scholarly journals Literature, religion and the birth of a nation: The creation of the “literary Bosnianhood”

2017 ◽  
pp. 665-680
Author(s):  
Jovana Saljic
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
The Awakening ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The question of national identity and nationality of the group of people inhabited in a particular geographical area, despite numerous theories which over the last nearly two and a half centuries have been giving the variety of answers, most frequently is related to a common ethnical background, culture, history, tradition, and as it was considered for a longer period of time, a common language. Although it is not uncommon for members of one ethnic group to profess the same religion in the vast majority, the religion, at least according to the theories of the nation, has never been an essential definition of the national identity. It should not be surprising if we take into account the circumstances that led to the awakening of nations and national movements in the 19th century of the European Enlightenment period, when the other form of togetherness started to replace a religion dominant for centuries. Thus, in forming national consciousness, religion found itself in the last place. On the other hand, if nationality formed by a religion was unacceptable for the theories of the nation, forming a national literature by the religious affiliation would have been unthinkable. By the simple analogy, the first was excluding the other which means that if it was not possible for the religion to form a nation, it was also not possible to form a national literature. At least, it was common opinion. However, right in the European region where those theories had been developed, we can also find the first case to refute them. And we can do that with the so-called Bosnian- Muslim literature that have made its first steps during the second half of the 19th century as ? mean in the creation of the new Bosnian nation. It was not the religious literature with religious themes and motifs, but the literature of the religion, of the members of a religion in an effort to create their own national identity based on a religious one. In that sense, there were three most important literary events that made the foundations for the creating the so called ?literary Bosnianhood? in the last decades of the 19th century: a collection of proverbs and lessons called ?National Treasure? by Mehmed-beg Kapetanovic Ljubusak, a collection of epic poems called ?Folk Songs of the Mohammedans in Bosnia and Herzegovina? by Kosta H?rmann and the launch of the literary magazine called ?Bosniak?. The paper presents historical, political and social circumstances that had led to those literary events, the birth of the new type of literature as well as the new Bosnian nation and national identity.

The role of the Qachaq movement in the development of national consciousness in Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Rafail Ayvaz Ahmadli ◽  
◽  
Lala Yashar Ahmadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Character ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The North ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the role of the "gachag movement (a form of rebel movement of fugitives)" in the formation of national self-consciousness in the north of Azerbaijan, the reasons for its occurrence, an appreciation of their struggle against the russian imperial regime and against the dishonesty of local oppressors by this regime, explores the causes of popular love, praise, protection and the creation of heroic epics about them. The article reveals the special activities of such famous fugitives who gained respect among ordinary people for their courage in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries, us Gachag Nyabi from Gubadli (in the former Zangezur district), Dely Alu and Gambar from Ganja, Suleiman, Murtuza and Mamed-Bek Cavalier from Karabakh, Yusif from Zagatala, Karim Efendi oglu Gutgashenli from Nukha, Gachag Karim from Gazakh and the woman Gachag Gulsum from Shamkir popularly known as “Gachag Suleiman”. The article emphasizes not only the national character of the "gachag movement" in Azerbaijan, but also their contribution to the formation of national self-consciousness to a greater extent than the role of thinkers of that time. Key words: North Azerbaijan, national identity, the Russian imperial regime, the "gachag movement", the occupation of Russian imperia, the 19th century, the struggle, local beks (nobles), gentlemen (little nobles)

scholarly journals KONAK IN GORNJA CRNUCA: THE COURT OF PRINCE MILOS OBRENOVIC

2018 ◽  
pp. 025
Author(s):  
Tijana Borić
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Structural Simplicity

The process of founding and shaping a capital proved to be one of the key issues within the representative culture in any era. This was of particular importance when it came to the 19th century societies in the Balkans due to the emergence of national consciousness and the creation of nation-states on what had been Ottoman territory for quite a long time. Despite the lack of independence and extreme political circumstances, the Serbian community was aware of contemporary European phenomena in creating and disseminating the ruler’s image as an important part of enhancing the sense of national identity. The heart of Serbia under the reign of Milos Obrenovic was a princely court in Gornja Crnuca that, in spite of its structural simplicity, was an unmistakable expression of the highest state authorities.

scholarly journals Non-Russian Slavs in the programme work “Byzantinism & Slavdom” by Konstantin Leontiev

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Elena Arkadievna Osipova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Critical Attitude ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the programme work “Byzantinism & Slavdom” (1831–1891) by Konstantin Leontiev in the context of his other works that touch on the topic of non-Russian Slavs and Slavic unity. The thinker's view of the Slavic world is reflected in the context of the variety of problems and issues united by the Slavic theme. The author of the article concludes that what played a key role in Konstantin Leontiev's perception of the Slavs was the extent of his commitment to “Byzantinism” as an important preservatory capable of preventing Russia and other Orthodox Slavs from losing their own spiritual and national identity. Much attention was paid to the Bulgarians in connection with the Byzantine-Bulgarian church strife by Konstantin Leontiev, who unwittingly projected his critical attitude towards them onto other southern Slavs just as well, if not on the Slavs as a whole; that was characteristic of him. Therefore, the philosopher's general conclusions about Slavic unity were rather pessimistic; however his individual statements and observations about certain phenomena in Slavic life, notably the Serbian ones, were quite accurate, though they did not affect his conception of Russia's relationship to the other Slavs. The general sense of this conception was the need to maintain a “skillful affection at a respectful distance”. The evolution of the perception of the Slavic unity theme by Russian thinkers, writers and publicists in the 19th century is briefly traced in the article.

Savādības pievilcība: diskusija par Viktoru Igo Latvijas kultūrvidē 19.–20. gadsimta mijā

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Anita Rožkalne
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Public Space ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
New Information ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
Insight Into

In the early stages of the development of the Latvian national literature, periodicals used to publish information, reflections, and overviews on foreign culture and literature parallel to (or sometimes even before) the appearance of the corresponding translations in the Latvian cultural space. The material selected for publication determined whether the rendition of the facts was factual or imaginative, saturated with details familiar to the reader, or introduced new information. Furthermore, periodicals quite often reprinted information on situations and characters found in foreign press that seemed curious or odd to their Latvian readership. The popularity of these publications, like that of light fiction, stemmed from the widespread interest in exotic narratives. Narratives about the literary works of foreign authors held a very distinctive position among this idiosyncratic material. A prime example is the overview of Victor Hugo’s writings and biography in the Latvian periodicals at the end of the 19th century, predating the translations of his works in Latvian. The discussion which took place in the public space offers an insight into the contradictory reception process of foreign literature, revealing that the formation of Latvian national identity and literature was influenced both by the openness to otherness and a variety of hermeticism or distancing from otherness.

CAPRICCIOʼS GENRE IN MANDOLIN MUSIC AT THE END OF THE 19th – THE EARLY OF THE 20th CENTURIES (for example of the concert pieces by С. Munier)

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
N. V. Bashmakova ◽  
K. V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Concert Works ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The purpose of this article is process of analyzing in reference to concert capriccio by C. Munier for mandolin with piano («Bizzarria», op. 201, Spanish сapriccio, op. 276) from the point of view of their genre specificity. Methodology. The research is based on the historical approach, which determines the specifics of the genre of Capriccio in the music of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and in the work of C. Munier; the computational and analytical methods used to identify the peculiarities of the formulation and the performing interpretation of the original concert pianos for mandolins with piano that, according to the genre orientation (according to the composerʼs remarks), are defined as capriccio. Scientific novelty. The creation of Florentine composer,61mandolinist-vertuoso and pedagog C. Munier, which made about 300 compositions, is exponential for represented scientific vector. Concert works by C. Munier for mandolin and piano, created in the capriccio genre, were not yet considered in the art of the outdoors, as the creativity and composer’s style of the famous mandolinist. Conclusions. Thus, appealing to capriccio by С. Munier, which created only two works, embodied in them virtually all the evolutionary stages of the development of genre. In his opus of this genre there are a vocal, inherent in capriccio of the 17th century solo presentation, virtuosity, originality, which were embodied in the works of 17th – 18th centuries and the national color of the 19th century is clearly expressed. Thus, the Spanish capriccio is a kind of «musical encyclopedia» of national dance, which features are characteristic features of bolero, tarantella, habanera, and so forth. The originality of opus number 201 – «Bizzarria», is embodied in the parameters of shaping (expanded cadence of the soloist in the beginning) and emphasized virtuosity, which is realized in a wide register range, a variety of technical elements.

On the nature of chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Scerri
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent History ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Fundamental Unity ◽  
The 19Th Century

<span>The very nature of chemistry presents us with a tension. A tension between the exhilaration of diversity of substances and forms on the one hand and the safety of fundamental unity on the other. Even just the recent history of chemistry has been al1 about this tension, from the debates about Prout's hypothesis as to whether there is a primary matter in the 19th century to the more recent speculations as to whether computers will enable us to virtually dispense with experimental chemistry.</span>

La Nueva gramática de la lengua castellana de martínez de noboa

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 115-138
Author(s):  
Marina Maquieira
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Grammatical Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Grammar

Summary This paper examines a treatise on Spanish grammar, i.e., a particular grammar which follows the tradition of French philosophical grammar. Bachiller D. Antonio Martínez de Noboa’s work, published in 1839, appears in a century when the Spanish grammatical tradition is at its best. Texts like Vicente Salvá’s (1786–1849) and of course Andrés Bello’s (1781–1865) have in recent years attracted the attention of researchers. However, Martínez de Noboa’s work is much less known, although Gómez Asencio (1981, 1985) did highlight its importance in his two indispensable studies of the period between 1771 and 1847. The Nueva Gramática de la lengua Castellana is indebted to the framework set by José Gómez de Hermosilla (1835) and Jacobo Saqueniza (1828), although it does include some original observations. This paper examines the structure of the work in question and aims to show how it is in global terms a unified text combining different aspects, of which the most striking is without doubt the syntactic one. With this aim in mind certain specific examples of the analogy pertaining to syntax have been studied. First those he himself highlighted, e.g., the article/pronoun and verb and then those comments on syntax which are logically pertinent, e.g., conjunctions. Noboa himself was cited as was Saqueniza as having been responsible for the introduction of distinction between coordinate and subordinate conjunctions in Spanish grammar, along with the distinction between simple and complex clauses. On the purely syntactic level, it was also Noboa who refined the whole notion of verbal government. Finally, there is a brief summary of the section dedicated to pronunciation and spelling which are also considered by the author to be in some way related to the other parts of the grammar. In sum, what makes this work particularly interesting is undoubtedly the emphasis on syntax as more studies had been carried out on morphology than in any other area up until the 19th century and continued after Noboa to monopolise questions concerning grammar throughout this century.

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Popular Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
The Press ◽  
Character Study ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plot Design

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction charts the rise of the short story from its original appearance in magazines and newspapers. For much of the 19th century, tales were written for the press, and the form’s history is marked by engagement with popular fiction. The short story then earned a reputation for its skilful use of plot design and character study distinct from the novel. This VSI considers the continuity and variation in key structures and techniques such as the beginning, the creation of voice, the ironic turn or plot twist, and how writers manage endings. Throughout, it draws on examples from an international and flourishing corpus of work.

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