scholarly journals Age as a risk factor for suicide

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Kocic ◽  
Caslav Milic ◽  
Gordana Grbic ◽  
Aleksandar Plasic ◽  
Zoran Tatic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Town

Background/Aim. World Health Organization (WHO) in its plan for health policy until the year 2010, has taken reduction of risk factors of suicide as its 12th aim. Because of the fact that the problem of suicide is also significant health problem in our society, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of life period as a risk factor for suicide in the area of the town of Kragujevac. Methods. In total 211 persons, both sexes, aged between 17 and 91 years, from the area of the town of Kragujevac, who had been committed a suicide during the period from 1996 to 2005, were included in a retrospective study. This study included the analysis of: conditions prior to suicide, locations of suicide, motives for suicide, the ways of committing suicide. For statistical analysis ?2 test and univariante regression model were used. Results. Average rate of suicide, in analyzed period, moved from 8.7 to 27 with a mean value of 14.6? 6.9. Suicide rates were the lowest in the age group from 15 to 24 years and the highest in the age group above 65 years (p < 0.05). Among the presuicidal conditions, within any age groups the presence of mental disease dominated as a factor for suicide, but within the oldest one in which organic diseases prevailed as a factor for suicide (p < 0.05). Statistically significant fact is that a house (flat) was the main location for committing suicide in any age groups. Motives for suicide were significantly different within the groups and they were mostly unknown. Committing suicide by hanging was the most frequent way of suicide among any age groups. Univariant regression analysis failed to show any impact of age on the analyzed factors. Conclusion. Because of the fact that an average rate of suicide in elderly increases it is obligatory to primarily determine risk factors for suicide among people more than 65 years of age. Physicians should play the most important role in that.

scholarly journals Risk Factor for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients in Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Rico Januar Sitorus ◽  
Nyoman Yudi Antara ◽  
Rosyada Elviani ◽  
Zen Ahmad ◽  
Harun Hudari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the novel corona virus (COVID-19) as a pandemic due to its high transmission and the rapid spread of the COVID-19. Along these lines, there is a need for more research about risk factors that can affect the spread of COVID-19 and its fatality. Therefore, this study aims to analyze risk factors in patients who died from COVID-19 at the Mohammad Hoesin Hospital in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. This study used a cross-sectional approach. The data were collected from all patients who died with suspected, probable, and confirmed status until September 2020  Data on death due to COVID-19 were collected with suspect, probable, and confirmed status. The results showed that comorbidity became the most dominant factor (62.1%) with (OR Adj) 3.780 (1.000 – 3.168) after controlling for contact history with confirmed cases and sex. There were differences in the mean age and length of stay in patients with confirmed COVID-19 and not. Prevention of death in COVID-19 patients can be done by controlling comorbidities and contact history with positive cases of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevalence of melancholy in swat valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Depressed Individual ◽  
Swat Valley ◽  
Health Organization

Melancholy is major mental challenges that is characterize by sadness, sleep disorder, decrease energy, etc. It also have a great social and mental consequences, it is well know that depression will be the second largest cause of disability globally till 2020. The risk are even higher in developed countries. According to world health organization globally it effect more than 121 million people. Depression is a complex and multi-dimensional anarchy according to it has many faces and cannot be describing by one simple formula because it originate from numerous complex mechanism. Multi-faced nature of depression makes it difficult to find out its etiology. The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of melancholy in different age groups and genders in district Swat. Overall 300 samples were collected randomly across different age groups and genders in which we found the prevalence of melancholy were 48.3% in which male depressed individual were 27.6% while female depressed were 20.6%. The number of depressed individual were maximum in age group vary from 10-20 which is 15%. To conclude depression is easily manageable but it need understanding that how to control your feeling and thought and think new and positively.

scholarly journals A clinical study of anemia in children aged 6 months–5 years in a tertiary care center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Siva Saranappa ◽  
Jennifer Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Anemia is the most commonly observed hematological diseases in children. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that globally, 1.62 billion people are anemic, with the highest prevalence of anemia (47.4%) among preschool-aged children. Of these 293 million children, 89 million live in India. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the factors causing anemia in children aged between 6 months and 5 years and its prevalence within this age group. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted in KIMS Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka. A total of 200 children in the age group of 6 months–5 years with features of anemia or having hemoglobin <11 g/dl were included in the study for a duration of 18 months between January 2019 and June 2020. Detailed history was recorded and examination findings were noted. The data collected were tabulated and statistically analyzed accordingly. Results: About 57.5% of the children with anemia fell between the age group of 6 months and 2 years and 42.5% of children were in the age groups of 2–5 years. A male predominance was seen (61%) with male-to-female ratio of approximately 1.56:1. Most of the children were found to have mild (46%) and moderate anemia (46%) with only a minority (8%) presenting with severe anemia. About 56.5% of the children had a normal nutritional status while 41% were malnourished and 2.5% had both wasting and stunting. Exclusive breastfeeding (for 6 months) history was present in 59% of the children. These children belonged mostly to the upper lower (45%) and lower middle (41%) socioeconomic status. This study also showed anemia in children most commonly presented majorly with concurrent involvement of the respiratory system (31%) followed by infectious diseases (30%) and gastrointestinal disorders (23%). Conclusion: The current study concludes that iron deficiency anemia is a multifactorial hematological disease. Learning about the predisposing risk factors can help to adopt the necessary precautions to prevent anemia in these children. Improving the nutritional status of the children by involving parents and counseling them regarding important feeding practices can help to prevent anemia.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Determining the Outcome of 2-12 Months Age Group Infants Hospitalized With Severe Pneumonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
KMF Uddin ◽  
N Jahan ◽  
MA Manan ◽  
SA Ferdousi ◽  
T Farhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Normal Infant ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Organization

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under fives throughout the world, particularly in developing countries. A case control study was carried out in Bangabandhu Memorial Hospital, University of Science and Technology during the period of January to July 2006. 192 hospitalized infants of 2–12 months age group with World Health Organization(WHO) defined severe pneumonia with radiological confirmation were enrolled in the study, while controls were normal infant of same age group attending EPI center for vaccination. The children were managed using a standard protocol, factors were examined by univariate logistic regression analyasis. The factors whose odds ratio were significantly below 25% and considered as medically important were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of 192 children, 136(70.8%) were male, 56(29.2%) were female, 2-6 months old infants were 120(62.5%), >6 -12 months infants were 72(37.5%), malnutrition were present in 155( 80.72%), 145(75.5%) lived in slum area, 66(33.7%) were treated by quack, 63% were completely immunized and 3(10.5%) died. On multivariate analysis the following risk factors were found significant i.e. malnutrition, indoor smoke resulting from burning wood and manure used as fuel, non immunization, poor economy , poor housing. Significant risk factors for mortality in severe pneumonia are associated with 3rd degree malnutrition and congenital abnormality of heart with Downs syndrome. Malnutrition, indoor smoke, non-immunization, poor economy, poor housing, and smoking in bed room are important risk factors associated significantly with severe pneumonia and fatal outcome was associated with 3rd degree malnutrition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v25i1.15901 Medicine Today 2013 Vol.25(1): 9-13

scholarly journals Dental caries prevalence among 12–15-year-olds in Lithuania between 1983 and 2005

Medicina ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Milčiuvienė ◽  
Eglė Bendoraitienė ◽  
Vilija Andruškevičienė ◽  
Julija Narbutaitė ◽  
Jurgina Sakalauskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
T Score ◽  
Health Organization

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of prevalence and severity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in six regions of Lithuania. Material and methods. A total of 5910 schoolchildren aged 12 and 15 years were examined. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the criteria of World Health Organization. The prevalence of dental caries was calculated by dividing the number of children with caries by the number of all children examined and expressed as percentage. Severity of dental caries was described by DMF-T index. DMF-T indices of individual persons as well as each age group were determined. Oral hygiene was evaluated by a simplified oral hygiene index. Fluoride concentration in Kretinga was 1.6–2.2 ppm; in the other regions, it varied between 0.2 to 0.4 ppm. Results. The prevalence of dental caries among 12-year-olds was 88.4% in 1983 and 85.5% in 2005; among 15-year-olds, it was 95.5% and 92.9%, respectively. Mean DMF-T score decreased from 4.5 (in 1983) to 3.7 (in 2005) among 12-year-olds and from 6.4 (in 1983) to 5.6 (in 2005) among 15-year-olds. Oral hygiene index decreased from 1.69 in 1983 to 1.34 in 2005 among 12-year-olds and from 1.46 to 1.22 among 15-year-olds, respectively. Conclusions. A tendency towards decrease in the prevalence and severity of dental caries was observed, when caries prevention program was running. Correlation between oral hygiene and DMF-T was observed in both age groups. Decreased prevalence and intensity of dental caries among 12- and 15-year-olds were associated with improved oral hygiene, usage of fluoride toothpaste, and fluoride content in drinking water.

scholarly journals Suicide, A Public Health Problem in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília de Souza Minayo ◽  
Camila Alves Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
World Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

This text focuses on the situation of suicide in Brazil, defines and quantifies information, and presents a description of the main risk factors, as well as a reflection on the phenomenon and the possibilities for prevention. Fatal suicide is a serious public health problem. In 2012, 172 member states of the World Health Organization registered 804,000 self-inflicted deaths, representing an annual rate of 11.4/100,000, of which 15/100,000 men and 8.0/100,000 women. Consummate suicide rates are unevenly distributed globally, within countries, according to sex and according to age groups. The mortality rate is highest in Asia (17.7/100 thousand inhabitants), followed in Europe (12/100 thousand inhabitants). The Americas have a mortality rate of 7.3/100 thousand inhabitants (WHO, 2014). In Brazil, with an unevenly distributions between the regions, gender and ages, the total rate is 4.5/100,000. In the country and everywhere, risk factors are classified as medical, psychiatric and psychological, micro social, social and environmental. The history of the occurrence of suicides shows that it is possible to prevent them and to reduce the incidence rates. This requires investment in local diagnostics and multidisciplinary action. Given the delicacy of the problem and the taboos that surround it, the protection network for people at risk for suicide needs to be constantly in the process of training and taking action. As national and international surveys show, at least two-thirds of the individuals who tried or committed suicide had somehow communicated to friends, family, acquaintances or health professionals their intention to kill themselves.

scholarly journals Gender differences in suicide in Serbia within the period 2006-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Dedic
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
Male Population ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

Background/Aim. The complex multifactorial etiology of suicide suggests the need to consider gender differences when developing effective strategies for suicide prevention. The aim of this study was to examine the suicide rates and/or trends obtained for population as a whole, including gender differences in cases of committed suicide and to consider factors (age groups, education, employment, marital status, nationality and methods) associated with it in Serbia within the period 2006-2010. Methods. Data were obtained from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Their classification related to the suicide method was carried out on the basis of ICD-X Code, WHO 1992 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision, World Health Organization). Statistical analysis was done by using the crude specific suicide rate. Results. Within the period 2006-2010 the total number of suicides in Serbia was 6,673, of which 71.9% were males and 28.1% females (male to female suicide ratio 2.56 : 1). Their average rate was 18.15 per 100,000 persons, namely, 26.85 per 100,000 for males and 9.92 per 100,000 for females. Suicide was most often committed by married males and females with high school education, retired, by the Serbs. The suicide rate in Serbia increased paralelly with the age of suicide committers and it was the highest in subjects of both genders aged over 75 years. The most common suicide method in males (62.78%) and in females (58.38%) was hanging and strangling. The second most common method in males was by firearm (18.65%) and in females poisoning (19.26%). Conclusions. Suicide prevention Programme should be primarily oriented toward the male population because it is more exposed to stress in the period of social transition, but males are still less ready to ask for doctor's help when having some problems with mental health.

scholarly journals Age, gender and BCG vaccination status as risk factors for Leprosy in endemic areas of northern Brazil.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima ◽  
Jasna Letícia Pinto Paz ◽  
Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Corrêa Amador Silvestre ◽  
Letícia Siqueira Moura ◽  
Ismari Perini Furlaneto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background In 2018, 208.619 new cases of the leprosy were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO). Of these, 30.957 occurred in the Americas region and 28.660 (92.6% of the total in the Americas) were reported in Brazil. This study aimed to show the reality of the profile of a population in an endemic leprosy area in northern Brazil in relation to age, gender and BCG (bacilo Calmette-Guérin) vaccination status, through the collection of data in the field with evaluation of the study individuals, recruited by spontaneous demand.Methods 405 individuals participated in the study, being 100 multibacillary, 57 paucibacillary and 248 healthy contacts.Results A relationship was observed between the occurrence of the disease, as well as the multibacillary form with the largest age group. The male gender was associated with leprosy per se, with the multibacillary form and was the largest representative of the group that was not vaccinated once.Conclusion BCG vaccination was effective both in protecting against leprosy per se and in the multibacillary form. These results are limited by sample size, may not be conclusive and will need further confirmation in a larger cohort.

scholarly journals Rolul medicului otorinolaringolog în îmbunătăţirea declinului cognitiv

ORL ro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Blebea Cristina Maria ◽  
Ujvary Laszlo Peter ◽  
Dindelegan Maximilian George ◽  
Violeta Necula ◽  
Alma Maniu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Longevity is expected to rise in the following years, therefore neurological problems become a global health concern. Dementia and hearing loss are highly prevalent pathologies in the older population, and a possible association be­t­ween them was studied in recent years. Dementia is still con­si­dered an incurable disease, but the evolution of the symp­toms is considered manageable by addressing the risk factors. In the latest studies, hearing loss has been con­sidered a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, along with obesity, smoking, hypertension, depression and physical inactivity. This paper presents the potentially pi­vo­tal role hearing loss might have in the evolution of cog­ni­tive decline and a summary of studied theories regarding the relationship between these pathologies. The recent guide­line of the World Health Organization regarding cognitive de­cline management involves otolaryngologists in the ef­fort of improving outcomes.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Dental Caries in 5 – 6 Years and 12 – 13 Years Age Group of School Children of Kathmandu Valley

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (184) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Subedi ◽  
P Shakya ◽  
U KC ◽  
M Janawali ◽  
BD Paudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction: Dental caries is one of the most common conditions affecting the general health of children. The present study was carried out among school children of Kathmandu valley to determine the prevalence of dental caries in two age groups. Methods: The study was conducted from December 2007 to May 2008. The age of the school children of the study was divided into two group: 5 - 6 years and 12 - 13 years. A stratifi ed cluster sampling with proportional allocation was used while grouping the subjects. The dental status examination was done with the help of trained dentists. Decayed, missed and fi lled teeth index and decayed, missed and fi lled surfaces index (dmft for primary dentition and DMFT for permanent dentition) were used as the standard tools for the determination of prevalence. Results: A total of 638 students (325 of age group 12 - 13 years and 313 of age group 5 - 6 years) from 30 different schools of the Kathmandu valley were included in the study. The caries status was found higher in the age group of 5 - 6 years than in the 12 - 13 years and it was found to be statistically signifi cant (p < 0.001). The dmfs and caries percentage of the age group 5 - 6 years and the DMFS and caries percent of the 12 - 13 years was found to be 3.79, 69 % and 1.6, 53.23 % respectively. The dmft/dmfs value was found to be signifi cant according to the districts in the 5 - 6 years age group whereas the DMFS was found statistically signifi cant among the sexes of the 12 - 13 years age group. Conclusions: The caries percentage was found to be above the recommended level of the World Health Organization. However, the DMFS and DMFT values were within the WHO level. Keywords: Children, dental caries, DMF index.

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