scholarly journals Phenomenon of insufficient birth and educational system

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Rasevic
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Population Education ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Individual

The most important problem of demographic development of Serbia is the fact that individual strivings, aspirations and responses accompanying the process of giving birth to children are not rational from the aspect of the needs of the society. Reproductive norms are low. The society did not even try, via its institutions, to exert influence on the formation of attitude about the desired number of children, or to largely alleviate a number of obstacles to their realization. Facing the consequences of reproductive behavior is a reality and definitely follows in the upcoming time as well. Is there a space for action undertaken by educational system as a part of political response with the aim of rehabilitation of giving birth? It seems that this space exists and that at least two measures impose themselves in that sense. Reduction of individual age at the end of school and population education. Postponing giving birth for later and later age is a very important cause of a very low fertility level in Serbia today. The reform of educational system might influence an earlier entering of parenthood by reducing the individual age at the end of schooling. Population education is imposed as a new direction of population policy, bearing in mind that an individual does not have enough specific knowledge. More or less, the relation between individual behavior and macro-processes is not perceived, the consequences of unsatisfactory population tendencies, slow pace of demographic changes and their postponed effect are not recognized, one does not think about the preservation of national identity, culture and duration.

scholarly journals Determinants of demographic development of the Republic of Srpska at the beginning of the 21th century

2014 ◽  
pp. 619-628
Author(s):  
Drasko Marinkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Majic
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Trend ◽  
Mortality Increase ◽  
Target Period ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Negative Factors

For decades now, the Republic of Srpska has been affected by the natural depopulation process and starting with 2002 it has been manifested through negative rate of natural increase resulting from natality decrease and mortality increase. During the target period, the number of the live-born declined by 28% whereas the number of the dead increased by 25%. Clearly, negative demographic figures along with negative migrations resulted in the total depopulation. Negative migration balance additionally complicates negative demographic trend, which results in total depopulation of large proportions. Major issue of the Republic of Srpska population is the phenomenon of low fertility resulting from a whole range of negative factors. Therefore, the implementation of population policy measures is fundamental for both society and population in the country.

scholarly journals Demographic development and implementation of population policy measures in the Republic of Srpska

2010 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Drasko Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Republic

Republic of Srpska faces complex demographic problems that are manifested in a constant reduction in birth rates and negative population growth, reducing the number of pupils in primary schools, the process of depopulation, the disappearance of the villages, aging population, emigration of fertile and working-age population abroad. The components of natural movement of population in the period from 1996 to 2008 indicate problems in demographic development. The current rate of natural increase is negative and points to the disruption of vital structures of population with a range of negative consequences. At the level of the Republic of Srpska, family planning and social policy are under the strong influence of changes that occur in society. From the analysis of demographic determinants for the last ten years it is evident that in the Republic of Srpska, for a longer time, there has been active demographic recession initiated by an intensive reduction of fertility rates. In order to increase the fertility a broader social action is needed from which there should arise strategy for demographic development and family planning program that should take into account the number of children required for the replacement of generations. In accordance with the previous, it is needed to intensify activities on systematization of existing measures of population policy and to direct them primarily in pro-natal purposes, in order to distinguish measures of population and social policy. These activities should be developed at all levels, especially at the level of local government. .

scholarly journals Do Spousal Intimate Relationships Affect Fertility Intentions and Preferences?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110160
Author(s):  
Amir Erfani ◽  
Roya Jahanbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Fertility Intentions ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The fertility influence of spousal intimate relationships is unknown. Drawing on the Giddens’s theory of transformation of intimacy, this study proposed a hypothesis that couples supporting egalitarian intimate relationships, with a greater risk profile attached to the relationship, and having less attachments to the external normative pressures shaping marital relations, are more likely to have low-fertility intentions and preferences. Using data from a self-administered pilot survey ( n = 375 prospective grooms and brides) designed by the authors, and employing multivariate regression models, we found that the lower attachment to external social forces in mate selection was associated with the lower ideal number of children, and those with a greater spousal relational egalitarianism and a higher risk profile attached to their relationships preferred lower number of children and were less likely to intend to have children after marriage. The study sheds new light on the determinants of low fertility.

scholarly journals Challenges and Sustainability of China’s Socio-Economic Stability in the Context of Its Demographic Development

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Andrea Čajková ◽  
Peter Čajka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Family Behavior ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Like many developed countries in the world, China currently faces many serious demographic challenges that pose a potential risk to the country’s socio-economic development and stability. The current demographic development and trend is characterized by a change in the reproductive behavior of the population, characterized by a decline in birth rates, a change in family behavior, and a shift in the value system. This paper is aimed at identifying the impact of population policy and the degree of its influence on both the economic and social system of the country. Based on a deterministic approach, the findings reveal and demonstrate the serious demographic challenges facing China, and we are noting that there is no guarantee that parametric adjustments, such as shifting the retirement age, will de facto ensure the financial health of the pension system by preventing bankruptcy. We point out the risks and prospects for the sustainability of China’s socio-economic development based on an analysis of past and current Chinese demographic policy.

THE RELEVANCE OF RESEARCH ON INFERTILITY IN SOCIOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
B.Zh. Smagambet ◽  
◽  
F.M. Ashirbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

The article considers the relevance of the study of infertility in sociology. A decrease in the fertility of men and women leads to a reduction in the reproductive capabilities of demographic development. The need for research is due to the fact that infertility in marriage is an urgent problem not only for the individual and the family, but also for society as a whole. The inability of spouses to have children leads to conflicts in the family, social and psychological distress, and an increase in the number of divorces, which is an urgent social problem.

Intelligence, education and fertility: a comparison between the 1932 Scott Surveys

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Middle Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Linear Differential ◽  
Intelligence Education

In 1932 all 11-year-old children in Scottish schools were given a group intelligence test, and a sample of 1000 was individually tested. The future careers of this sample were followed till 1939. In 1968, 709 of the original sample could be traced, and data about education, employment, and family were obtained. In 1947, a parallel survey was conducted in Scotland, and a sample of 1208 children was individually tested, and followed up for 16 years. The same data about education, employment and family are available for the 1947 Sample.A comparison between length of school education indicates a greater proportion completing a full secondary education in the 1947 than in the 1932 Sample. Proportionally, more of the 1947 Sample graduated from university. In marriage, it is possible to cut across the 1932 Sample at the age of 27 years, to make direct comparison with the 1947 Sample at the same age. The greatest incidence of marriage is in the middle range of IQ, but later records for the 1932 Sample show a relative uniformity of marriage over the IQ range. The pattern for occupational class is similar. There is a slight tendency to later marriage in the 1932 Sample. Two measures of differential fertility for IQ are used. For both samples, there is a negative relationship between the mean IQs of the sample members and the number of their sibs, more marked for the 1947 Sample. The number of children born to members of the two samples before the age of 27 years shows a similar relationship, but in the following 20 years the pattern for the 1932 Sample changes to one with a peak of mean IQ at two children. It is suggested that linear differential fertility for IQ may be a function of the age of the parent.

scholarly journals Estimation of Cohort Fertility Using Parity Progression Ratio

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Dhanendra Veer Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Parity Progression ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Parity Progression Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cohort Fertility ◽  
Children Ever Born ◽  
Using Data

This study attempts to analyze the levels and patterns of cohort fertility in Nepal in 2016 using data on parity progression ratios (PPRs). Simple PPRs, rather than synthetic PPRs or birth history of women, are used in this study from distribution of women by age and children ever born. Data on PPRs are used from 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey to estimate cohort fertility of currently married and all women separately. Fertility is analyzed for different birth cohorts of women, specifically for birth cohorts of age groups 45-49, 20-24, 25-29, and 30-34 years, beside overall span of reproductive ages (15-49) for different purposes. The PPRs data are employed in this study in three different ways such as PPRs itself, proportion of women with at least ‘N’ number of children ever born (CEB), and cohort fertility rates. All three measures are implied to estimate cohort fertility of both currently married and all women separately. Fertility patterns are almost similar in all the three methods and other the measures show that the level of cohort fertility is still a little higher in Nepal, although it is declining gradually over time. The completed cohort fertility is estimated at around 4 in Nepal in 2016. The contribution of this article will be to check fertility level by applying this simple, but less common, method in estimating cohort fertility.

scholarly journals Technological aspects of formation and effective functioning of the education system in the conditions of a technical university.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Elena N. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
Dmitry V. Gulyakin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Education System ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Effective Functioning ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Technical University ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the theoretical and technological aspects of the formation and effective functioning of the education system in the conditions of a technical university. The actual problem of the formation, improvement and effective functioning of the upbringing system is highlighted and presented. The problem between the increased requirements of the state and society for the preparation of future specialists capable of active professional activity, on the one hand, and the harsh conditions of the modern socio-economic system, requiring the individual to be able to effectively work, on the other hand. The emphasis is on the periods and levels of development of the educational system at the university. Technological and methodological mechanisms of formation and further effective functioning of the educational system in the conditions of a technical university are presented. The elements of scientific novelty are indicated in the orientation towards personal development and the qualitative level of professional training of the future engineer. According to the results of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the educational system of a technical university is relevant, objectively expedient in the field of vision of each member of the team, if it moves along the path of humanization, based on democratic principles, and a creative approach is carried out in the organization of activities.

scholarly journals “We Want to Be Educated!” A Thematic Analysis of Gifted Students’ Views on Education in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-238
Author(s):  
Astrid Lenvik ◽  
Elisabeth Hesjedal ◽  
Lise Øen Jones
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Thematic Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Norwegian educational policy focuses on inclusive, equivalent, and adapted education for all. We followed procedures for an inductive thematic approach to explore the educational experiences of seventeen gifted students (age twelve – fifteen). The inductive thematic analysis revealed three key themes: the educational system, the joy of learning, and problematic issues concerning school and learning. Our results are discussed in light of educational policy and Gagné’s Differentiated Model of Giftedness and Talent, and indicate that the Norwegian educational system does not meet these gifted students’ needs at either the individual or systemic levels. This study is vital for gaining a better understanding of the Norwegian perspective as well as the wider Nordic setting.

scholarly journals KASUS KELAHIRAN YANG TIDAK DIINGINKAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA ANALISIS DATA SDKI 1991

Populasi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helly Prajitno Soetjipto ◽  
Sukamdi Sukamdi
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Planning Program ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Ideal Number ◽  
The Relationship

This study is intended to pursue the previous attempts in examining the relationship between low fertility regime and the case of births which had been delivered unintendedly in Yogyakarta. Using an unweighted sample of 575 married women in the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 1991, this study found that 75 cases out of 474 last birth children were bom unintendedly (beyond the range of ideal number of children). Most of the 75 cases were bom by women who have 2 or 3 ideal number of children and by a devoted Family Planning acceptors. Most of the women have limited accesses in education and economic activities. The case of unwantednes were found predominantly among women older than 25 years. Even though only a tentative findings, this study shed some light to the fact that Family Planning program to some extent may contribute to the rate of unwantedness. Apolicy is needed especially in reducing the risk of unwantedness among the low-income women.

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