scholarly journals Morphological markers of secretory activity in prostatic adenocarcinoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubinka Jankovic-Velickovic ◽  
Vuka Katic ◽  
Ivan Ignjatovic

Background/Aim. The vast majority of prostatic tumors developing in adult males are adenocarcinomas (ACP). Histological diagnosis of prostate cancer relies on the infiltrative growth pattern, presence of macronucleoli, and absence of basal cell layer. In the last few years a special attention has been focused on investigation of cancerous glands lumen content. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of intraluminal (crystaloids, blue-tanged mucinous secretions and distension of glands) and extracellular markers of pathological secretions in ACP, as well as the type of intraluminal and extracellular mucinous secretions. Methods. Micromorphological and hystochemical (PAS, HIDAB pH 2.5) analysis was done in 96 patients to detemine differentiation by Gleason and markers of secretory activity. Results. In ACP neoplastic gland`s distension (53.12%), crystalloids (30.2%), basophilic secretions (26.04%) and presence of extracellular mucins (8.3%) were found. All morphological signs were detected in carcinoma of Gleason grade 1-4A. There was significant presence of crystalloids ((G1+G2)/G4 p < 0.05; G3/G4A p < 0.05), basophilic secretions (G3/G2 p < 0.05; G3/G4A p < 0.05) and extracellular mucins (G3/G4A p < 0.001). The association of these morphological features with neutral and acidic mucins secretion was statisticaly significant (p < 0.0001). Conclusion. This study showed that intraluminal and extracellular markers of secretory activity in ACP were significantly more often associated by mixed type of mucin secretion with predominace of sialomucins. .

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Martignano ◽  
Giorgia Gurioli ◽  
Samanta Salvi ◽  
Daniele Calistri ◽  
Matteo Costantini ◽  
...  

GSTP1belongs to the GSTs family, a group of enzymes involved in detoxification of exogenous substances and it also plays an important role in cell cycle regulation. Its dysregulation correlates with a large variety of tumors, in particular with prostate cancer. We investigatedGSTP1methylation status with methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) in prostate cancer (PCa) and in benign tissue of 56 prostatectomies. We also performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) so as to correlate gene methylation with gene silencing.GSTP1appears methylated in PCa and not in healthy tissue; IHC confirmed that methylation leads to protein underexpression (p<0.001). GSTP1 is highly expressed in basal cell layer and luminal cells in benign glands while in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) it stains only basal cell layer, whereas PCa glands are completely negative. We demonstrated that methylation leads to underexpression of GSTP1. The progressive loss of GSTP1 expression from healthy glands to PIN and to PCa glands underlines its involvement in early carcinogenesis.


2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 260-260
Author(s):  
Rile Li ◽  
Hong Dai ◽  
Thomas M. Wheeler ◽  
Anna Frolov ◽  
Gustavo Ayala

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3608
Author(s):  
Liliana Rounds ◽  
Ray B. Nagle ◽  
Andrea Muranyi ◽  
Jana Jandova ◽  
Scott Gill ◽  
...  

Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive oncometabolite formed in the context of energy metabolism as a result of high glycolytic flux. Prior clinical evidence has documented GLO1 upregulation in various tumor types including prostate cancer (PCa). However, GLO1 expression has not been explored in the context of PCa progression with a focus on high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), a frequent precursor to invasive cancer. Here, we have evaluated GLO1 expression by immunohistochemistry in archival tumor samples from 187 PCa patients (stage 2 and 3). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed GLO1 upregulation during tumor progression, observable in HGPIN and PCa versus normal prostatic tissue. GLO1 upregulation was identified as a novel hallmark of HGPIN lesions, displaying the highest staining intensity in all clinical patient specimens. GLO1 expression correlated with intermediate–high risk Gleason grade but not with patient age, biochemical recurrence, or pathological stage. Our data identify upregulated GLO1 expression as a molecular hallmark of HGPIN lesions detectable by immunohistochemical analysis. Since current pathological assessment of HGPIN status solely depends on morphological features, GLO1 may serve as a novel diagnostic marker that identifies this precancerous lesion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Zelic ◽  
Francesca Giunchi ◽  
Luca Lianas ◽  
Cecilia Mascia ◽  
Gianluigi Zanetti ◽  
...  

AbstractVirtual microscopy (VM) holds promise to reduce subjectivity as well as intra- and inter-observer variability for the histopathological evaluation of prostate cancer. We evaluated (i) the repeatability (intra-observer agreement) and reproducibility (inter-observer agreement) of the 2014 Gleason grading system and other selected features using standard light microscopy (LM) and an internally developed VM system, and (ii) the interchangeability of LM and VM. Two uro-pathologists reviewed 413 cores from 60 Swedish men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer 1998–2014. Reviewer 1 performed two reviews using both LM and VM. Reviewer 2 performed one review using both methods. The intra- and inter-observer agreement within and between LM and VM were assessed using Cohen’s kappa and Bland and Altman’s limits of agreement. We found good repeatability and reproducibility for both LM and VM, as well as interchangeability between LM and VM, for primary and secondary Gleason pattern, Gleason Grade Groups, poorly formed glands, cribriform pattern and comedonecrosis but not for the percentage of Gleason pattern 4. Our findings confirm the non-inferiority of VM compared to LM. The repeatability and reproducibility of percentage of Gleason pattern 4 was poor regardless of method used warranting further investigation and improvement before it is used in clinical practice.


1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Aihara ◽  
Luan D. Truong ◽  
J.Kay Dunn ◽  
Thomas M. Wheeler ◽  
Peter T. Scardino ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (8) ◽  
pp. 1278-1284
Author(s):  
Kyungeun Kim ◽  
Pil June Pak ◽  
Jae Y. Ro ◽  
Dongik Shin ◽  
Soo-Jin Huh ◽  
...  

Abstract Context.—The widespread use of the serum prostate-specific antigen test has increased the early detection of prostate cancer and consequently reduced grossly definable prostate cancers. Objective.—To find the most efficient gross sampling method for radical prostatectomy specimens not only preserving important prognostic factors but also being cost effective. Design.—We initially analyzed clinicopathologic features of the entire prostate sections from 148 radical prostatectomy specimens, which then were used to examine the impact of 5 partial sampling methods on tumor stage, Gleason score, extraprostatic extension, resection margin status, and paraffin block numbers. The methods included submission of (1) alternative slices, (2) alternative slices plus biopsy-positive posterior quarters, (3) every posterior half, (4) every posterior half plus one midanterior half, and (5) alternative slices plus peripheral 3-mm rim of the remaining prostate. Results.—Prostate cancers and their extraprostatic extension and resection margin involvement were commonly located in the right posterior portion of the prostate. Method 5 was most efficient, detecting all cases with extraprostatic extension and resection margin involvement and reducing 25% of paraffin blocks compared with the entire sampling of the prostate. The Gleason scores were retained in most of cases, except reversal of the primary and secondary Gleason grade component in only 2 cases (1%). Only 4 cases (3%) were downstaged within the same T2 stage. Conclusions.—These results demonstrate that sampling of alternative slices plus peripheral rim of the remaining prostate is the most efficient partial sampling method for radical prostatectomy specimens.


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Mistry ◽  
Wesley Mayer ◽  
Rose Khavari ◽  
Gustavo Ayala ◽  
Brian Miles

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancyaffecting men and is the second leading cause of cancerrelateddeath in North America. The incidence of prostate cancerincreases dramatically with age. However, many healthauthorities advocate the cessation of routine prostate cancer testingin men older than 75 because of the belief that most patientswill have a clinically insignificant cancer and will not benefit fromtherapy. The true prevalence of clinically significant prostate cancerin elderly men is not known.Methods: We analyzed 1446 needle biopsies of the prostate inmen aged 75 or older. All pathological reviews were conductedby the pathology department at the Methodist Hospital in Houston,Tex. Data were collected from pathology reports, hospital andclinic databases, and medical records when available. Dataobtained included age at biopsy, serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA) levels, number of positive core biopsies and Gleasongrade. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata. Clinicallysignificant cancer was defined by the pathological presence ofGleason grade 6 adenocarcinoma in more than 1 biopsy coreor the presence of any Gleason 4 or 5 component in the biopsy.Results: The median age of the patients included in the studywas 78.8 and 95% of the patients were between the ages of 75and 85. The mean serum PSA level for patients biopsied was10.4 μg/L. Of all biopsies reviewed, 53% were positive for prostatecancer and 78% of these would be defined as clinically significantcancer. Regression analysis revealed age to be a significant(p < 0.05) factor for increased Gleason grade in positive biopsies.Logistic regression revealed age as a significant factor (p <0.05) for clinically significant prostate cancer even when controllingfor PSA. A serum PSA threshold value of 6.5 μg/L would havemissed 38% of significant cancers and a threshold of 4.0 μg/Lwould have missed 8% of significant cancers.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the prevalence of clinicallysignificant prostate cancer in the elderly population may be higherthan previously thought. As the population continues to livelonger and healthier lives, it will become more common to confrontprostate cancer morbidity in the eldery population. Usinghigher serum PSA thresholds to eliminate unnecessary biopsies inolder men does not appear to help identify patients at greaterrisk of having clinically significant prostate cancer. Patients withprostate cancer having aggressive clinical features may benefitfrom treatment of their prostate cancer well into their eighth andninth decades of life. Testing and diagnostic recommendationsshould reflect the potential benefit of identifying patients withaggressive prostate cancer even after age 75.Introduction : Le cancer de la prostate est le type de cancer noncutané le plus fréquent chez les hommes et la seconde causede décès lié au cancer en importance en Amérique du Nord.L’incidence du cancer de la prostate augmente grandement avecl’âge. Néanmoins, de nombreuses autorités en matière de santéavancent l’idée de mettre fin au dépistage systématique du cancerde la prostate chez les hommes de plus de 75 ans en raisonde la croyance selon laquelle la plupart des patients présenterontun cancer non significatif sur le plan clinique et ne bénéficierontpas d’un traitement. La véritable prévalence des cas decancer de la prostate cliniquement significatif chez les hommesâgés n’est pas établie.Méthodes : Nous avons analysé 1446 échantillons de biopsie àl’aiguille prélevés au niveau de la prostate chez des patients de75 ans ou plus. Toutes les analyses de pathologie ont été effectuéespar le service de pathologie du Methodist Hospital deHouston, au Texas. Les données ont été tirées des rapports depathologie, des bases de données des hôpitaux et des cliniques,et des dossiers médicaux lorsque possible. Les données obtenuesincluaient l’âge au moment de la biopsie, les valeurs d’antigèneprostatique spécifique (APS), le nombre de microbiopsies positiveset le score de Gleason. Les analyses statistiques ont été effectuéesà l’aide du système Stata. Le cancer cliniquement significatifest défini comme la présence d’un adénocarcinome avec un scorede Gleason de 6 dans plus d’une zone de biopsie ou un scorede Gleason de 4 ou 5 dans toute partie de l’échantillon.Résultats : L’âge moyen des patients inclus était de 78,8 ans et95 % des patients avaient entre 75 et 85 ans. La valeur moyennede l’APS chez les patients ayant subi une biopsie était de 10,4 μg/L.De tous les échantillons examinés, 53 % confirmaient la présenced’un cancer de la prostate, et le cancer était défini comme étantcliniquement significatif dans 78 % de ces cas. Une analyse derégression a révélé que l’âge était un facteur significatif (p <0,05) lié à un score de Gleason plus élevé dans les biopsies positives.Une analyse de régression logistique a révélé que l’âge étaitaussi un facteur significatif (p < 0,05) lié à un cancer de la prostatecliniquement significatif même en tenant compte du taux d’APS.Une valeur seuil d’APS de 6,5 μg/L serait passée à côté de 38 %des cas de cancer significatif, alors qu’une valeur seuil d’APSde 4,0 μg/L serait passée à côté de 8 % des cancers significatifs.Conclusion : Nos observations portent à croire que la prévalencedu cancer de la prostate significatif sur le plan clinique chezles patients âgés pourrait être plus élevée qu’on le croit. Avecl’augmentation de l’espérance de vie, l’incidence de la morbiditéliée au cancer de la prostate augmentera. Le recours àdes valeurs seuils d’APS plus élevées pour éliminer les cas debiopsies non nécessaires chez les hommes âgés ne semble pasaider à cerner les patients présentant un risque plus élevé de cancerde la prostate cliniquement significatif. Les patients atteintsde cancer de la prostate cliniquement agressif peuvent bénéficierd’un traitement contre le cancer même lorsqu’ils dépassentlargement les 80 ou les 90 ans. Les recommandations concernantle dépistage et le diagnostic devraient refléter les avantages potentielsliés au dépistage d’un cancer de la prostate agressif, mêmeaprès 75 ans.


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