scholarly journals Marriage and Madness

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Øyvind Giæver
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marriage Laws ◽  
Final Round

This essay focuses on marriage regulation as a eugenic tool – a topic that has received little attention in the literature – in 20th century Norway. Although eugenics was very much the focus of expert discussions prior to the first Norwegian marriage act (1918), a marriage bar for the insane that was included in the act was not mainly motivated by eugenic concerns. In fact, an amendment prepared in the late 1950s brought such concerns more to the foreground. In a final round of revisions prepared in the 1970s and 80s, however, both the marriage bar and the eugenic arguments were firmly dismissed. The essay uses these developments to discuss the relative weight to be accorded technical versus political factors in explaining the decline of eugenics – a decline that came rather late as far as the history of Norwegian marriage laws goes.

Erotiskās prozas fenomens Latvijā un pasaulē

2021 ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
Bārbala Simsone
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Original Fiction ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Literary Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Erotic

The present paper “The Phenomenon of Erotic Fiction in Latvian and World Literature” is devoted to the fiction genre acquiring immense popularity in Western literature while having attracted only fragmentary attention in Latvian literary scholarship, namely the erotic fiction, which is currently among those genres of literature most widely read among Latvian readers and therefore titled as somewhat phenomenal. The first part of the paper provides insight into the history of the erotic world literature and the most common division of the genre into the three basic categories; this part also provides a short overview of the erotic aspects in the Latvian original fiction during the 20th century. It has been possible to decide that the erotic prose has had only a limited representation in Latvian literature, mainly due to historical and socio-political factors, because the common tendency was to euphemise the said aspects, which were often met with an open reproach of the more Puritan part of the society. Erotic aspects in poetry and prose somewhat flourished during the epoch of Decadence (the first decade of the 20th century) and after that, only during the turn of the 20th/21st centuries when the prohibitions invoked by the Soviet censorship were lifted. Nevertheless, even during these periods, the more free approach resulted in only a few prose works of this kind or else episodes in works of other genres. The conclusive part of the paper is devoted to four novels by currently the most popular author of erotic romance in Latvian literature, Karīna Račko, inviting at the same time the discussion about the reasons for the popularity of these novels which might proceed from their common structural characteristics. It is possible to observe that the novel’s structures are notably similar to the basic plotlines of fairy-tales that the readers recognise on an archetypal level. Consequently, this makes it possible to view these novels as a sort of fairy-tales for modern grown-ups whose attraction is multiplied by the fact that the texts include specific aspects of visualisation that make it possible for the readers to identify closely with the characters.

Chinese emigration to Russia from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (01) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Cheng Hong ◽  
Wang Xu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the key problems of the history of Chinese emigration to Russia from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. It is shown, that, for a number of reasons, the Russian Empire became one of the important channels of emigration from the late Qing Empire. The conclusion is substantiated, that, in the presence of political migrants, for example, from among the Dungan rebels, the main reason for attracting a large number of Chinese to Russia was purely economic, not political factors.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

Könyvismertetések

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-420
Author(s):  
Magda Ritoókné Ádám ◽  
Olivér Nagybányai Nagy ◽  
Csaba Pléh ◽  
Attila Keresztes
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Psychology ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Issues

VárinéSzilágyiIbolya: Építészprofilok, akik a 70-es, 80-as években indultak(Ritoókné Ádám Magda)      407RacsmányMihály(szerk.): Afejlődés zavarai és vizsgálómódszerei(Nagybányai Nagy Olivér)     409Új irányzatok és a bejárt út a pszichológiatörténet-írásban (Mandler, G.: Interesting times. An encounter with the 20th century; Hergenhahn, B. N.: An introduction to the history of psychology; Schultz, D. P.,Schultz, S. E.: A history of modern psychology; Greenwood, J. D.: The disappearance of the social in American social psychology;Bem, S.,LoorendeJong, H.: Theoretical issues in psychology. An introduction; Sternberg, R. J. (ed.)Unity in psychology: Possibility or pipedream?;Dalton, D. C.,Evans, R. B. (eds): __

“History Misappropriation or Compreension?” (Russian Lihuanian Studies in the 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Andrey Yu. Dvornichenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Scientific Paradigm ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The abundant Russian historiography of the medieval history of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian-Russian State) has become in the last decades the centre of the discussions and is often subject to groundless criticism. This historiography was not very lucky in the Soviet period of the 20th century either, as it was severely criticized from the Marxist-Leninist position. When discussing Russian historiography the author of this article is consciously committed to the Russian positions. There are no reasons to consider this historiography branch either Byelorussian or Ukrainian one, as that was really Russian historiography, - the phenomenon that formed under the favorable specific conditions of Russian Empire before the beginning of the 20th century. The said phenomenon can be studied in different ways: according to the existing then main trends and schools or according to their affiliation with specific universities of Russian Empire. But according to the author of this article the best way to study the issue is in accordance with the main concepts of history. And then the pre-revolutionary historiography appears as an integral scientific paradigm that turns out to be the most divaricate branch of the Lithuanian studies of the time. It created, in its turn, the most vivid and objective historical picture that can still serve as the basis for the studies of Lithuanian-Russian state.

A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Alin Constantin Corfu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern History ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University

"A Short Modern History of Studying Sacrobosco’s De sphaera. The treatise generally known as De sphaera offered at the beginning of the 13th century a general image of the structure of the cosmos. In this paper I’m first trying to present a triple stake with which this treaty of Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 - c. 1256). This effort is intended to draw a context upon the treaty on which I will present in the second part of this paper namely, a short modern history of studying this treaty starting from the beginning of the 20th century up to this day. The first stake consists in the well-known episode of translation of the XI-XII centuries in the Latin milieu of the Greek and Arabic treaties. The treatise De sphaera taking over, assimilating and comparing some of the new translations of the texts dedicated to astronomy. The second Consists in the fact that Sacrobosco`s work can be considered a response to a need of renewal of the curriculum dedicated to astronomy at the University of Paris. And the third consists in the novelty and the need to use the De sphaera treatise in the Parisian University’s curriculum of the 13th century. Keywords: astronomy, translation, university, 13th Century, Sacrobosco, Paris, curriculum"

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