Oro Blanco: Cotton, Technology, and Family Labor in Nineteenth-Century Argentina

Donna J. Guy

doi:10.2307/1007409

Oro Blanco: Cotton, Technology, and Family Labor in Nineteenth-Century Argentina

The Americas A Quarterly Review of Latin American History ◽

10.2307/1007409 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 457-478

Author(s):

Donna J. Guy

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Large Scale ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Textile Production ◽

Family Labor ◽

Northern Regions ◽

Women And Children ◽

Agrarian Societies ◽

Rural Production

Cotton growing and textile production in the northern regions of newly independent Argentina, as in many other parts of Latin America still relatively unaffected by the industrial revolution, were linked to the gender division of labor and the type of landholdings found in agrarian societies. As early as 1970 Ester Boserup pointed out the divergent roles that women and children would play in societies based upon extensive properties farmed or ranched by slave or hired help as compared with smaller, more intensive farms and ranches. She, like many others, however, presumed that wage labor, large scale agriculture, and ranching dominated the Latin American landscape, and she emphasized the role of women compared to other family members in rural production.

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Commodity Chains and Networks in Emerging Markets: New Zealand, 1880–1910

The Business History Review ◽

10.1017/s0007680500080570 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 275-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ian Hunter

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Latin American ◽

Large Scale ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Foreign Capital ◽

Commodity Chains ◽

Entrepreneurial Networks ◽

Diffusion Of Technology ◽

Dairy Processing ◽

Rapid Diffusion

This consideration of how innovation was exploited in primary processing industries during the period of the second industrial revolution draws on case material from frozen-meat and dairy-processing industries in New Zealand between 1880 and 1910, examining how entrepreneurial networks successfully created commodity chains for the exportation of produce to U.K. markets. Latin American commodity chains are considered as a counterpoint. What is suggested is that despite the absence of large-scale firms and significant foreign capital, New Zealand producers, relying on network-based organizational forms, successfully entered overseas markets, capitalizing on information sharing, rapid diffusion of technology, and loose alliances that exploited complementary skills and assets.

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The Stansfields of Halifax: A Case Study of the Making of the Middle Class

Albion A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies ◽

10.2307/4051241 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 27-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John Smail

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Large Scale ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Textile Production ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

History Of

Between the Civil War and the Industrial Revolution, four generations of the Stansfield family lived in Halifax—an upland parish in the West Riding of Yorkshire. Although its politics were calm, the century and a half between England's two great “revolutions” was not devoid of change in other respects. Significant social, economic, and cultural developments during this period laid the foundations for the ferment of the Industrial Revolution. The history of the Stansfield family is an excellent illustration of these changes, for there was a world of difference between the great-grandfather, Josias Stansfield, who was in his prime at the Restoration, and his great-grandsons, George and David Stansfield, who were in their primes a century later.For his part, Josias was recognizably a man of the middling sort. A yeoman engaged in farming and small-scale textile production, his economic activities and his social standing place him in the ranks of families who fell between the few gentlemen who lived in the area and the mass of simple artisans and laborers who had to struggle just to survive. Josias's great-grandsons, George and David Stansfield lived in a different world. By the mid-eighteenth century, Halifax's textile industry was increasingly dominated by large-scale production of which George's large putting-out concern and David's substantial export business were typical. George and David's social position was also quite different. No longer merely comfortable, these two second cousins were among the wealthiest residents of their respective townships, and they had assumed an appropriately significant share of the political and social leadership in the parish.

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The role of temperature and the NAO index in the changing snow-related variables in European regions in the period 1900-2010

Hungarian Geographical Bulletin ◽

10.15201/hungeobull.70.4.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 325-337

Author(s):

Anna Kis ◽

◽

Rita Pongrácz ◽

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Northern Europe ◽

European Regions ◽

Nao Index ◽

Oceanic Climate ◽

Northern Regions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Circulation Characteristics

Snow-related variables are analysed in the present paper in the period 1901‒2010 on the basis of the ERA-20C dataset. Relationships between different snow characteristics, temperature and the NAO index are investigated on monthly, yearly and decadal scales for eight regions within Europe representing different climatic types (i.e. oceanic, continental, polar) to analyse the differences and similarities between them depending on the climatic conditions. According to our results, the ratio of snow (i.e. snowfall compared to total precipitation) can reach 1 in winter in the colder, northern regions, whereas it is about 0.6 in the continental areas of Central Europe, even in the coldest months. During a strong positive phase of NAO more snow falls in the northern regions of Europe due to the large-scale circulation characteristics. When a negative NAO phase occurs, the temperature and snowfall anomalies are the opposite in northern Europe. The highest temperature values generally occurred after 2000, and the snowfall amount was smaller in the first decades of the 21st century compared to the previous decades. The relationship between temperature and snowfall is the strongest in autumn in the colder regions; in spring in the continental areas and in winter in the oceanic climate.

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Prospects of establishment of east-west transit transport corridor deploying magnetic levitation technology

Transportation systems and technology ◽

10.17816/transsyst201843s121-35 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3 suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 21-35

Author(s):

Anatoly A. Zaitsev ◽

Iana V. Sokolova

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Magnetic Levitation ◽

Freight Transport ◽

Transport Parameters ◽

Container Transport ◽

The World ◽

Safety Parameters ◽

East West

According to economist Klaus Schwab, the today’s community is at the threshold of the Fourth Industrial Revolution which will influence transport branch especially. Today, we see a fundamental change of assessment of the place and role of transport in the world progress. At the governmental level the tasks of realisation of large-scale projects have been determined, which will be able to strengthen Russia’s positions at the world freight transport market, namely container transport, increase Russia’s transit potential, speed, quality of passenger service and freight transport. The authors suggest options to solve the set tasks building on the idea of implementation of innovative magnetic levitation technology while establishing East-West Transport Transit Corridor. Magnetic levitation technology is competitive with the existing modes of transport in key speed, sustainability, energy efficiency and safety parameters, namely ecological safety. The main purpose of establishment of a transit transport corridor is to introduce a new transport service with a unique number of properties. Accordingly, transport and technology tasks are solved which are associated with construction and modernisation of transport lines, terminals, information systems, etc. The project of transport transit corridor in question is suggested to undertake in three stages. The assessment of Russian container transport market and comparison study of maglev and conventional railway transport parameters confirm efficiency of the project. To deliver this project, the decision should be made at the governmental level.

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Gentrification in Latin America: Overview and Critical Analysis

Urban Studies Research ◽

10.1155/2014/986961 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

John J. Betancur

Keyword(s):

Latin American ◽

Local Governments ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Global South ◽

Urban Restructuring ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Global North ◽

American Cities

This paper offers a critical review and interpretation of gentrification in Latin American cities. Applying a flexible methodology, it examines enabling conditions associated with societal regime change and local contingencies to determine its presence, nature, extent, and possibilities. Questioning the uncritical transfer of constructs such as gentrification from the Global North to the Global South, the paper advocates analyses of mediating structures and local conditions to determine their applicability and possible variations. Overall, the review questions the feasibility of self-sustained, large scale gentrification in central areas of the region’s cities today tying it to each city’s level of incorporation into global circuits and the role of local governments. Rather than an orthodox hypothesis testing, this is an exercise in interpretation that calls for nuanced approaches to the study of urban restructuring in cities of the global South.

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Consequences of Industry 4.0 in Business and Economics

Economies ◽

10.3390/economies6030046 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 46 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Petra Maresova ◽

Ivan Soukal ◽

Libuse Svobodova ◽

Martina Hedvicakova ◽

Ehsan Javanmardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Industry 4.0 ◽

Large Scale ◽

Business Processes ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Intelligent Manufacturing ◽

Skills Development ◽

The Government ◽

Economic Perspectives ◽

Quantitative Changes

The introduction of information technology into all aspects of our lives has brought forth qualitative and quantitative changes on such a large scale that this process has come to be known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or Industry 4.0. The aim of this paper is to fill in the gaps and provide an overview of studies dealing with Industry 4.0 from the business and economic perspectives. A scoping review is performed regarding business, microeconomic and macroeconomic economic problems. Four investigators performed a literature search of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. The selected period spanned from 2014 to 2018, and the following keywords were used for the search: Industry 4.0, economics, economic development, production economics, and financial sector. A total of 2275 results were returned. In all, 67 full papers were screened. Results obtained from the relevant studies were, furthermore, divided into the following categories: work and skills development; economy growth and macroeconomic aspect; sustainability; intelligent manufacturing; policy; and change in business processes. Findings show that the aspects of work and skills development, smart technology adoption, intelligent manufacturing, and digitalization are very well described. The government and its policies usually play the role of a needed supportive element. Usually studies lack a coherent view of the topic in question and solve partial questions.

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Who does the dishes? Precarious employment and ethnic solidarity among restaurant workers in Los Angeles’ Chinese enclave

Ethnicities ◽

10.1177/1468796818789455 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 433-451

Author(s):

Rennie Lee

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Latin American ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ethnic Enclave ◽

Wage Theft ◽

Latino Workers ◽

Chinese Workers ◽

Ethnic Solidarity ◽

Enclave Economy

Large-scale immigration to the US from Asian and Latin American countries has garnered much scholarly attention on immigrants’ economic integration. To enhance their economic prospects, newly arrived immigrants with limited English skills who face discrimination may rely on other immigrants with shared national origins to form businesses and find jobs. Ethnic enclave economy model describes a mutually beneficial relationship between coethnic employers and employees that relies on shared ethnicity and ethnic solidarity. However, employers are increasingly hiring non-coethnics, indicating a change in the ethnic economy and questions the role of ethnic solidarity. This study examines the consequences of hiring non-coethnic labor by focusing on Chinese and Latino employees in Chinese-owned restaurants in Los Angeles. Drawing on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork, this study examines the reasons for hiring Latinos, the role of ethnic solidarity in job allocation and pay practices, and how Chinese employers manage the two groups of workers. In general, this study finds that despite sharing ethnic solidarity with employers, Chinese workers experience worse treatment than non-coethnics via complaint management, off-the-clock violations, and wage theft. In contrast, Latino workers do not share ethnic solidarity with their employers, but still receive more favorable treatment because Chinese employers are concerned that Latino workers will use institutional means to file formal complaints and report labor violations. This study’s findings contribute to a larger discussion about whether the obligations associated with ethnic solidarity outweigh the benefits and whether ethnic enclave employment provides pathways for upward mobility among coethnics.

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A note on space in the Ethiopian revolution

Africa ◽

10.2307/1161007 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 583-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donald L. Donham

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Cultural Anthropology ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

Central Place ◽

Central Place Theory ◽

Place Theory ◽

Agrarian Societies ◽

Simple Technology ◽

Scale Transformations

AbstractThere have been two major approaches to spatial analysis in social and cultural anthropology. The first insists that distance is culturally categorised, that a person 's experience of space is relative to particular ways of dividing and conceptualising spatial relations. The second approach, most often associated with central-place theory, takes the opposite tack. Distance, in this view, has certain universal predicates; for example, the inherent difficulty of transporting goods with a simple technology means that markets in agrarian societies have a limited set of recurrent features—no matter how space is locally encoded. These two modes of analysis are often taken as mutually exclusive ways of proceeding. In this article it is suggested that neither can be neglected if large-scale transformations like social revolutions are to be understood in their complexity. In the course of developing a pioneering study of the role of peasants in revolutions Eric Wolf offered the beginnings of a general theory. After summarising some of his hypotheses, the author confronts them with data from the Ethiopian revolution as it unfolded during 1975 in an area called Maale.

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