scholarly journals Controversies of demographic development in the Pcinja county

2010 ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Mirjana Devedzic
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
The One ◽  
Ethnic Distribution

Pcinja county is an administrative region bordering Bulgaria, Macedonia and Kosovo, and is featured by a number of demographic peculiarities and extremes. In Central Serbia, this county is certainly the region with the most heterogeneous ethnic distribution; this fact determines differences in fertility transition and the speed of demographic ageing. Almost 90% ethnic Albanians from Serbia inhabit the Pcinja county, and so do 40% of ethnic Bulgarians. In addition, this county is featured by strong intra- and inter-regional demographic differentiations, both spatial and structural. Reduction of polarization of demographic development in Serbia at macro and intermediate levels (excluding the Kosovo territory), as well as minor differences between urban and rural environments, have made the county rather specific. Thus this relatively small province includes the one with the highest fertility rate and with the youngest population in the entire Republic of Serbia, five levels of demographic age in only seven administrative entities, the municipalities with the highest and the lowest international migration, a concentration of municipalities with the highest masculinity, municipalities with extremely high illiteracy rates, municipalities without atheists, and so on. Common features of this demographically heterogeneous province are underdevelopment and poverty. They do not manifest in the same way all over the territory; they are rather modified by various cultural factors. .

scholarly journals Characteristics and problems of demographic development of Timocka Krajina in the second half of the 20th century

2010 ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Olica Radovanovic ◽  
Snezana Tosic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Demographic Characteristic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Natural Growth ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Fast Development

General demographic characteristic of Timocka Krajina (the Timok District) in the 20th century is the process of depopulation, reduction of the natural growth of the population, low fertility rate, that is change in the reproduction and structure of the population with the pronounced migration processes. Fast development of economy and industrialization led to the increase in employment which surpasses the growth of labour and caused migration of the population from agricultural to nonagricultural activity. However, migration of the rural population to towns was decreasing last years because of depopulation processes in the rural environments, so migrations were directed to economically more developed countries and great urban centres of Serbia. .

A New Look at the Asian Fertility Transition (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (4I) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
Planning Meeting ◽  
Annual Birth Rate

The significance of the Asian fertility transition can hardly be overestimated. The relatively sanguine view of population growth expressed at the 1994 International Conference for Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo was possible only because of the demographic events in Asia over the last 30 years. In 1965 Asian women were still bearing about six children. Even at current rates, today’s young women will give birth to half as many. This measure, namely the average number of live births over a reproductive lifetime, is called the total fertility rate. It has to be above 2— considerably above if mortality is still high—to achieve long-term population replacement. By 1995 East Asia, taken as a whole, exhibited a total fertility rate of 1.9. Elsewhere, Singapore was below long-term replacement, Thailand had just achieved it, and Sri Lanka was only a little above. The role of Asia in the global fertility transition is shown by estimates I made a few years ago for a World Bank Planning Meeting covering the first quarter of a century of the Asian transition [Caldwell (1993), p. 300]. Between 1965 and 1988 the world’s annual birth rate fell by 22 percent. In 1988 there would have been 40 million more births if there had been no decline from 1965 fertility levels. Of that total decline in the world’s births, almost 80 percent had been contributed by Asia, compared with only 10 percent by Latin America, nothing by Africa, and, unexpectedly, 10 percent by the high-income countries of the West. Indeed, 60 percent of the decline was produced by two countries, China and India, even though they constitute only 38 percent of the world’s population. They accounted, between them, for over threequarters of Asia’s fall in births.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Participation in Sustainable Tourism Planning for a Rural Region: Extremadura Case Study (Spain)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Marcelo Sánchez-Oro Sánchez ◽  
José Castro-Serrano ◽  
Rafael Robina-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Tourism Planning ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The One

The objective of this research is to obtain and analyze discursive information on the problems and solutions of the tourism sector in an eminently rural region, such as Extremadura, based on the opinions of stakeholders, in order to incorporate them into the evaluation and tourism planning of the region. More specifically, on the situation of the sector, perceptions on profitability and return on investment, the problem of overnight stays, and coordination between tourism agents and training demands, in order to make a sustainable tourism sector in a rural region. The research starts from the following premise: for tourism to be sustainable, stakeholders must participate in the strategic decision-making process. This paper aims, on the one hand, to clarify sufficiently the state of the art regarding the validity of focus groups and their analysis as a research methodology, explaining how to address the main challenges implied by this technique by reviewing a selection of research works that we consider relevant in this field. On the other hand, an analysis of the tourism sector in Extremadura is carried out based on these group dynamics. The main result, after analyzing the discourse of six focus groups, is that the different opinions of their members reveal, despite everything, that the training of human capital in the tourism sector in rural environments is a pending issue.

scholarly journals Forms and directions of migration from the countries of the Middle East in 1990-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-741
Author(s):  
Maram Homsi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Political Factors

The article examines the modern forms and directions of migration from the countries of the Middle East in the period from 1990 to 2017. It is shown that the high emigration potential of the countries of the Middle East is formed not only by socio-economic and political factors, but also by demographic development trends. Based on a detailed study of official statistics, special attention is paid to the study of the dynamics and geography of international migration in the region. Detailed donor countries and recipient countries of migrants from the Middle East. The political and ethnocultural consequences of large-scale migration from this region to European countries are considered.

scholarly journals Demographic Development of Russia in Geopolitical Coordinates of the XX – Early XXI Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-154
Author(s):  
Leonid L. Rybakovsky ◽  
◽  
Natalia I. Kozhevnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The One

The article shows that due to the fact that Russia has the largest territory among the rest of the world, the richest natural resources, making it a self-sufficient, advantageous geographical position, as well as a kind of history of the creation and development of the state, in the past, and still causes hostile attitude to it a number of states. Thanks to sufficient human potential, Russia, constituting the core of a state united with other peoples in pre-revolutionary and Soviet times, was able to defend its homeland, even from such an enemy as Nazi Germany. The increase in the population of Russia has always been the most important factor in ensuring the security of the state. The paper provides a detailed description of the demographic development of Russia, both as part of the Soviet Union and as an independent state. The dynamics of the population of Russia is considered, on the one hand, in the group of countries with a predominance of the Slavic ethnos, and on the other hand, it is compared with the demographic dynamics of the English-speaking group of countries.

Indian Fertility Transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423
Author(s):  
Anjali Radkar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Maternal Mortality Ratio ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
The Right

Fighting to curb the population growth, India’s reduction in fertility rate (58%) in 35 years is evident; total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 5.2 to 2.2 meaning three children less. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), 2015–2016, TFR has dropped to 2.18 from 3.39 in 1992 (NFHS-1). Proximate determinants indicate that over a period, index of marriage and contraception contribute lesser towards fertility, and postpartum amenorrhoea shows marginal variation. When total fecundity remains constant, share of abortion does not remain one but contribute towards fertility reduction. Benefits of fertility decline include lowering population growth and its positive effects on overall development. As fertility declines, maternal mortality declines; maternal mortality ratio (MRR) declined by 67 per cent in past 13 years. Sharp decline in fertility gives rise to demographic dividend. India is passing through it. Fertility drop is not without consequences. Fertility decline makes pregnancies precious; giving rise to upswing to C-section deliveries and hysterectomy even for a minor cause or is it a response to cancer threat? Preference for sons is universal here. With fertility reduction, it surfaces with unruly consequences of missing girls. Drop in fertility has changed the shape of the population pyramid. Share of elderly is reaching 10 per cent, of which share of women and more so share of oldest women is more. In the absence of social security and low rates of workforce participation, women are getting more dependent on the required care, increasing their vulnerability. Fertility reduction has achieved with moderate level of development. Now the right response to effects of fertility decline is the biggest social challenge.

Reading the geography of India’s district-level fertility differentials: a spatial econometric approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Haque ◽  
Dipendra Nath Das ◽  
Priyank Pravin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
District Level ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Related Factors

AbstractIndia has gradually progressed into fertility transition over the last few decades. However, the timing and pace of this transition has varied notably in terms of both its geography and the demographic groups most affected by it. While much literature exists on the relationships between fertility level and its influence on demographic, economic, socio-cultural and policy-related factors, the potential spatial variations in the effects of these factors on the fertility level remain unaddressed. Using the most recent district-level census data (of 2011) for India, this nationwide study has identified plausible spatial dependencies and heterogeneities in the relationships between the district-wise Total Fertility Rates (TFRs) and their respective demographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors. After developing a geocoded database for 621 districts of India, spatial regression and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models were used to decipher location-based relationships between the district-level TFR and its driving forces. The results revealed that the relationships between the district-level TFR and the considered selected predictors (percentage of Muslims, urbanization, caste group, female mean age at marriage, female education, females in the labour force, net migration, sex ratio at birth and exposure to mass media) were not spatially invariant in terms of their respective strength, magnitude and direction, and furthermore, these relationships were conspicuously place- and context-specific. This study suggests that such locality-based variations and their complexities cannot be explained simply by a single narrative of either socioeconomic advancement or government policy interventions. It therefore contributes to the ongoing debate on fertility research in India by highlighting the spatial dependence and heterogeneity of the impacts made by demographic, socioeconomic and cultural factors on local fertility levels. From a methodological perspective, the study also discerns that the GWR local model performs better, in terms of both model performance and prediction accuracy, compared with the conventional global model estimates.

China's Fertility Transition: The One-Child Campaign

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Platte
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Transition ◽  
The One

Otherness and closeness: residential tourism and rural gentrification processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-755
Author(s):  
Antonio di Campli
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Representation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rural Gentrification ◽  
Global North ◽  
The One ◽  
Residential Tourism

Purpose This essay looks at how various forms of residential tourism or lifestyle migration, produced by people arriving from the cities and territories of the so-called Global North, have triggered complex processes of social-spatial modification in the landscapes and rural environments of Vilcabamba, Ecuador, a small Andean village of approximately 5,000 inhabitants in the southern part of the canton of Loja. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Residential tourism in rural areas is a phenomenon that can be investigated by combining socio-economic studies with spatial analyses to define the specific characteristics of territories and environments affected by this phenomenon. In the case of Vilcabamba, the relationships and conflicts between imaginations, spaces, ecologies and desires have taken the form of a complex “implicit project”, a “palimpsest-project” intended as a set of territorial descriptions, interpretations and transformation actions triggered by a plot featuring migrant tourists, activists, eco-institutions, schools, artisans, intellectuals and artists. Though weakly connected to one another, these subjects nonetheless produce substantially coherent actions. Findings Two main hypotheses are given as: the first is that in particular rural contexts, such as the Andean area around Vilcabamba, dwelling practices and economies related to residential tourism have triggered processes through which these areas have progressively become peripheries to distant metropolitan territories and are reconfigured as sets of specialised places. The second hypothesis is that Vilcabamba and its rural surroundings can be viewed as a particular “contact zone” in which different types of residential tourists and local dwellers interact, together with different economies of tourism. In this case the reference is, on the one hand, to the logics and discourses of the so-called extractive tourism, a concept that describes the processes of “extracting” and converting local cultural characteristics, and “indigenousness”. To support these hypotheses, the result is the construction of a spatial representation of the ways in which specific practices of residential tourism are territorialised, and how they modify the meaning and functioning of rural spaces. Originality/value What is new in the paper is the attempt to define a spatial representation of transnational spaces trying to highlight relationships between extractive tourism and remittance urbanism.

scholarly journals Lifestyle And Physical Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Nuviala ◽  
Manuel Gómez-López ◽  
José Turpin ◽  
Román Nuviala
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Spare Time ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One

Lifestyle And Physical EducationIn order to improve the influence of Physical Education within schools on the creation of a healthy lifestyle, it is essential to analyze students' opinions in regard to this subject and its teachers. The aim of this research was to establish lifestyle typologies and to find out if these are correlated with the perception of Physical Education and its teachers. The participants in this research consisted of 745 teenagers belonging to three different rural environments. In order to establish typologies related to the use of spare time, a cluster analysis was carried out. Then, the relation between lifestyle and the evaluation of Physical Education was determined by means of the Chi-square test. The results show the existence of two lifestyle typologies. The group with a healthier lifestyle is the one that rates Physical Education and its teachers more positively.

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