scholarly journals The assessment of personality dimensions, tobacco smoking and depression among tretment-seeking male alcoholics

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-365
Author(s):  
Gordana Mandic-Gajic ◽  
Aleksandar Eror ◽  
Natasa Pjescic ◽  
Mirko Dolic ◽  
Danilo Jokovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Sociodemographic Differences ◽  
Primary Male ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background/Aim. The co-occurrence of depression and tobacco smoking among treated alcoholics is frequent, but understudied. Some findings suggest that there are some shared etiological factors, but a few clinical researches of personality dimensions among patients with these comorbidities were done. The personality dimensions, the pattern of cigarette use and depression and correlation of personality and depression among inpatient alcoholics were explored. Methods. One hundred primary male inpatient alcoholics were consecutively recruited. The eighty-six of them completed study and were compared with 30 age-matched, healthy male subjects. A semi-structured clinical interview related to sociodemographics, the pattern of cigarette and alcohol use and family history data was applied. According to cut-off on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the alcoholics were divided into depressive and non-depressive subgroups resulting in half of alcoholics in each subgroup. The Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) was completed. Student's t-test for differences and Pearson's test for correlation were used. Results. There were no significant sociodemographic differences between groups. Alcoholics were more frequent smokers (86% vs. 50%). They did not start drinking earlier, but they started smoking earlier, with higher daily cigarettes use than controls. On average, alcoholics had mild depression after detoxification. The personality dimensions did not show differences between groups, except neuroticism. The neuroticism showed significantly higher level among alcoholics vs. controls (12.72 ? 5.19 vs. 5.00 ? 3.36 respectively) and among depressive vs. non-depressive alcoholics (15.07 ? 4.89 vs. 10.37 ? 4.40 respectively). The depression correlated only with neuroticism (r = 0.487, p < 0.001). Conclusions. The majority of detoxified alcoholics were smokers who started smoking earlier, with mild depression and higher neuroticism compared to controls. Our results suggest that the alcoholics with high neuroticism may experience higher depression and may require more intensive integrative treatment.

scholarly journals Possibility to predict the development of secondary depression in primary alcoholics during abstinence

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Mandic-Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Primary Male ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Student’S T Test

Background/Aim. The relationship between alcoholism and depression is observed in clinical trials. The factors which could predict persistence of secondary depression after alcohol withdrawal are not enough explored on admission. The differences between depressed (DA) and non-depressed (NDA) alcoholics regarding the degrees of severity of withdrawal, severity of depression and the intensity of cognitive dysfunctions were explored on admission to investigate possibility of prediction of the development of secondary depression in alcoholics. Methods. A group of primary male alcoholics (n=86) was recruited during inpatient treatment. After 4 weeks alcoholics were divided in the DA group (n=43) and NDA (n=43) group according to the score on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Clinical assessment of withdrawal, scoring on the Alcohol Dependency Severity Scale- ASD, and scoring on the Mini Mental Scale-MMSE were performed in all the participants on admission. The differences between the groups were tested by the Student's t-test. Results. The DA group showed the significantly higher severity of depression, higher levels of alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions than the NDA group on admission. Conclusion. The specific group of depressive alcoholics was shown to be characterized by the higher severity of alcoholism and depression on admission, which could predict prolonged, secondary depression. Early detection and concurrent therapy of secondary depression could improve the treatment, and reduce the relapse of alcoholism.

Personality traits and tobacco smoking among male alcoholics with secondary depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S311-S312 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mandic-Gajic ◽  
M. Dolic ◽  
A. Eror ◽  
Z. Spiric
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionAfter alcohol withdrawal, secondary depression may persists and might be a risk factor for relapse among primary alcoholics.ObjectivesThe differences between male alcoholics with secondary depression (D) and without depression (wD) regarding the personality dimensions and tobacco smoking were explored.AimsThe aim was to investigate risk factors for secondary depression.MethodsOne hundred male primary alcoholics were recruited during inpatient treatment, and 86 completed the study. The assessment of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAMD (Hamilton, 1960), the pattern of cigarette use and personality dimensions assessment by Eysenck personality questionnaire – EPQ (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) were performed for all participants on admission. After four weeks according HDRS cut off score, they were divided into D group (n = 43) and wD (n = 43) group. The differences between groups were tested by Student t-test and Pearson's correlation test was applied.ResultsThe personality traits showed difference between D and wD alcoholics’ subgroups for neuroticism 15.07 ± 4.89 vs. 10.37 ± 4.40 (P < 0.01) and for extraversion 11.74 ± 5.05 vs. 14.30 ± 4.24 (P < 0.05) respectively. The positive correlation between the mean HDRS score and neuroticism (r = 0.487, P < 0.001), without significant correlation between other EPQ dimensions and depression was recorded. The D group started smoking earlier, but without differences of cigarettes daily.ConclusionsThe group of alcoholics with depression started smoking earlier. They were characterized by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion on admission, which could predict persistent secondary depression. Screening on personality traits among alcoholics on admission could improve prevention of secondary depression after alcohol withdrawal.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Assessment of the quality of mobile applications created for arbovirus prevention in Brazil using the Mobile Apps Rating Scale (MARS): review and analysis of content (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Albino ◽  
Izabelly Dutra Fernandes ◽  
Ricardo Gomes ◽  
Tais Acácia Santos-Silva ◽  
Roberta Smania-Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
T Test ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the prevalence of diseases caused by arboviruses has increased alarmingly in recent years. Information and communication technologies, especially mobile technologies, has been used to engage the population and to change their practices in order to control the rising of mosquitos. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to perform a survey of the applications (apps) created for prevention and health promotion in relation to arbovirus diseases transmitted by Aedes Aegypti – such as dengue, zika and chikungunya – as well as classify the quality of these apps based on the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS). The assessment also investigated whether these apps were elaborated considering the theories of behaviour change. METHODS The analysis of the apps for mobile devices was performed using the Android operating system and the Google’s app store. The search terms used were "Chikungunya", "Dengue" and "Zika". The apps were independently analysed by two researchers after a period of training using the MARS scale. Student's T-test was performed to compare the means obtained by the two researchers in order to evaluate if they had a significant difference at the 5% level. The Kappa test was used to evaluate the interobserver agreement for binary categorical variables and for variables using Likert scale. The reliability of the scale was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS Many of the evaluated apps accomplish their goals of transmitting information in an interactive way, but they do not necessarily have the purpose of influencing their users to change behaviours related to the control of disease-vector mosquitoes. Student's T-test did not show significant differences in scores of the different sections of the MARS except for the engagement. Three variables had an almost perfect or strong agreement using Kappa (above 0.61): whether the apps could be classified as informative, had a geolocation feature and were used to entertainment. Cronbach’s Alpha showed good reliability of the MARSs. This study also showed that it is necessary to create and regulate evaluation, dissemination and storage policies for these apps so that, over the years, a deeper analysis of the role of these tools in health promotion can be investigated and better understood. CONCLUSIONS In Brazil, the vast majority of apps, created to prevent arboviroses, were developed for informational or entertainment purposes and they were not explicitly based on health behaviour theories.

scholarly journals Infertility and Depression: Frequency of Depression in Infertile Males

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Anwar Ali Jamali ◽  
Haresh Kumar ◽  
Safdar Ali Parvez Tunnio ◽  
Shahbuddin Rind ◽  
Ashok Kumar Lohano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rating Scale Data ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Scale Data

Background: There is increasing concern that the depression may be associated with infertility. Objective: The current research was aimed to explore the frequency of depression in infertile males. Study Design: This was a cross sectional study. Duration: March 2016 to September 2018. Place: Department of Medicine, PUMHS Nawabshah, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 385 infertile male subjects who reported for the semen analysis at young age group were included in the study. Depression was assessed by using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Data was collected via self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 385 infertile males were studied. Mean age of individuals was 30.28+6.18 years. Mild depression was found in 34.8% patients, moderate depression was seen in 18.2% patients, severe depression was in 8.1% patients and very severe depression was in 9(2.3%) patients. Moderate and severe depression was higher in cases of Oligospermia and Azoospermia as compared to those having normal sperm count, while results were statistically insignificant (p=0.747). Conclusions: In the observation of this study, there was a significant relationship between infertility and depression in infertile males. Depression was found in 64.6% of infertile males, ranging from mild to very severe levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Perioperative Ibuprofen Use on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-Office Bleaching

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Paula ◽  
S Kossatz ◽  
D Fernandes ◽  
A Loguercio ◽  
A Reis
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Tooth Sensitivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Shade Guide ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Bleaching Treatment ◽  
Student’S T Test

SUMMARY Objective: This study determined the effect of the administration of perioperative ibuprofen 400 mg on tooth sensitivity caused by in-office bleaching. Methods: A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 adults who received placebo or ibuprofen before and after bleaching. The drugs were administered three times per day for 48 hours; the first dose was given one hour prior to the bleaching treatment. Two bleaching sessions with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel were performed with a one-week interval. Tooth sensitivity was recorded on two scales: visual analogue and five-point verbal rating scale up to 48 hours after bleaching. The shade evaluation was performed with a visual shade guide and spectrophotometer, before and 30 days after bleaching. The absolute risk of tooth sensitivity and its intensity were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. The shade changes were evaluated by Student's t-test. Results: Both groups showed similar absolute risk of tooth sensitivity (p&gt;0.05). Lower tooth sensitivity was observed in the experimental group only up to one hour postbleaching (p=0.04). Similar tooth sensitivity was observed in the other periods of time. Conclusion: The perioperative use of the anti-inflammatory ibuprofen was not able to avoid tooth sensitivity but reduced its intensity up to one hour after bleaching.

scholarly journals Correlation and characteristics of self-rating and clinical rating of depression among alcoholics in the course of early abstinence

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Mandic-Gajic ◽  
Radomir Samardzic ◽  
Zeljko Spiric
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Integrative Therapy ◽  
Self Blame ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Primary Male ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dysphoric Mood

Background/Aim. Depression is an alcoholism relapse risk factor, but frequently stays underdiagnosed among treated alcoholics. The correlation and characteristics of self-reported and clinically assessed depression in the course of early alcohol abstinence were explored. Methods. A total of 100 inpatient, primary male alcoholics (20-60 years) diagnosed according to Classificaton of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) were recruited consecutively. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were scored on admission (T1), after 4 weeks (T2) and after 8 weeks (T3). Student's t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson's correlation between the scores were done (p < 0.05). Factor analyses of symptoms were performed. Results: On HDRS T1, T2, T3 90,7%, 39.5%, 17.4% alcoholics were depressive, respectively. The mean HDRS vs BDI scores on T1, T2 and T3 were 15.16 ? 6.34, 7.35 ? 4.18, 4.23 ? 2.93 vs 14.20 ? 9.56, 8.14 ? 7.35, 5.30 ? 4.94, respectively. Depression severity significantly lowered in the course of abstinence (ANOVA). The HRDS and BDI correlations on T1, T2 and T3 were significant (r1 = 0.763, r2 = 0.684, r3 = 0.613 respectively). Dysphoric mood, anxious, vegetative and cognitive HDRS subscales on T1, T2 and T3 were detected, but not BDI factors, thus BDI symptoms were analysed. Conclusions. The majority of alcoholics had depression on admission. A predominant mild-degree with a significant lowering of depression severity and positive significant correlations between HRDS and BDI scores in the course of abstinence were detected. The dysphoric mood on the HDRS sub-scale, and self-blame, anhedonia and guilt BDI symptoms were most prominent and persisted. The BDI could be a useful tool not only for routine screening and reassessment of depression, but also for exploring emotional content during early abstinence and planning tailored integrative therapy and relapse prevention for alcoholics.

Serosal and cutaneous recordings of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. G90-G98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Chen ◽  
B. D. Schirmer ◽  
R. W. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Gastric Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Myoelectrical Activity ◽  
Gastric Slow Wave ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aims of this study were to 1) investigate gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with gastroparesis, 2) validate the cutaneous electrogastrogram (EGG) in tracking the frequency change of the gastric slow wave, and 3) investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on gastric myoelectrical activity. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded in 12 patients with documented gastroparesis using serosal electrodes for > 200 min in each subject. All recordings were made at least 4 days after surgery. Each session consisted of a 30-min recording in the fasting state and a 30-min recording after a test meal. The test meal (liquid or mixed) was selected according to patient's tolerance. Electrical stimulation was performed in three subjects via the serosal electrodes at a frequency of 3 cycles/min. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using serosal electrodes in each session. The serosal recording showed slow waves of 2.5 to 4.0 cycles/min in all 12 subjects. Absence of spikes was noted in 11 of the 12 subjects. The simultaneous serosal and cutaneous recording of gastric myoelectrical activity showed that the frequency of the EGG was exactly the same as that of the serosal recording. Liquid meals resulted in a significant decrease in slow-wave frequency (Student's t test, P = 0.006), and the EGG accurately reflected this change. Electrical stimulation had no effect on the frequency of the gastric slow wave and did not induce spikes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The Effect of Changes in Dialysate Volume on Glucose and Urea Equilibration

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward C. Kohaut ◽  
F. Bryson Waldo ◽  
Mark R. Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Dialysate Volume ◽  
Student’S T Test

Objectives To determine the effect of changing dialysate volume on urea and glucoseequilibration curves and to determine, if dialysate volume is prescribed on the basis of body surface area, whether equilibration curves will be consistent in patients of different sizes and ages. Design A prospective study wherein children with acute or chronic renal failure had peritoneal equilibration studies done with dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, 40 mL/kg, and 1200 mL/m2. Patient Population Twenty-two children: 7 under 3 years of age; 8 between 3 and 10 years of age; 7 older than 10 years of age. Statistics Student's t-test. Results Urea and glucose equilibrated rapidly at dwell volumes of 30 mL/kg, slower at dwell volumes of 40 mL/kg, and slowest at dwell volumes of 1200 mL/m2. Equilibration curves were similar in children of different ages when dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 were infused. Conclusion Dialysate volumes of 1200 mL/m2 should be used when equilibration studies are being done to compare individuals of different ages and sizes.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of 2-Azaspiro [4,5] Decan-3-One (Impurity A) in Gabapentin Determination Method Using qNMR Spectroscopy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Nataliya E. Kuz’mina ◽  
Sergey V. Moiseev ◽  
Mikhail D. Khorolskiy ◽  
Anna I. Lutceva
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Intermediate Precision ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Student’S T Test

The authors developed a 1H qNMR test procedure for identification and quantification of impurity A present in gabapentin active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and gabapentin products. The validation studies helped to determine the limit of quantitation and assess linearity, accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, specificity, and robustness of the procedure. Spike-and-recovery assays were used to calculate standard deviations, coefficients of variation, confidence intervals, bias, Fisher’s F test, and Student’s t-test for assay results. The obtained statistical values satisfy the acceptance criteria for the validation parameters. The authors compared the results of impurity A quantification in gabapentin APIs and capsules by using the 1H qNMR and HPLC test methods.

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