scholarly journals Responding to population policy - which women can provide the greatest demographic benefit in Serbia?

2014 ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Petar Vasic ◽  
Vera Gligorijevic ◽  
Mirjana Devedzic
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Strong Response ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Fertile Women

Population policy measures address all fertile women in Serbia, and the aim is to mobilize the largest number of women to give birth. Although strong response is desirable, not all women react, or at least not to the same extent, to the population policy measures which are financially based in Serbia. In this paper our intention was to identify which categories of fertile women could give greatest demographic benefit in the near future considering current population policy measures. We assumed that age and socioeconomic characteristics are the most relevant for the different response of women. Considering past structural changes of women population, and population projection results, we tried to define which categories of fertile women can give the greatest demographic benefit to the increase of birth level until 2041.

Ist die Tarifautonomie noch zeitgemäß?

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Franz ◽  
Wernhard Möschel ◽  
Karl-Heinz Paqué
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Partners ◽  
German System ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe economic policy forum discusses the question of whether the German system of autonomous wage bargaining is still up-to-date. Wolfgang Franz considers two aspects. First, he examines to what extend the existing unemployment rate can be reduced by wage policy. Due to certain forms of unemployment, this can be done only partly by lower real wages. In addition, he shows that it can be rational for employees as well as for employers to agree on wages which are higher than the equilibrium wage. In the second part, he considers the question of whether centralised or decentralised negotiations over wages are more likely to solve the problem of unemployment. Arguments in favour of both options can be found. The paper concludes with some suggestions to make collective agreements more flexible.Wernhard Möschel compares the German system of autonomous wage bargaining with a cartel agreement which results in prices higher than the equilibrium price. Moreover, the globalisation of markets and new orientations in the international division of labour require more flexible solutions. However, the autonomous wage bargaining is a constitutional right which is rather unlikely to be changed. An agreement by the social partners on common measures such as setting minimum wages lower than the equilibrium wage is also not very likely. The paper thus suggests that employers may undertake unilateral actions such as restructuring their associations. This should be accompanied by specific government measures.Karl-Heinz Paqué argues that countries with a system of autonomous wage bargaining are characterised by persisting unemployment. This characteristic is the result of both structural changes of the economy and its consequences for the market value of labour. Two mechanisms exist in order to adopt to the different market conditions: a flexibilisation of the agreed wage rate structure or a general restraint in wage bargaining. However, both mechanisms have failed so far due to the lack of willingness by the social partners. Competition by outsiders on the labour market and a political “alliance for employment” could increase employment while keeping the system of autonomous wage bargaining. The paper concludes with stating that in the near future unemployment will be unavoidable.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics - the state of the art in drug prescription

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ferreira ◽  
CA Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Drug Efficiency ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Introduction The different response to various drugs by individuals has been increasingly debated, since it has been concluded that there are large differences in response and increasing occurrence of adverse reactions. This set of issues led to more and more research on the implementation of genetic testing in the very near future, leading to benefits for the patient. The purpose of pharmacogenetics is to analyse each individual’s genetic variability in response to therapy, increasing efficiency and safety. On the other hand, pharmacogenomics studies how the expression of a set of genes interferes in individual’s responses to drugs, taking into account pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. This concept also seeks to reduce adverse reactions and toxicity, maximizing drug efficiency. Objectives The present work aims at gathering information on the proposed theme, making the survey of drugs available on the market elucidating how it allows the adjustment of the dose to be administered to the patient according to their genetic profile. Methodology Databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar were consulted and data were collected from 2015 until 2019. Paper was selected first by abstract and after by full text reading of the article. Results On this review we will list the drugs associated with each biomarker and the respective therapeutic area to which they belong, compiled by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This list includes the main therapeutic area: oncology, haematology, anaesthesiology and psychology. Biomarkers allow us to identify phenotype-associated variations in drug response, making it possible to understand whether drugs will have a beneficial effect, no effect or if there is a risk of toxicity. Conclusion This question requires a risk-benefit assessment, since it involves social, ethical and economic problems.

Evidence from Chinese Medical Journals on Current Population Policy

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Good Thing ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Decision ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Short Statement ◽  
Magazine Articles

China's bitter population dilemma is clearly summarized in just one short statement from the People's Daily: “We insist on family planning, but generally speaking we think it is a good thing to have a large population.” For the past two decades China's population policy has been shrouded in secrecy, has been expressed only through Communist polemic and has suffered from apparent indecision and consequent vacillations. Official thinking on this subject is almost never expressed in direct statements and proclamations. It must be gleaned from casual remarks by Chinese leaders, from newspaper and magazine articles and official radio broadcasts, which usually discuss implementation but omit reference to the initial decision, and from visitors to China who describe the visible signs that suggest a particular policy is currently in effect.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Industrial Sickness with Reference to the FCIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Durgaprasad Navulla ◽  
G. Sunitha ◽  
Jhansi Rani Boda
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Cut Problems ◽  
Near Future ◽  
A Company ◽  
Poor Management

Objective - The growth and magnitude of industrial sickness is a dangerous issue, not only for the present situation but also for the near future. There are many reasons that could have caused a company to become sick and the reasons could be internal or external or a combination of both. In that regard, this paper aims to analyse the presence of industrial sickness by reviewing the revival policy measures of the Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCIL), particularly the Ramagundam unit. Methodology/Technique - Data for this paper are extracted from sources such as the Indian Economy reports, the Department of Fertilizers Government of India reports and personal interviews with the employees of the Fertilizers Corporation of India Limited, Ramagundam unit. Findings - The results showed that the FCIL unit became sick mainly because of poor management decisions, feeble human resource management, use of outdated technology, power-cut problems, non-availability of raw materials and wrong government policies. Novelty - This paper highlights why the FCIL has been declared as a sick company and what sort of government policies and preventive actions should be taken for revival or to rehabilitate the company. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Sickness; Revival Measures; Industrial Development; Fertilizers.

scholarly journals FUTURE ESTIMATION OF CONVENIENCE LIVING FACILITIES WITHDRAWAL DUE TO POPULATION DECLINE ALL OVER JAPAN FROM 2010 TO 2040 - FOCUS ON SUPERMARKETS, CONVENIENCE STORES AND DRUGSTORES

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 223-226
Author(s):  
Yuka Nishimoto ◽  
Yuki Akiyama ◽  
Ryosuke Shibasaki
Keyword(s):  
Population Decline ◽  
Population Projection ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Telephone Directory ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Point Data ◽  
Fresh Foods ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Future Population

Population explosion is considered to be one of the most crucial problems in the world. However, in Japan, the opposite problem: population decline has become serious now. Japanese population is estimated to decrease by twenty millions in 2040. This negative situation will cause to increase areas where many residents cannot make a daily living all over Japan because many convenience living facilities such as supermarkets, convenience stores and drugstores will be difficult to maintain their market area population due to future population decline. <br><br> In our research, we used point data of convenience living facilities developed by address geocoding of digital telephone directory and point data of future population projection developed by distribution of Japanese official population projection data proportionally among the building volume of digital residential map, which can monitor building volumes all over Japan. <br><br> In conclusion, we estimated that various convenience living facilities in Japan will shrink and close by population decline in near future. In particular, it is cleared that approximately 14.7% of supermarkets will be possible to withdraw all over Japan by 2040. In addition, it is cleared that over 40% of supermarkets in some countryside prefectures will be possible to withdraw by 2040. Thus, we estimated future distributions of convenience living facilities that cannot maintain their market area population due to future population decline. Moreover, we estimated the number of people that they will become inconvenience in buying fresh foods.

scholarly journals Results of the Post-Soviet Transformation of Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Elena Vodopianova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Thirtieth Anniversary ◽  
Organizational Orientation ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Near Future

The article uses the socio-cultural methodology and comparative studies to examine the results of the transformation of national higher school systems in the former USSR on the eve of the post-Soviet thirtieth anniversary. It is established that over the past decades of the post–Soviet transformation, the higher school of 15 States of the former USSR has gone through two main stages: the first was primarily a stage of structural changes, and the second was integration into the European higher education space. A classification of the realities of organizational orientation of higher education systems is proposed, dividing them into westernized (the Baltic countries, Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan), systems with specific educational balances (Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia), and outsider countries (Turkmenistan, Tajikistan). It is shown that during this period unique cases of transformation of national higher schools emerged. They evolved from divergence in the direction of convergence through E-education and global unification. The purpose of the study was to show that in the near future post-Soviet structures of higher education will have to respond primarily to universal post-industrial challenges based on the identification of stages of higher education evolution.

scholarly journals Spatial-demographic misbalances as a challenge to the population policy

2018 ◽  
pp. 663-672
Author(s):  
Gordana Vojkovic ◽  
Zora Zivanovic ◽  
Ivana Magdalenic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Social Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Demographic Processes ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Network Consistency ◽  
Good Research

The significance of the regional disproportions at the territory of Serbia, when it comes to demographic resources, imposes in front of the social community a task for public policy measures to be more efficient and more precisely addressed towards the local communities where the limit of their possible acting has not been perturbated yet. Thus, defining of coherent public policies requires good research of the demographic processes and problems on all levels and defining developmental solutions in accordance with them. Dimensioning of demographic potentials is one of the challenges and priorities of spatial planning as well, as a controlling instrument that has been gaining significance in modern conditions. Foreign experience in this field, i.e. the system of spatial planning in European countries, with the special attention paid to the ways of solving problems connected to demographic processes and appearances, is undoubtedly instructive for the domestic practice and the establishment of public policies on state and lower regional levels. Given the fact that the inequality in development is caused, above all, by the expressive metroplization and polarization of the Serbian territory, in modern conditions it is considered that the application of the polycentric development model could help avoiding further excessive economic and demographic concentration. It includes economic competitiveness and social equality (sustainable development) as pre-requisites for the diminishing of local disparities to the acceptable minimum. In that sense, it is considered that a group of middle sized towns represents a pivot in establishing homogeneous national urban system which would lead to the increase in the degree of settlement network consistency. It is necessary that the endeavour to decentralize Serbia be elaborated with concrete measures and instruments that would route further state development, meaning affirmation of the middle sized towns.

Fight against old age

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
V. S.
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
Near Future

P. V. Bochkarev (Vest. Endocr., 1925. No. 3), examining this issue, finds that therapeutic measures based on intervention in the endocrine system of an aging organism can acquire in the near future a tremendous practical value in the fight against decrepitude; however, there is no reason to think that in this way it will be possible to influence those deep structural changes in tissues, which, in the author's opinion, constitute the essence of the aging process.

The Russian hospitality industry during a pandemic – crisis or breakthrough?

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
MAXIM GOLOVIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Constructive Development ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Industry Needs ◽  
Near Future

This article examines the most pressing problematic issues of stagnation in the hospitality industry in Russia, associated with the new challenges of the coronavirus pandemic, both at the international and national levels. The author analyzes new trends and structural changes in the industry and assesses the prospects for overcoming the difficult crisis. The article presents specific proposals aimed at the restoration and constructive development of the tourism industry both for the authorities and administration to amend the adopted Strategy for the development of tourism in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2035, and for business structures, as well as travel companies. According to the author, the hospitality industry can still face serious shocks in the near future and the industry will not come out of the crisis without experiencing repeated shocks and border closings. Nevertheless, tourism is known for its ability to withstand economic downturns and can play a key role in reviving both the global and Russian economies as they emerge from the crisis. To consolidate the trend and to strengthen the development of domestic tourism, the industry needs a coordinated position and strategies for the behavior of the main market players, such as business companies operating in the hospitality industry, as well as authorities and authorities at the federal and regional levels. This requires the development and implementation of a modern strategy, taking into account the need to overcome the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic

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