scholarly journals Development of expert thinking: The role of goal-oriented practice and practicing

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-240
Author(s):  
Zora Krnjaic
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Creative Products ◽  
Artificial Development ◽  
Systematic Education ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
And Training

Exceptional achievements, expert masteries, masterful performances and creative products can be attained only after a number of years of guided and well-devised practice or goal-oriented practicing. We are dealing with a long-term, systematic and carefully guided training which gradually, step by step, leads towards developing expertise and producing supreme achievements and performances in different areas of human activities. This paper explores the role of goal-oriented practice in the development of expert thinking in science, its characteristics and levels of development. Expert thinking in science is defined as the competence developed through learning and practicing of a certain scientific discipline within systematic education and training as an integral part of artificial development. The goal-oriented practice takes place in phases. Its important feature is a gradual and carefully guided progress and enhancement of abilities that is achieved through meaningful tasks and relevant activities suited to age and the level of expertise in a particular domain, along with constant improvement of activities based on feedback provided by mentors. On the path of development of expertise and expert thinking in science, as one of the forms of manifesting giftedness, an individual needs to be ready to invest efforts, set aside the time and be dedicated to work, as well as to have the possibilities and opportunities to pursue scientific research.

scholarly journals Past and Future Earth: Archaeology and Soil Studies on Ambergris Caye, Belize

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Graham ◽  
Richard I. Macphail ◽  
John Crowther ◽  
Simon Turner ◽  
Julia Stegemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Anthropogenic Deposits ◽  
Ambergris Caye ◽  
Coral Islands

Marco Gonzalez is one of a number of Maya sites on Belize’s coast and cayes (coral islands) that exhibit anomalous vegetation and dark-coloured soils. Like Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs), the soils are sought locally for cultivation and are underlain by anthropogenic deposits. Our research is aimed at assessing the role of the anthropogenic deposits in soil formation processes with a view to developing strategies to quantify the long-term environmental impact of human activities today.

The Pediatric Convalescence Hospital

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-618
Author(s):  
M. Harry Jennison
Keyword(s):  
Unique Role ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Inpatient And Outpatient Care ◽  
And Training

I was delighted to read Dr. Frederic Burke excellent analysis of the important and unique role of the specialized children hospital designed to meet the complex needs of long-term childhood illness (PEDIATRICS, 43:879, 1969). We operate a similar intermediate-care children hospital facility at Stanford, having a parallel historical origin which has now evolved into a comprehensive program providing inpatient and outpatient care, teaching and training, and research in the chronic diseases of childhood and youth.

STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
С. М. Маматов ◽  
М. А. Арстанбекова ◽  
Ф. Э. Иманалиева ◽  
Кызы Базира Канат
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Healthcare Practice ◽  
Geriatric Service

В статье проанализирована ситуация, сложившаяся с развитием геронтологии в Кыргызской Республике. Подробно описывается долговременный процесс становления геронтологической службы в стране и ее достижения. Позитивным считается тот факт, что на проблему пожилых людей стали обращать внимание не только международные организации, но и государство, и само общество. Несмотря на определенные достигнутые успехи в развитии службы, указываются проблемы, которые требуют неотлагательных мер для решения, особенно это касается развития гериатрической службы, которая сегодня не соответствует современному состоянию постарения населения. Подчеркнута важная роль создания института геронтологии как координирующего органа в подготовке специализированных кадров, в развитии и выполнении скооперированных научных исследований и внедрения их результатов в практику здравоохранения. The article analyzes the situation with the development of gerontology in the Kyrgyz Republic. The long-term process of the formation of the gerontological service in the country and its achievements are described in detail. The positive fact is that not only international organizations, but also the state and society itself began to pay attention to the problem of older people. Despite the certain and achieved successes in the development of the service, problems are indicated that require urgent measures to resolve, especially the development of the geriatric service, which today does not meet the modern challenges of aging. The important role of creating the gerontology institute, as a coordinating body in the training of specialized personnel, in the development and implementation of cooperated scientific research and the implementation of their results in healthcare practice was emphasized.

scholarly journals Examining Succession and Replacement Planning in Work organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace Ifidon Gabriel ◽  
Chris Samuel Biriowu ◽  
Eli Legg-Jack Dagogo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Knowledge Capital ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specialty Area ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
And Training

Succession planning and replacement planning are both strategies that are incredibly important to the lifeline of any organization. Succession planning is a deliberate and systematic effort by an organization to ensure leadership continuity in key positions, retain and develop intellectual and knowledge capital for the future, and encourage individual advancement. Replacement planning is the process of identifying short-term and long-term emergency backups to fill critical positions or to take the place of critical people. This paper examines the role of succession and replacement planning in improving organizational performance. It established the importance; types; features and objectives of succession planning in the workplace. The paper juxtaposed replacement and succession planning in the workplace, established the development plan of replacement planning and examines how succession and replacement planning helps to improve on the performance of the organization. The paper identified that succession planning and replacement planning are two different strategies; succession planning is oriented around developing people through training, mentoring, coaching, while replacement planning is focused on meeting the demands of emergencies in the organization. The paper further identified that from the perspective of the workplace succession planning helps the organization to access the risk in key position, minimizes risk through appropriate compensation, recognition and management, and assuring the readiness of successors by identifying and training high potential employees. Replacement planning assumes a stable and unchanging organizational structure, which encourages silo-d thinking about talent since in most cases; replacements come from a specific specialty area. The paper concludes that these strategies are incredibly important to the lifeline of any organization as they both assists to improve organizational performance. The paper recommends that Organizations should make use of replacement planning and succession planning; together they can mitigate the risks of any organization going out of business.

scholarly journals The Place of Criminal Repression in the Modern Criminal Law Futurology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Zhesterov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Modern Technologies

Purpose. The author reveals the issues of a new direction of criminological foresight - criminal law futurology. The author clarifies the role of predictions in the fight against crime and the prevention of crimes by criminal means. Methodology: the study uses a set of dialectical, systemic, logical methods. The author pays special attention to the genesis of the essence and content of criminological forecasting. Conducts a comparative analysis of the latest forecasting methods, based on the use of modern technologies and based on mathematical tools. Conclusions. The author concludes that further short-term and long-term criminological studies of a prognostic nature are necessary, the results of which can be more widely used in the formation and implementation of criminal policy. The author indicates promising directions for further scientific research.

scholarly journals Infrastructure as a wicked complex process

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Chester ◽  
Braden Allenby
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Lock In ◽  
And Training

Changing complexity in the increasingly integrated human, natural, and built systems within which our infrastructures are designed and operated make it necessary to examine how the role of engineering requires new competencies for satisficing. Several long-term trends appear to be shifting our infrastructures further away from the complicated domain where optimization and efficiency were the core approaches, to the domain of complexity, where rapidly changing environments and fragmentation of goals require fundamentally new approaches. While complexity in infrastructure has always existed in some form, making infrastructures agile and flexible for the Anthropocene will require us to acknowledge and work with the fact that infrastructure change now appears to be a wicked and complex process. Wicked complexity is the result of three competing forces that are inimical to rapid and sustained change of infrastructures in a future marked by acceleration and uncertainty: wicked problems, technical complexity including lock-in, and social complexity. The combination of these factors raises serious questions about whether rapidly changing demands, technologies, and perturbations (such as climate change, or cyber attacks) will affect our infrastructure’s capacity to provide services. What infrastructure managers need to do today is very different than in the past. Increased presence and polarization of viewpoints is becoming more common, where solutions are dictated not by technical performance measures but instead by “acceptable enough” to all parties. Adaptive management practices and associated competencies that have proven successful in managing complex socio-ecological systems may provide some guidance for how to manage infrastructure change. These competencies are i) promoting a shared understanding of what infrastructures can do, ii) managing infrastructures as systems with changing demands, iii) emphasizing experimentation over conventional approaches, and, iv) restructuring education and training for a complexity mindset that emphasizes what can be over what is, and relies on satisficing, not optimization.

Sociotechnical Transformative Effects of an ICT Project in Rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (13) ◽  
pp. 1871-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Stillman ◽  
Mauro Sarrica ◽  
Misita Anwar ◽  
Anindita Sarker ◽  
Manuela Farinosi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

The purpose of this article is to provide lessons from the field about an Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) project (Participatory Research and Ownership With Technology, Information and Change [PROTIC]) concerned with the use of mobile phones by women in remote villages in Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi government considers that the role of ICT in social and economic transformation is significant for the country’s development. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) also regard ICT as important but are challenged as how to use them effectively for their programs and how to deal with long-term sustainability, digital divides, gender, and cultural issues. This article considers the PROTIC project as a modeling force for innovation and pressure on established sociotechnical structures. In this analysis, we follow what Donner defines as the “interrelationship” perspective, as applied to ICT4D. In particular, the notions of niche, regime, and landscape will be used to frame the changes that a village-level project may activate or respond to at the micro, meso, and macro levels of sociotechnical interaction. A mixed methods approach has been implemented during the 4 years of the project to monitor its outcomes, including interviews with project participants, reports of monthly consultations and training with villagers, extensive surveys, analysis of the Facebook profile of the project, and field notes and interviews with local NGOs and international NGO staff. Results show that the women villagers have undergone a transformation in attitudes, skills, and practices associated with mobile phone use. Transformations at individual and community niche levels have in turn influenced the conceptual framework of local and international NGOs and have also contributed to the reorientation of other regime actors, such as universities, major NGOs, and the government. Methodological constraints as well as the complexity of conducting international fieldwork with multiple actors will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez ◽  
Daniela Chlíbková ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Training ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
And Training

The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experiences (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races). The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three or less finishes in marathon races (novice group, NOV; n = 69, age 43.5 ± 8.0 years) and four or more finishes (experienced group, EXP; n = 66, 45.2 ± 9.4 years) were compared. EXP had faster personal best marathon time (3:44 ± 0:36 vs. 4:20 ± 0:44 h:min, p < 0.001, respectively); lower flexibility (15.9 ± 9.3 vs. 19.3 ± 15.9 cm, p = 0.022), abdominal (20.6 ± 7.9 vs. 23.8 ± 9.0 mm, p = 0.030) and iliac crest skinfold thickness (16.7 ± 6.7 vs. 19.9 ± 7.9 mm, p = 0.013), and body fat assessed by bioimpedance analysis (13.0 ± 4.4 vs. 14.6 ± 4.7%, p = 0.047); more weekly training days (4.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 days, p = 0.038); and longer weekly running distance (58.8 ± 24.0 vs. 47.2 ± 16.1 km, p = 0.001) than NOV. The findings indicated that long-term marathon training might induce adaptations in endurance performance, body composition, and flexibility.

scholarly journals The role of the Business Environment in Harvesting Strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Deidré Van Rooyen ◽  
Jan H Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Keywords And Phrases ◽  
Real Value ◽  
And Training

<p>Harvesting is made up of many different strategies that can be used by entrepreneurs to exit their business. This is a long-term ambition to create real value to the business. In Beaufort West, a uranium mining development is going to take place and thus create opportunities for existing and new businesses. This study investigates how the changing business environment will influence this harvesting choice made by the entrepreneur. Recommendations indicate that entrepreneurs need more information and training regarding the specific harvesting concept and strategies that are available, because no specific harvesting strategy was noted as important by the entrepreneurial respondents.</p><p><strong>Keywords and phrases:</strong> business environment; harvesting; exit; business; entrepreneur; uranium</p>

scholarly journals To the 90th Anniversary of V.P. Zinchenko and V.M. Munipov — the “Fathers” of Ergonomics

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
V.K. Zaretsky
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
90Th Anniversary ◽  
Technical Properties

The article is devoted to the anniversary dates of the outstanding Russian psychologists V.P. Zinchenko and V.M. Munipov, who have worked together for many years in the field of ergonomics and psychology. Their activities contributed to the formation of ergonomics as a scientific discipline, a change in the thinking of work designers, a shift in the focus of attention from the technical properties of products to their ergonomic properties, to the design of human activities. The article contains a short story about the formation of ergonomics as a scientific discipline in the USSR and about the role of the tandem "V.P. Zinchenko—V.M. Munipov". Their role is shown in the formation of not only ergonomics, but also practical psychology, in the maintenance, development and further transmission of the tradition of cultural-historical psychology.

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