Seniority Rights. Status as "Personal Property within the State" Authorizing Service of Process by Publication

1933 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 424
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Personal Property

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE NOTARIAL SYSTEM IN INHERITANCE OF ENTERPRISES WITH NO CORPORATE STATUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kirillova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
State Registration

The article considers the role of the notary in the inheritance of enterprises without the formation of a legal entity. At the present stage, many individual entrepreneurs create enterprises without forming a legal entity, but when inheriting such an enterprise, there are problems of separating the enterprise from the personal property of citizens. In this regard, it is proposed to carry out the state registration and statement on the cadastral accounting of a business without forming a legal entity. The role of a notary will be significantly increased if the mandatory state registration of an enterprise without the formation of a legal entity is established by law.

Sale of Office

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-373
Author(s):  
Mark Knights
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Ways Of Thinking

The chapter charts a shift in attitudes to the sale of office, from the Jacobean period, when it seems to have been relatively commonplace, to the early nineteenth century, when the practice was formally banned for most offices (except those in the army). This reflected a shift away from the idea of office as personal property towards office as a public duty, and away from the idea of office as generating informal, personal profit beyond the public, formal remuneration decided by the state or corporation. But the shift was a protracted and messy one, with an ongoing contest between different ways of thinking about venality. For some it was a pragmatic issue, often related to customary norms, that did not imperil the morality or the smooth running of the state; for others, it represented an immoral pursuit of self-interest and avarice that posed a dangerous threat to the polity.

ASSERTING CRIMINAL LAW CLAIMS ON BEHALF OF THE STATE TREASURY FROM CONVICTS BOUND BY THE JOINT MARITAL PROPERTY REGIME

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (XVIII) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Andrzej Pokora
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Marital Property ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Joint Property ◽  
Property Regime

The article covers the terms and scope of liability of convicts from their personal property and from the joint property when they are bound by the joint marital property regime. In the first place, problems of a convict’s liability from the personal property is discussed. Then, the possibility of the convict’s liability from the joint property is presented. Finally, the article discusses problems of limiting or excluding the liability under art . 28 of the Executive Penal Code and the impact of a change in property relations between spouses on the conduct of execution of criminal law liabilities.

Constitutional Law in 1918–1919. II: The Constitutional Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States in the October Term, 1918

1920 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73
Author(s):  
Thomas Reed Powell
Keyword(s):  
Due Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourteenth Amendment ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Commerce Clause ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Constitutional Decisions ◽  
Extra State ◽  
Foreign Corporation

Several of the cases already considered under the commerce clause involved further questions under the Fourteenth Amendment. Georgia's misuse of the mileage ratio in applying the unit rule to the taxation of wandering cars was found so arbitrary as to violate the requirement of due process. The minority insisted that “the case presents no question of taxing a foreign corporation with respect to personal property that never has come within the borders of the state.” This was not specifically denied by the majority who seem to base their decision on excessive valuation of property within the jurisdiction rather than on taxation of property outside the jurisdiction. Yet in substance the case is one of taxing extra-state values though not extra-state tangible objects.Missouri's excessive fee for certificates authorizing the issue of bonds secured by railroad property within the state, which was held an unconstitutional regulation of interstate commerce, was alleged by complainant to be a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment as well. The opinion of the court did not pass on the due-process question, but the cases cited under the commerce clause relied also on the Fourteenth Amendment.

Seals and scarabs

2020 ◽  
pp. 366-408
Author(s):  
Regine Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Hierarchical System ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Old Kingdom ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cylinder Seals

Sealing and stamping was an important part of Egypt’s daily life. Royal and official institutional seals played a significant role in the administration of the state and in the hierarchical system. Seals of individual officials, private persons, and families not only marked personal property, but could define the position of the owner in the society, as well. Besides such real seals, amulet seals and pseudo-seals exist, which have no administrative function and were not made for sealing. Egyptian seal-devices are divided into two main types: cylinder and stamp seals. The Egyptians used cylinder seals since the Predynastic period; they were particularly popular during the Old Kingdom for royal, administrative, and private use. Stamp seals were developed in the late Old Kingdom. They have either a geometrical or a figurative top, and a flat bottom, which is inscribed, figuratively decorated, or ornamented with patterns. Figurative seals are either zoomorphic or anthropomorphic, and usually depict icons, such as heads or full figures; they also display motifs, particularly figurative pairs or small groups. The most famous figurative type was the scarab and scarab-related parallel types with oval bases, such as scaraboids (with figurative, regularly curved, non-scarab back) and cowroids (with cowry shell shaped back). Special scarab types with specific functions emerged over time, for example, heart scarabs, winged scarabs, or pectorals with scarab centrepiece.

The Psychology of Property Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Stern ◽  
Daphna Lewinsohn-Zamir ◽  
Linda J. Demaine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
The State ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Human Judgment ◽  
Liability Rules ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
And Behavior

The Psychology of Property Law considers how research in psychology offers new perspectives on property rules and doctrines, and suggests avenues of reform. The book explains how assumptions about human judgment, decision making, and behavior have shaped different property laws and examines to what extent these assumptions are supported by the research. Employing key findings from psychology, the book considers whether property law’s goals and justifications for various property doctrines could be achieved more successfully with different rules. In addition, the book highlights property laws and conflicts that offer productive areas for further behaviorally informed research. The book critically addresses several topics from property law for which psychology has a great deal to contribute. These include ownership and possession, legal protections for residential and personal property, takings of property by the state, redistribution through property law, real estate transactions, and discrimination in housing and land use. Turning to remedies, the book discusses how psychology can inform legal debates over the desirability of property rules versus liability rules, and in-kind remedies versus monetary ones.

State Supervision of Local Fiscal Officers in Virginia

1931 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004-1008
Author(s):  
James E. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The State ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
The People ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Fair Market ◽  
Fair Market Value

One of the achievements of the brilliant administration of Harry F. Byrd was the segregation of the sources of revenue. The governor was quite sincere and enthusiastic in his support of this principle, believing, it seemed, that it was the panacea for a great many of our tax troubles. His exuberant enthusiasm caused him to make an error, many believe, when he had written into the rather inflexible constitution of the commonwealth the provision that no state tax shall be levied on real estate and tangible personal property. The state, therefore, no longer has any interest in this kind of property, and its supervision over local fiscal officers extends only so far as they are agents of the state, assessing and collecting the state's revenue.Each county and city has a local commissioner of the revenue, elected by the people, who assesses for the state intangible personal property, individual incomes, and money and capital, and who assesses for the local government tangible personal property, machinery and tools, and merchants' capital. The state tax commissioner has forms printed and sent to each local commissioner on which all the items mentioned above are supposed to be listed at their fair market value by the taxpayer. Mr. Morrissett, the present state tax commissioner, has inaugurated a plan of holding annual conventions of commissioners of the revenue where the problem of assessment and the complications of the state tax code are discussed.

Social Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-336
Author(s):  
Danny M. Adkison ◽  
Lisa McNair Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal Programs ◽  
State Program ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Federal Program ◽  
Ad Valorem Taxes ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Ad Valorem

This chapter highlights Article XXV of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns Social Security. Section 1 provides for a separate state program to help the needy and also provides for cooperation with federal programs to provide such aid. It was adopted in 1936 and amended in 1941 for the purpose of permitting full participation in the federal program. The state may not spend ad valorem taxes, which are taxes imposed upon the value of real or personal property, to fund the programs contemplated by this section. Section 2 through Section 4 of this article are repealed. Meanwhile, Section 5 is merely a housekeeping provision to ensure that the timing of passage of the sections in this article did not interfere with the validity of the sections.

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