Sexual Life, Marriage, and Childhood among the Efik

Africa ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Life ◽  
Bath Water ◽  
Marriage Customs ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThis paper describes the infancy, childhood, adolescence, and marriage customs of the Efik of Creek Town, Calabar Province, Nigeria.In former times, when polygyny was widespread, the husband was expected to have coition with his wives unless he was ill or the wives were either menstruating or nursing a child. Although he might have coition with any wife during the day, he was expected to sleep in strict rotation with the wives at night in order to prevent quarrelling and jealousy. If he possessed only three wives, a weekly rotation called urua mbri ebe, ‘weekly mat of the husband’, was expected, while a man with two wives performed ɔfiɔŋ mbri ebe, ‘monthly mat of the husband’. If he possessed several wives the husband followed usen mbri ebe, ‘daily mat of the husband’. The one with whom he slept prepared his food and bath water, and washed his clothes. Efik nicknamed wives iban ufip, ‘jealous women’, because of their frequent quarrels and feuds.

Early Bantu Ethnography from a Philological Point of View

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. v. Warmelo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bantu Languages ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Compact Body ◽  
The One ◽  
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Opening ParagraphFew of the secrets that Africa still holds from us to-day have, I think, such an absorbing interest as the problem of Bantu in its relation to the neighbouring families and types of speech. Taking the continent of Africa as a whole, we find on the one hand the huge, yet marvellously homogeneous and compact body of the Bantu languages, clear-cut in structure, simple and transparent in phonology, and, at the back of much apparent diversity, exceptionally uniform in vocabulary. On the other hand there are in Africa numerous other languages of various type, which differ so much amongst each other that they have not yet been brought under any but the very broadest of classifications. The essential points of these are as follows.

Two Studies of Ifa Divination

Africa ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Morton-Williams ◽  
William Bascom ◽  
E. M. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Good Fortune ◽  
The One ◽  
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Opening ParagraphTo the Yoruba, divination is of great concern, as the means by which they discover and hope to influence the changes in their relationships with the gods and ancestors and other spirits in their complex cosmos, and so to gain their aid in their pursuit of health and good fortune. They employ a number of divinatory techniques. The one that yields the fullest information is the system of geomancy known as Ifa, for which there are three procedures of varying complexity, the two most complex being used by professional diviners (babalawo). The Ifa oracle is animated by a deity named Orunmila, but also often called Ifa.

scholarly journals Socio-Political Dynamics And The Clash Of Values In Nayantara Sahgal‟s This Time Of Morning

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 1480-1484
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Dynamics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Human Value ◽  
The One

This present paper deals with the SocioPolitical changes and the clash of values encountered after independent India represented in Nayantara Sahgal’s novel, This Time of Mornig. On the one hand, the study explores the conflicting attitude of idealism and pragmatism, humanism and non-humanism, and Gandhian Philosophy and Ganghian syndrome. The novel deals with the idealism of Kailas Virund, Prakash Sukla and Abdual Rahman is juxtaposed to the corrupt political system of Somnath, Hari Mohan and Kalyan. On the other hand, it deals with the problem of communication among the secluded elite of Delhi in term of artistic construct. The core theme of the novel is stated from the point of Rakesh who is himself uncertain vacillating anxious and hesitant at the beginning. Nita is another character who becomes susceptible to Kalyan’s influence. In her we find a young woman whose desires …both spiritual and sexual life have not been understood by her parents. Freedom is seen to be an indispensable prerequisite for human development. Every characters in this novel endeavour towards realization of freedom as basic human value. Sahgal’s prime interest in this novel is perfect and proper relationship between in public life as well as personal life and she ardently shows the problems caused by a changing order

Marriage Customs of the Luo of Kenya

Africa ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
General Account ◽  
Marriage Customs ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Made In

Opening ParagraphThis paper forms part of a short general account of the Luo based on a rapid survey made in 1936. The survey was financed by the Leverhulme Grants Committee. An earlier part, describing the political structure of the Luo, has recently appeared in another journal.Apart from information provided by Father Hartmann and a fuller account by Mr. K. C. Shaw, early accounts of Luo marriage are slight, and in some cases misleading. Mr. Shaw's account covers a good part of the ground covered by the present paper, but it is useful to have two independent accounts, especially as both were written from information obtained through interpreters. When I went to Kenya I did not expect to visit the Luo and I had not therefore read Mr. Shaw's article. Mr. Shaw and I disagree in a number of particulars in the overlapping parts of our papers. It does not follow from this that either of us is wrong in our statements because, as Mr. Shaw points out, there is some variation in local custom in the different tribes of Luoland. My own information on this particular subject was mostly obtained from the Alego tribe of Central Kavirondo. In the main I have followed the account given me by Pastor Ezekiel of that tribe. In doing so I have omitted much detail.

An Anthropological No-Man's-Land

Africa ◽  
1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Ruxton
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Indirect Rule

Opening ParagraphThe number of Africa published in January 1929 contains two articles which are of real help to the colonial administrator. The first article, by the Rev. Father Dubois, S.J., compares the supposedly opposite dogmas of assimilation and adaptation, or, in administrative language, of direct and indirect rule. Therein the author conclusively shows that these formulae are not dogmas, the one unorthodox and the other orthodox; that the education of a race cannot be accomplished by means of a formula, but that it is a matter of time, tact and love. In fact the methods of assimilation and adaptation are both required, as also the one in conjunction with the other.

Secondary Industries for Tropical Africa

Africa ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Cahan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Laborious Method

Opening ParagraphThere is a tendency in some quarters to regard secondary industries as a panacea for all the economic ills of tropical Africa. It would be well at this initial stage to sound a note of warning. In the past, the industrialization of agricultural countries has had two results: one good, one bad. On the one hand, the establishment in a country of labour-saving machinery and large-scale production in place of the old laborious method of making things by hand has led to a rise in the general standard of living within the country in terms of real incomes. On the other hand, the drift of workers to the towns and the herding together of large numbers of people in factories resulted in the sum of social evils associated with the ‘dark satanic mills’: overcrowding, sweated labour, destitution, unemployment, and many more. The problem for tropical Africa to-day is to combine the maximum of the first and good effect with a minimum of the second evil.

Defining and Disrupting Species Boundaries in Saccharomyces

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-495
Author(s):  
Jasmine Ono ◽  
Duncan Greig ◽  
Primrose J. Boynton
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Sexual Life ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Isolation Mechanisms

The genus Saccharomyces is an evolutionary paradox. On the one hand, it is composed of at least eight clearly phylogenetically delineated species; these species are reproductively isolated from each other, and hybrids usually cannot complete their sexual life cycles. On the other hand, Saccharomyces species have a long evolutionary history of hybridization, which has phenotypic consequences for adaptation and domestication. A variety of cellular, ecological, and evolutionary mechanisms are responsible for this partial reproductive isolation among Saccharomyces species. These mechanisms have caused the evolution of diverse Saccharomyces species and hybrids, which occupy a variety of wild and domesticated habitats. In this article, we introduce readers to the mechanisms isolating Saccharomyces species, the circumstances in which reproductive isolation mechanisms are effective and ineffective, and the evolutionary consequences of partial reproductive isolation. We discuss both the evolutionary history of the genus Saccharomyces and the human history of taxonomists and biologists struggling with species concepts in this fascinating genus.

Nyoro Kinship

Africa ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. M. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Actual Behaviour ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Broad Outline

Opening ParagraphIn this article and in a succeeding one I give a preliminary account of Nyoro kinship and affinal terms, together with some description of the expected and actual behaviour associated with the categories they denote. I hope at a later date to publish a very much fuller account, but it may in the meantime be useful to put on record a broad outline of the Nyoro system, so far undescribed except for the few pages devoted to it in Roscoe's work. In the present article I discuss Nyoro categories of kin; in the one which follows I shall consider affinal relationships and Nyoro notions about them.

The Bases of Nationalism among the Bakongo

Africa ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Lemarchand
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Resistance ◽  
Resistance Movements ◽  
The One ◽  
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Opening ParagraphNationalist assertions among the Bakongo have been at the forefront of the active resistance movements which ultimately led the Belgian Government to grant the Congo its independence. These reactions to the Belgian presence, which can be traced back to the early twenties, expressed themselves in highly diversified forms and with varying degrees of intensity. From the early days of the Belgian rule, however, a duality of tendencies has been apparent in the Mukongo cultural heritage. The acceptance of certain Western innovations, on the one hand, combined with a manifest attachment to their cultural background, on the other, accounts for the presence of modernist and traditional strands discernible in present-day attitudes towards authority.

scholarly journals Witchcraft

Africa ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Evans-Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
African Society ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphThere are few, if any, African societies which do not believe in witchcraft of one type or another. These types can be classified and their areas of distribution marked out. Thus we have the ‘evil eye’ type, the likundu type, and the kindoki type, and doubtless other variations could be distinguished. But though some notion which we can describe as a belief in witchcraft is found in maybe every African society it is far from playing a uniform part in each. In many communities, including the one from which the information used in this paper was gathered, witchcraft is a function of a wide range of social behaviour, while in others it has little ideological importance. In this paper my conclusions about the social relations of the witchcraft concept are drawn from twenty months experience of the Azande nation of the Nile-Uelle divide, where witchcraft is a ubiquitous notion. Whether what is true of this people is true of many other African communities I cannot say.

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