Creating A Growth Pole: The Industrialization of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 1897-1987

1991 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall C. Eakin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Growth Pole ◽  
Political Center ◽  
Belo Horizonte

On a warm December day in 1897 the political leadership of Minas Gerais converged on the small hamlet of Belo Horizonte to inaugurate a new capital for Brazil's most populous state. Foreshadowing the construction of Brasília six decades later, politicians and planners had transformed a rustic village of some 8,000 inhabitants into an enormous construction project. As with Brasília, those who promoted the move saw the new capital as a symbol and a catalyst. This planned city would symbolize the modernizing forces that were transforming Brazil and Minas Gerais at the turn of the century. More important, the rationally designed political center would also serve as a catalyst in the economic growth and integration of the state. In short, a modern, planned city would provide Minas Gerais with the dynamic economic and political capital that it so badly needed.

Indian Muslim(s) After Liberalization

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Economic Changes

Close to the turn of the century and almost 45 years after Independence, India opened its doors to free-market liberalization. Although meant as the promise to a better economic tomorrow, three decades later, many feel betrayed by the economic changes ushered in by this new financial era. Here is a book that probes whether India’s economic reforms have aided the development of Indian Muslims who have historically been denied the fruits of economic development. Maidul Islam points out that in current political discourse, the ‘Muslim question’ in India is not articulated in terms of demands for equity. Instead, the political leadership camouflages real issues of backwardness, prejudice, and social exclusion with the rhetoric of identity and security. Historically informed, empirically grounded, and with robust analytical rigour, the book tries to explore connections between multiple forms of Muslim marginalization, the socio-economic realities facing the community, and the formation of modern Muslim identity in the country. At a time when post-liberalization economic policies have created economic inequality and joblessness for significant sections of the population including Muslims, the book proposes working towards a radical democratic deepening in India.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE PHENOMENON OF POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN POST-SOVIET GEORGIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Nikoleishvili ◽  
Tamar Kiknadze
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Figure

The socio-political processes developed in Georgia in the 90s of the twentieth century led to the political transformation of the country. The political changes that began during this period led to the ideological and value transformation of elite structures, including procedural changes in the mechanisms of elite circulation. All this was reflected in the country's domestic and foreign policy.In Georgian reality, the main part of the society is focused on a specific political figure, however, the elite groups united around this leader differ from each other in their values and ideological orientation. At the same time, all post-Soviet political leaders followed different paths of accumulating social and political capital, which became an important component of developing their individual political charisma.The article discusses the features of 4 political leaders of post-Soviet Georgia (Z. Gamsakhurdia, E. Shevardnadze, M. Saakashvili, B. Ivanishvili) and the political processes related to them.

scholarly journals Processos socioespaciais de metrópoles de países de industrialização periférica: reflexões sobre a produção do espaço metropolitano de Belo Horizonte, Brasil

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Magela Costa ◽  
Felipe Nunes Coelho Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The Political ◽  
Production Of Space ◽  
Urban Political Economy ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Space Production

Resumo: Procura-se neste texto refletir sobre processos de produção do espaço metropolitanoem formações sociais periféricas, tendo como referência a expansão recente da metrópolede Belo Horizonte (BH), localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, no Brasil, propondo um resgate de conceitos da chamada economia política da urbanização, atualizando as discussões acerca das condições gerais de produção (CGP). Sintetizam-se, inicialmente, os processos econômicos e socioespaciais responsáveis pela formação da metrópole de BH, identificando-se aquelesmais recentes e associados ao chamado Eixo Norte de expansão metropolitana, caracterizadospor grandes empreendimentos estatais. Em seguida faz-se uma breve revisão do suporte teórico selecionado para a análise urbana/metropolitana, procurando-se transcender os conceitos da economia política da urbanização, utilizando-se para isto a contribuição de Henri Lefebvre sobre a produção do espaço. A atualização deste suporte teórico – especialmente do conceitode CGP – no contexto atual é realizada na terceira seção. Por fim, procura-se sintetizar as reflexões teóricas, indicando a necessidade de se considerar tanto os pressupostos da economia política da urbanização quanto a sua transcendência para o entendimento de processos recentesde urbanização e metropolização no Brasil e em outros países periféricos.Palavras-chave: América Latina; Belo Horizonte; economia políticada urbanização; empreendedorismo urbano; espaço metropolitano; produção do espaço. Abstract: The article addresses the contemporary production of metropolitanspace in peripheral social formations. Having the recent metropolitan expansion of BeloHorizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil, as a basic reference, some concepts ofthe so-called political economy of urbanization are revisited, shedding new light onto the discussions concerning the “general conditions of production” (GCP). At first, the economicand socio-spatial processes behind the formation of the metropolis of BH are summarized,highlighting those which are more recent and related to the so-called Northern Axis ofmetropolitan expansion, which is driven by public investments. Afterwards, the article bringsa brief revision of the theoretical framework selected for the urban/metropolitan analysis, usingHenri Lefebvre’s contributions on the production of space in order to transcend the conceptsof the political economy of urbanization. The third section aims to contribute to an update ofthis theoretical framework – especially regarding the idea of the GCP – to the current context. Finally, these theoretical considerations are condensed, indicating the need to consider both thebasic assumptions of the political economy of urbanization and its transcendence for a properunderstanding of recent urbanization and metropolitanization processes in Brazil.Keywords: Belo Horizonte; Latin America; metropolitan space; space production;urban entrepreneurism; urban political economy.

The Fragmentation of the Palestinian Political Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-216
Author(s):  
Jamil Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
National Representation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Palestinian National Movement ◽  
The Relationship

The mid-1960s saw the beginnings of the construction of a Palestinian political field after it collapsed in 1948, when, with the British government’s support of the Zionist movement, which succeeded in establishing the state of Israel, the Palestinian national movement was crushed. This article focuses mainly on the Palestinian political field as it developed in the 1960s and 1970s, the beginnings of its fragmentation in the 1990s, and its almost complete collapse in the first decade of this century. It was developed on a structure characterized by the dominance of a center where the political leadership functioned. The center, however, was established outside historic Palestine. This paper examines the components and dynamics of the relationship between the center and the peripheries, and the causes of the decline of this center and its eventual disappearance, leaving the constituents of the Palestinian people under local political leadership following the collapse of the national representation institutions, that is, the political, organizational, military, cultural institutions and sectorial organizations (women, workers, students, etc.) that made up the PLO and its frameworks. The paper suggests that the decline of the political field as a national field does not mean the disintegration of the cultural field. There are, in fact, indications that the cultural field has a new vitality that deserves much more attention than it is currently assigned.

Kyrgyzstan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Marat
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
State Actors

This chapter, on Kyrgyzstan, demonstrates how diverse and dynamic civil society mobilized in support of police overhaul following the state’s use of lethal force against civilian demonstrators in central Bishkek in 2010. The political leadership pledged to overhaul the police to avoid a repetition of bloodshed. Engaging with a range of NGOs, civic activists, and MPs, the Interior Ministry has addressed reform in a chaotic and unpredictable manner. Civil society actors representing NGOs bickered among themselves, while their demands to depoliticize the Interior Ministry differed altogether from those of the ministry. Nevertheless, the concept paper that emerged following numerous forums was driven by a consensus between a range of nonstate and state actors.

Leadership Capital

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jentges
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Analytical Potential ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Core Concepts

The Leadership Capital Index utilizes the conceptual terminology of Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory. This chapter presents the groundwork for the LCI as it clarifies Bourdieu’s key concepts and traces the evolution from political capital to leadership capital. With an overview of Bourdieu’s three core concepts of economic, cultural, and social capital, plus the more elusive symbolic capital, the chapter assists with an appreciation of the analytical potential of the concept of political capital. The notion of leadership capital integrates many (but not all) aspects of Bourdieu’s field-specific notion of political capital and the LCI succeeds in translating his complex conceptualization into a manageable set of ten indicators. The chapter explains how together Bourdieu’s political sociology and the approach suggested through the LCI create numerous synergies and are promising and useful endeavors in the analysis of political leadership.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Leadership Teams ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Rational Method ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unexpected Findings ◽  
Selection Of

The Conclusion points out that the preceding seven chapters’ examples and case studies have revealed some expected, and some unexpected conclusions. The six main cases revealed some expected uniformity in the leaders’ selection of rational methods. There was less uniformity, however, in the choice of the methods they emphasized, whether due to their personal preferences or to the circumstances they were facing. Two unexpected findings were the addition of a seventh appropriate rational method—learning—and the prevalence of dual-leadership teams. The conclusion goes on to suggest that this book’s theory and approach should be applied to versions of military leadership and to the political leadership of contemporary democracies.

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