scholarly journals Spatial-demographic misbalances as a challenge to the population policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 663-672
Author(s):  
Gordana Vojkovic ◽  
Zora Zivanovic ◽  
Ivana Magdalenic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Social Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Network Consistency ◽  
Good Research

The significance of the regional disproportions at the territory of Serbia, when it comes to demographic resources, imposes in front of the social community a task for public policy measures to be more efficient and more precisely addressed towards the local communities where the limit of their possible acting has not been perturbated yet. Thus, defining of coherent public policies requires good research of the demographic processes and problems on all levels and defining developmental solutions in accordance with them. Dimensioning of demographic potentials is one of the challenges and priorities of spatial planning as well, as a controlling instrument that has been gaining significance in modern conditions. Foreign experience in this field, i.e. the system of spatial planning in European countries, with the special attention paid to the ways of solving problems connected to demographic processes and appearances, is undoubtedly instructive for the domestic practice and the establishment of public policies on state and lower regional levels. Given the fact that the inequality in development is caused, above all, by the expressive metroplization and polarization of the Serbian territory, in modern conditions it is considered that the application of the polycentric development model could help avoiding further excessive economic and demographic concentration. It includes economic competitiveness and social equality (sustainable development) as pre-requisites for the diminishing of local disparities to the acceptable minimum. In that sense, it is considered that a group of middle sized towns represents a pivot in establishing homogeneous national urban system which would lead to the increase in the degree of settlement network consistency. It is necessary that the endeavour to decentralize Serbia be elaborated with concrete measures and instruments that would route further state development, meaning affirmation of the middle sized towns.

EFFICIENCY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE STATE SOCIAL SECTOR IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
I. V. GERSONSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Services ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article highlights the issues of the effectiveness of the functioning of the state social sector in Russia. The dynamics of the number of organizations in the social sector by type of activity and the formation of public expenditures for the implementation of social policy measures are shown. A comparative analysis of public expenditures in Russia and other countries is conducted. The issues related to the reduction of the social sector, the main problems in the field of education, health and state social services are considered. Negative phenomena in the demographic processes of Russia are revealed. Some recommendations for increasing efficiency in the social sector are proposed.

Population Policies in Turkey and Demographic Changes on a Social Map

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Murat Yucesahin ◽  
Tuğba Adalı ◽  
A Sinan Türkyılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Demographic Transitions ◽  
Population Policies ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The Social ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Low Levels

Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies. 

Cases of social innovations implemented in the public health sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1600-1621
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Innovations ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Year

Subject. The article discusses medical and demographic processes in Russia and Finland. Objectives. I evaluate cases of social innovations implemented for the preservation and strengthening of public health in Finland under the auspices of The Global Burden of Disease Study. Methods. Methodologically, the study relies upon the ideology of the GDB Project, which rests on the DALY (the Disability Adjusted Life Year). Results. I analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates, DALY in Russia and Finland, determined what mainly triggers the risk (environmental, behavioral, metabolic) fueling some public health degradation. The article provides the insight into the efficiency of some social innovations implemented in Finland and suggests what should be done to outline medical and demographic programs in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. The medical and demographic situation in Russia requires new tools to find innovative solutions for the social policy and, inter alia, the use of the GBD technique, which proved to be effective. Referring to evidence from Finland, demographic challenges in Russian can be handled through a systems approach, i.e. socio-economic actions, improvement of the healthcare and social security, wellness propaganda.

scholarly journals Health needs: a temporary analysis of the social representations of the concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Winckler ◽  
F Zioni ◽  
G Johson
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brazilian Health System ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the social representations of health needs in a Brazilian municipality, questioning the capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. Methods Qualitative case study in which the data were analysed by: 1) the Health Needs Taxonomy (Matsumoto, 1999), as an instrument for assessing health needs, formatting the interview guide and organizing the empirical data; 2) the Theory of Social Representations (Jovchelovitch, 2000), to capture health needs; 3) Content Analysis (Bardin, 2004), as an instrument of analysis and comparison of perceived needs. The methodological path used was the same in the two moments in which this research is based (2009 and 2016). The entire municipal territory was analyzed and 26 representatives of civil society organizations were interviewed. Results Based on the results given, we state that health is a permanent and timeless need, but the mediations for its satisfaction have changed historically. The interface between quantitative indicators and subjectivity in assessing needs reveals the authoritarian architecture of its decision-making process, which has ruined the necessary democracy for prioritising and meeting those needs. The asymmetrical relationships present in the Brazilian society have both undermined the collective character of health needs and promoted the distance between who care and who are cared for. Most of the priorities listed by the interviewees in 2009 remain composing the social context of the municipality in 2016. Conclusions The challenges for comprehensive health care remain critical given both the decrease in popular political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health. Interdisciplinary and participatory diagnostics remain essential to understand the complexity of social changes and the challenges for the consolidation of meeting health needs. Key messages The capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. The challenges for meeting health needs remain critical given both the decrease in political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health.

scholarly journals Realizing the Social Dimension of EU Coastal Water Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2261
Author(s):  
David Langlet ◽  
Aron Westholm
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Current System ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Eu

In the last 20 years, the EU has adopted some rather ambitious pieces of legislation with the aim to achieve a good environmental status in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Both the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) have a strong focus on the natural environment and biological criteria for assessing the status of the relevant ecosystems. In the same time period, much research on environmental governance has focused on the interconnectedness of social systems and ecosystems, so-called social-ecological systems (SES). While having high aspirations, the legal frameworks underpinning current EU water and marine management do not necessarily reflect the advances of contemporary science relating to SES. Using the geographical intersection of the two directives, i.e., coastal waters as a focal point, the paper explores the inchoate integration of social and ecological perspectives in the EU marine governance. What are the main challenges for the current EU legal regimes for managing coastal waters in a way that builds on the understanding of social and ecological systems as interconnected? Having explored the two directives, the paper introduces the possibility of using marine spatial planning (MSP), and the EU directive establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSPD) as a bridge between the social and ecological dimensions and discusses what implications this would have for the current system for governing coastal waters in Europe.

scholarly journals Racism, Interculturality, and Public Policies: An Analysis of the Literature on Migration and the School System in Chile, Argentina, and Spain

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824402098852
Author(s):  
David Martínez Rojas ◽  
Wilson Muñoz Henríquez ◽  
Carlos Mondaca Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Services ◽  
School System ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Intercultural Education ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Response ◽  
Proper Response

In the last decades, Chile has become a receiving society of migrants, and this has overtaxed the social services in this country, among them the school system. According to the literature, the issue is that migration has not been addressed with a proper response from public policies. This article aims to examine recommendations for the development of these policies. To undertake this task, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature on this issue in Chile, Argentina, and Spain (1990–2018). The three cases show the presence of discrimination and racism, with a common response taking the form of intercultural education. In terms of differences, only in Spain there is a consolidated body of research and public policies that focus on migration. That said, although the policies are more robust in Spain, several studies critically assess them. Hence, this country is a good example to know what to do and what to avoid. That information is exactly what is needed in countries like Chile where migration has become pressing issue that demands a proper response.

“Thinking the Unthinkable”: The Prospect of Compulsory Sterilization in India

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Minkler
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Policy Statement ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Social ◽  
Compulsory Sterilization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

The National Population Policy Statement adopted by the Government of India in April 1976 gave states the mandate to adopt coercive and compulsory sterilization measures toward the end of bringing under control the nation's massive population growth. Many states have since adopted stringent measures which penalize couples having three or more children, and four states additionally have proposed legislation for compulsory sterilization. While the demographic impact of compulsory sterilization after the third child is undisputed, the administrative feasibility of such an undertaking has been widely questioned, particularly in light of the inadequacy of India's medical infrastructure in the rural areas. Critics further have raised questions concerning the social and ethical implications of compulsory sterilization and of measures which penalize the poor through means which may have adverse effects on their health and welfare. Finally, opponents of the new sterilization measures have suggested that they divert attention from the need for more basic changes in the nation's economic and social structure. While the need for bringing down India's continued high birth rate is widely recognized, alternative population measures—e.g. increased abortion facilities and an enforcement of the raised age at marriage-have been advocated in lieu of the compulsory sterilization measures currently being proposed.

Multiscale accessibility and urban performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 239980832110246
Author(s):  
Nir Kaplan ◽  
David Burg ◽  
Itzhak Omer
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Urban Scaling ◽  
National Road ◽  
National Systems ◽  
Specific Scale

Accessibility is fundamentally thought to be related to functional, economic, and social performances of cities and geographical systems and, therefore, constitutes an essential aspect for spatial planning. Previous studies focused on cities or metropolitan scales, often disregarding their position within regional and national systems, which can greatly affect their performance. Although accessibility at various spatial scales has been examined, the studies focused on accessibility patterns at different scales, with no reference to the level of accessibility of cities over local, regional, and national scales simultaneously, i.e. multiscale accessibility. This study aims to elucidate the multiscale accessibility level of individual cities and examine its relationship to urban performance in the urban system of Israel. Spatial accessibility was analyzed using the space syntax methodology for the entire national road network across multiple geographic scales—from the local to the national scale. Based on three distinct spatial accessibility systems identified, a unique multiscale accessibility profile was created for individual cities in Israel. Subsequently, each city’s multiscale accessibility profiles were examined against urban performance indicators determined from urban scaling theory. We found that the superiority of cities characterized by high accessibility level plays a role not only for a specific scale but also over scales and spatial systems. Moreover, most urban performance indicators related to the multiscale accessibility profiles of cities, while some multiscale accessibility profiles can be related to over- or under-performance of cities. The findings suggest that pervasive accessibility across spatial scales is inherently connected to urban performance and may indicate on the implementation and interpretation of accessibility. These findings may assist in various aspects of spatial planning at various scales.

POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF A HEALTHY INDONESIA PROGRAM WITH A FAMILY APPROACH IN BANDUNG DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Uri Zaenuri ◽  
Ria Arifianti ◽  
Ratna Meisya Dai
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Center ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Implementation Model ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Healthy Family ◽  
Policy Measures

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach which is indispensable as a determinant of the success of the Bandung Regency Government's performance in the health sector. The Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach is a priority program of the Ministry of Health which is implemented by the Center for Community Health. The implementation of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach in Bandung Regency was only carried out in 2017 with program socialization activities at the Health Office and Community Health Center levels. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the approach of Donald van Meter and Carl van Horn's policy implementation model. The findings from the implementation of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach in Bandung Regency have been implemented but have not yet reached the target of total coverage. The Bandung Regency Healthy Family Index is included in the unhealthy assessment (<0.8). So that the success of implementation will be achieved when making improvements from deficiencies, both in terms of standards and policy targets or policy measures and objectives, resources, characteristics of the implementing organization, attitudes of the implementers, communication between organizations and implementing activities, and the social, economic and political environment. Suggestions from this study are to improve the empowerment of family roles and community potential with training methods for community cadres, continue the enumerator recruitment program to assist with home visits and data collection and data input, advocate for budget allocations sourced from regional revenue and expenditure budgets.

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