal wars’, as they are called by the Temne, through the establishment of the Protectorate and the later introduction of the Native Administration system, to the ‘disturbances in the Provinces’, November 1955 to March 1956.

scholarly journals Deep Learning dalam Mengindetifikasi Jenis Bangunan Heritage dengan Algoritma Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 831
Author(s):  
Sri Winiarti ◽  
Mochammad Yulianto Andi Saputro ◽  
Sunardi Sunardi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Architectural Style ◽  
The Public ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
New Buildings

A heritage building is a building that has a distinctive style or tradition from a culture whose activities are carried out continuously until now and are used as a characteristic of that culture. The problems that occur in the community are the lack of knowledge to recognize the types of heritage buildings and the lack of digital documentation. Another problem that occurs in identifying heritage buildings is that there are similarities between heritage buildings and new buildings that imitate the architectural style of heritage buildings from ornaments. This can raise doubts in the information related to the original history of heritage buildings for the public or visitors. This study aims to apply the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify the types of heritage buildings. The benefits of this research can be found in the characteristics of a building based on ornaments so that it can be used to obtain information about the types of heritage buildings in Indonesia. A dataset of 7184 images of ornaments from heritage buildings were used which were taken directly at the Yogyakarta location, namely; Mataram Grand Mosque, Taqwa Wonokromo Mosque, Kalang House, Joglo KH Ahmad Dahlan and Ketandan. It is necessary to identify the heritage building because the object of the building can become extinct at any time, so to maintain it, documentation is needed as an effort to preserve culture and for education. Based on the evaluation of the performance of the tests carried out using the confusion matrix method from 391 ornamental images, the results obtained are 98% accuracy

The Church East and West: Orienting the Queen Anne Churches, 1711-34

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Ali ◽  
Peter Cunich
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
New Churches ◽  
Ecclesiastical Architecture ◽  
Correct Alignment ◽  
History Of ◽  
East And West ◽  
High Church ◽  
The Church

This article presents the results of an investigation carried out to determine the orientation of seventeen churches and one church plan that are directly or indirectly associated with the 1711 and 1712 Acts for Building Fifty New Churches (for London). The buildings represent an important episode in the history of western ecclesiastical architecture, the visible manifestation of a Tory government-High Church plan to rekindle a "purer form of Christianity" based on the "primitive churches" of the Near East. Our data indicate that few, if any, of the buildings were aligned using the rising or setting sun on important Christian feast days, the method adopted by many of the medieval church builders. Whether this break with tradition was deliberate or not is a matter for conjecture. Nicholas Hawksmoor seemed particularly keen on getting a "correct" alignment and did so for three of his six sole-author buildings. In fact, we suggest that two of Hawksmoor's churches at St. Anne Limehouse and Christchurch Spitalfields, and James Gibbs's St. Martin-in-the-Fields, were so accurately aligned that the only feasible technique for achieving this was through the use of declination-corrected compasses. We speculate that the scientist Edmond Halley provided information and logistical assistance to Hawksmoor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document