scholarly journals Training, Anthropometric, and Physiological Characteristics in Men Recreational Marathon Runners: The Role of Sport Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez ◽  
Daniela Chlíbková ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Training ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
And Training

The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological and training characteristics in marathon runners with different sport experiences (defined as the number of finishes in marathon races). The anthropometry and physiological characteristics of men recreational endurance runners with three or less finishes in marathon races (novice group, NOV; n = 69, age 43.5 ± 8.0 years) and four or more finishes (experienced group, EXP; n = 66, 45.2 ± 9.4 years) were compared. EXP had faster personal best marathon time (3:44 ± 0:36 vs. 4:20 ± 0:44 h:min, p < 0.001, respectively); lower flexibility (15.9 ± 9.3 vs. 19.3 ± 15.9 cm, p = 0.022), abdominal (20.6 ± 7.9 vs. 23.8 ± 9.0 mm, p = 0.030) and iliac crest skinfold thickness (16.7 ± 6.7 vs. 19.9 ± 7.9 mm, p = 0.013), and body fat assessed by bioimpedance analysis (13.0 ± 4.4 vs. 14.6 ± 4.7%, p = 0.047); more weekly training days (4.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.0 days, p = 0.038); and longer weekly running distance (58.8 ± 24.0 vs. 47.2 ± 16.1 km, p = 0.001) than NOV. The findings indicated that long-term marathon training might induce adaptations in endurance performance, body composition, and flexibility.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Prediction Equation of “Athens Authentic Marathon” Men’s Race Speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Weekly Training

AimDespite the increasing popularity of outdoor endurance running races of different distances, little information exists about the role of training and physiological characteristics of recreational runners. The aim of the present study was (a) to examine the role of training and physiological characteristics on the performance of recreational marathon runners and (b) to develop a prediction equation of men’s race time in the “Athens Authentic Marathon.”MethodsRecreational male marathon runners (n = 130, age 44.1 ± 8.6 years)—who finished the “Athens Authentic Marathon” 2017—performed a series of anthropometry and physical fitness tests including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic power, squat, and countermovement jump. The variation of these characteristics was examined by quintiles (i.e., five groups consisting of 26 participants in each) of the race speed. An experimental group (EXP, n = 65) was used to develop a prediction equation of the race time, which was verified in a control group (CON, n = 65).ResultsIn the overall sample, a one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of quintiles on race speed on weekly training days and distance, age, body weight, BMI, BF, and VO2max (p ≤ 0.003, η2 ≥ 0.121), where the faster groups outscored the slower groups. Running speed during the race correlated moderately with age (r = −0.36, p < 0.001) and largely with the number of weekly training days (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and weekly running distance (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), but not with the number of previously finished marathons (r = 0.08, p = 0.369). With regard to physiological characteristics, running speed correlated largely with body mass (r = −0.52, p < 0.001), BMI (r = −0.60, p < 0.001), BF (r = −0.65, p < 0.001), VO2max (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), moderately with isometric muscle strength (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), and small with anaerobic muscle power (r = 0.20, p = 0.021). In EXP, race speed could be predicted (R2 = 0.61, standard error of the estimate = 1.19) using the formula “8.804 + 0.111 × VO2max + 0.029 × weekly training distance in km −0.218 × BMI.” Applying this equation in CON, no bias was observed (difference between observed and predicted value 0.12 ± 1.09 km/h, 95% confidence intervals −0.15, 0.40, p = 0.122).ConclusionThese findings highlighted the role of aerobic capacity, training, and body mass status for the performance of recreational male runners in a marathon race. The findings would be of great practical importance for coaches and trainers to predict the average marathon race time in a specific group of runners.

The Pediatric Convalescence Hospital

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-618
Author(s):  
M. Harry Jennison
Keyword(s):  
Unique Role ◽  
Complex Needs ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
Inpatient And Outpatient Care ◽  
And Training

I was delighted to read Dr. Frederic Burke excellent analysis of the important and unique role of the specialized children hospital designed to meet the complex needs of long-term childhood illness (PEDIATRICS, 43:879, 1969). We operate a similar intermediate-care children hospital facility at Stanford, having a parallel historical origin which has now evolved into a comprehensive program providing inpatient and outpatient care, teaching and training, and research in the chronic diseases of childhood and youth.

scholarly journals Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Supplementation Ameliorates Physical Fatigue by Improving Mitochondrial Quality Control

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyu Sun ◽  
Yunhe Zhou ◽  
Yajuan Su ◽  
Sheng Li ◽  
Jingmei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Physical Fatigue ◽  
Mitochondrial Quality Control ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Oxidant Production ◽  
Plasma Half Life

Resveratrol (RSV) has various pharmacological effects; however, few studies have directly addressed the possible antifatigue effects of long-term endurance exercise. The clinical use of RSV is limited by its poor water solubility and extremely short plasma half-life. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are considered as reasonable drug delivery systems to overcome some of these drawbacks and expand its applications. In this study, RSV-SLNs were successfully prepared through emulsification and low-temperature solidification. Results showed that RSV-SLN supplementation effectively enhanced endurance performance. RSV-SLN supplementation might enhance mitochondrial function by ameliorating mitochondrial quality control (QC), which was superior to RSV application. These results revealed an unexpected role of RSV-SLN compared with RSV in terms of linking nutrient deprivation to mitochondrial oxidant production through mitochondrial QC. A mitochondrion-mediated pathway was likely involved in RSV-SLN, thereby improving endurance performance. Overall, this study highlighted new possibilities for anti-physical-fatigue strategies.

scholarly journals What Motivates Successful Marathon Runners? The Role of Sex, Age, Education, and Training Experience in Polish Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Waśkiewicz ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Dagmara Gerasimuk ◽  
Zbigniew Borysiuk ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education And Training ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
And Training

scholarly journals Examining Succession and Replacement Planning in Work organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace Ifidon Gabriel ◽  
Chris Samuel Biriowu ◽  
Eli Legg-Jack Dagogo
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Succession Planning ◽  
Knowledge Capital ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specialty Area ◽  
Systematic Effort ◽  
And Training

Succession planning and replacement planning are both strategies that are incredibly important to the lifeline of any organization. Succession planning is a deliberate and systematic effort by an organization to ensure leadership continuity in key positions, retain and develop intellectual and knowledge capital for the future, and encourage individual advancement. Replacement planning is the process of identifying short-term and long-term emergency backups to fill critical positions or to take the place of critical people. This paper examines the role of succession and replacement planning in improving organizational performance. It established the importance; types; features and objectives of succession planning in the workplace. The paper juxtaposed replacement and succession planning in the workplace, established the development plan of replacement planning and examines how succession and replacement planning helps to improve on the performance of the organization. The paper identified that succession planning and replacement planning are two different strategies; succession planning is oriented around developing people through training, mentoring, coaching, while replacement planning is focused on meeting the demands of emergencies in the organization. The paper further identified that from the perspective of the workplace succession planning helps the organization to access the risk in key position, minimizes risk through appropriate compensation, recognition and management, and assuring the readiness of successors by identifying and training high potential employees. Replacement planning assumes a stable and unchanging organizational structure, which encourages silo-d thinking about talent since in most cases; replacements come from a specific specialty area. The paper concludes that these strategies are incredibly important to the lifeline of any organization as they both assists to improve organizational performance. The paper recommends that Organizations should make use of replacement planning and succession planning; together they can mitigate the risks of any organization going out of business.

scholarly journals Infrastructure as a wicked complex process

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Chester ◽  
Braden Allenby
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Lock In ◽  
And Training

Changing complexity in the increasingly integrated human, natural, and built systems within which our infrastructures are designed and operated make it necessary to examine how the role of engineering requires new competencies for satisficing. Several long-term trends appear to be shifting our infrastructures further away from the complicated domain where optimization and efficiency were the core approaches, to the domain of complexity, where rapidly changing environments and fragmentation of goals require fundamentally new approaches. While complexity in infrastructure has always existed in some form, making infrastructures agile and flexible for the Anthropocene will require us to acknowledge and work with the fact that infrastructure change now appears to be a wicked and complex process. Wicked complexity is the result of three competing forces that are inimical to rapid and sustained change of infrastructures in a future marked by acceleration and uncertainty: wicked problems, technical complexity including lock-in, and social complexity. The combination of these factors raises serious questions about whether rapidly changing demands, technologies, and perturbations (such as climate change, or cyber attacks) will affect our infrastructure’s capacity to provide services. What infrastructure managers need to do today is very different than in the past. Increased presence and polarization of viewpoints is becoming more common, where solutions are dictated not by technical performance measures but instead by “acceptable enough” to all parties. Adaptive management practices and associated competencies that have proven successful in managing complex socio-ecological systems may provide some guidance for how to manage infrastructure change. These competencies are i) promoting a shared understanding of what infrastructures can do, ii) managing infrastructures as systems with changing demands, iii) emphasizing experimentation over conventional approaches, and, iv) restructuring education and training for a complexity mindset that emphasizes what can be over what is, and relies on satisficing, not optimization.

Sociotechnical Transformative Effects of an ICT Project in Rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (13) ◽  
pp. 1871-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Stillman ◽  
Mauro Sarrica ◽  
Misita Anwar ◽  
Anindita Sarker ◽  
Manuela Farinosi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Mobile Phone Use ◽  
Digital Divides ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Training

The purpose of this article is to provide lessons from the field about an Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) project (Participatory Research and Ownership With Technology, Information and Change [PROTIC]) concerned with the use of mobile phones by women in remote villages in Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi government considers that the role of ICT in social and economic transformation is significant for the country’s development. International nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) also regard ICT as important but are challenged as how to use them effectively for their programs and how to deal with long-term sustainability, digital divides, gender, and cultural issues. This article considers the PROTIC project as a modeling force for innovation and pressure on established sociotechnical structures. In this analysis, we follow what Donner defines as the “interrelationship” perspective, as applied to ICT4D. In particular, the notions of niche, regime, and landscape will be used to frame the changes that a village-level project may activate or respond to at the micro, meso, and macro levels of sociotechnical interaction. A mixed methods approach has been implemented during the 4 years of the project to monitor its outcomes, including interviews with project participants, reports of monthly consultations and training with villagers, extensive surveys, analysis of the Facebook profile of the project, and field notes and interviews with local NGOs and international NGO staff. Results show that the women villagers have undergone a transformation in attitudes, skills, and practices associated with mobile phone use. Transformations at individual and community niche levels have in turn influenced the conceptual framework of local and international NGOs and have also contributed to the reorientation of other regime actors, such as universities, major NGOs, and the government. Methodological constraints as well as the complexity of conducting international fieldwork with multiple actors will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Long-term physical training in adolescent sprint and middle distance swimmers alters the composition of circulating T and NK cells which correlates with soluble ICAM-1 serum concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Notbohm ◽  
Moritz Schumann ◽  
Stefan Fuhrmann ◽  
Jan Klocke ◽  
Sebastian Theurich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Cellular Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Weekly Training ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
And Training

Abstract Purpose It remains unknown how different training intensities and volumes chronically impact circulating lymphocytes and cellular adhesion molecules. First, we aimed to monitor changes in NK and T cells over a training season and relate these to training load. Second, we analyzed effects of training differences between swimmers on these cells. Finally, we examined if changes in lymphocytes were associated with sICAM-1 concentrations. Methods We analyzed weekly training volume, training intensity, proportions of T and NK cells and serum sICAM-1 in eight sprint (SS) and seven middle-distance swimmers (MID) at three points over a 16-week training period: at the start (t0), after 7 weeks of increased training load (t7) and after 16 weeks, including 5-day taper (t16). Results Training volume of all swimmers was statistically higher and training intensity lower from t0–t7 compared to t7–t16 (p = 0.001). Secondly, training intensity was statistically higher in SS from t0–t7 (p = 0.004) and t7–t16 (p = 0.015), while MID had a statistically higher training volume from t7–t16 (p = 0.04). From t0–t7, NK (p = 0.06) and CD45RA+CD45RO+CD4+ cells (p < 0.001) statistically decreased, while CD45RA−CD45RO+CD4+ cells (p = 0.024) statistically increased. In a subgroup analysis, SS showed statistically larger increases in NK cells from t7–t16 than MID (p = 0.012). Lastly, sICAM-1 concentrations were associated with changes in CD45RA−CDRO+CD4+ cells (r = − 0.656, p = 0.08). Conclusion These results indicate that intensified training in swimmers resulted in transient changes in T and NK cells. Further, NK cells are sensitive to high training volumes. Lastly, sICAM-1 concentrations may be associated with the migration and maturation of CD4+ cells in athletes.

scholarly journals Skinfold Thickness Distribution in Recreational Marathon Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Skinfold Measurements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of body fat (BF) percentage with performance of elite marathon runners has been well studied; however, less information is available about the variation of skinfold thickness by sex and performance in non-elite marathon runners. The aim of the present study was to examine the variation of skinfold thickness by sex and performance in recreational marathon runners. Participants included 32 female (age 40.1 ± 9.0 years, BF 19.6 ± 4.7%, and training volume 47.7 ± 22.6 km) and 134 male marathon runners (44.3 ± 8.8 years, 17.6 ± 4.0%, and 53.0 ± 21.2 km, respectively). The largest skinfold thickness was the abdomen in both sexes, whereas the smallest was biceps in men, and chins in women (p < 0.001). The largest sex difference in skinfold thickness was observed in triceps being the fattest in women (p < 0.001). The largest difference in skinfold thickness among men’s performance groups was observed in the iliac crest, and the smallest in the patella and proximal calf (p < 0.001). In summary, skinfold measurements indicated that women had more fat in both their upper and lower limbs, while men had more fat in their trunk. With regards to the role of performance level, the slowest runners presented relatively more fat in the upper limbs and trunk anatomical sites, i.e., away from the active muscles of legs.

scholarly journals The role of the Business Environment in Harvesting Strategies

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Deidré Van Rooyen ◽  
Jan H Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Uranium Mining ◽  
Keywords And Phrases ◽  
Real Value ◽  
And Training

<p>Harvesting is made up of many different strategies that can be used by entrepreneurs to exit their business. This is a long-term ambition to create real value to the business. In Beaufort West, a uranium mining development is going to take place and thus create opportunities for existing and new businesses. This study investigates how the changing business environment will influence this harvesting choice made by the entrepreneur. Recommendations indicate that entrepreneurs need more information and training regarding the specific harvesting concept and strategies that are available, because no specific harvesting strategy was noted as important by the entrepreneurial respondents.</p><p><strong>Keywords and phrases:</strong> business environment; harvesting; exit; business; entrepreneur; uranium</p>

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